Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuvavanya imeko echaphazela ingqondo. Enye yeemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo yi-electroencephalogram (i-EEG). Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-EEG kwaye lusetyenziselwa ntoni? Funda ngezinye zeemeko apho zingaboniswa khona, kubandakanywa ukuvavanya kokuthintela , ukudideka, i-coma, ukufa kwengqondo kunye nokulala.
Uvavanyo luni lwe-EEG?
I-EEG imilinganiselo yomsebenzi oqhubekayo wombane wengqondo. Iipateni zogqirha zengqondo zibhalwa kunye nokufakwa kweediski zentsimbi ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuthi i-electrodes ezibekwe kwisimo esifanelekileyo kwesikhumba. Ukulandelwa kweedigrikhi zedijithali kubonakalisa ukushwankqiswa komsebenzi wezigidi zee-neurons ngamnye ngaphakathi kobuchopho obubizwa ngokuba yi-cortex ye-cerebral. Umbane wephethini (okanye ubukhulu) kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lisoloko lichazwa yintsholongwane kunye neengcebiso ekuxilongweni kweemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Kutheni ukuhlolwa kweEEG kwenziwa
Emva kokuba i-electrodes ifakwe, ulwazi lukhawuleza luhlangene malunga nomsebenzi wengqondo. Kukho iimeko ezithile apho oku kubaluleke ngakumbi.
I-EEs idlalwa rhoqo ukuba ihlolwe ngokufumaneka okanye umngcipheko wokubamba. I-EEG yesiqhelo ijwayele ukuba ilungiselelwe emva kokuthathwa kwexesha lokuqala. Ukuqhaqhaqhayisa kubonakala ngokugqithiswa kombane okungavamile ngaphakathi kwengqondo engabangela ukudideka okanye ukuphazamiseka, ukunyuswa okungalawulwayo, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokuwa.
Njengoko kunomngcipheko omkhulu onokubanjwa okungalawulwayo, unyango ngamachiza luqaliswa ukuba i-EEG ibonise umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda.
Ngaphandle kokuvavanya ekuthinjeni, i-EEG inamanye amancedo, ngakumbi kwisibhedlele. Kungaba luncedo ekuqaliseni imbangela yokuqonda okutshintshileyo, njengokuba kwenzeka nge-delirium okanye i-coma.
Ukuba umntu uye wafumana ukulimala kwengqondo ngenxa yexinzelelo okanye ukungabi ncitshiswa kwe-oksijeni (i-hypoxia), i-EEG inokuba nexabiso lokuthobela ukucacisa amathuba okubuyiswa. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kunokubonelela ubungqina bokuthi ubuchopho buswelekile.
Umsebenzi wombane wengqondo unokunceda ukufumana indawo kunye nomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, kunokubonisa ukuphuhliswa okungahambiyo okukhokelela ekuthinjweni okuphindaphindiweyo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, lisetyenziselwe ukuncedisa ummandla wengqondo onokungasebenzi. Ngethamsanqa, ukuphuculwa kwimizobo efana ne- MRI kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu le ndlela. Kungasenceda ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ofanelekileyo woqhagamshelwano lwenkqubo yeentlanzi ngokuvavanywa kwamathuba anokukhutshwa. Ukongezelela, ukubeka iliso kwi-EEG kunokuqinisekisa ukuba ubuchopho bomzimba okanye ubuchopho bentliziyo abubangelwa umonakalo ongunaphakade.
Njani i-EEGs Uncedo Ukufumana Iingxaki Zokulala
Ukusetyenziswa kancinci kwe-EEG kusetyenziswa isifundo sokulala esifanelekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi- polysomnogram . Ama-electrode afakwa kwiindawo eziphambili, eziphambili, zesikhashana, nakwi-occipital. Le milinganiselo ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga izigaba zokulala . Oku kunceda ukugqiba xa kuvela ukulala, xa ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula kufumaneka kwi-apnea yokulala, kunye nesakhiwo sokulala.
Ezi ziphumo zingatshwankathelwa njengengxenye yecenogram kwingxelo yokufunda yokulala.
Ukongezelela, ukuxhatshazwa kungabonwa ngexesha lokufunda ubusuku obuthongo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kuba nezinye iimpawu zokuthintela ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwabo ku vavanyo, kodwa kunokubonelela ubungqina obongezelelweyo bemo kunye nokusebenza kwonyango. Kubantu abanentshukumo engaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zokulala, kunokubaluleka ukulawula ukutshatyalaliswa njengesibangele.
Iingozi kunye nezinye iindlela
Azikho iingozi ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene novavanyo lwe-EEG. Iimvavanyo zithengi, zifikeleleke kwaye zihlala zi luncedo. Ukubekwa kwee-electrodes kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba se-scalp.
Ukongeza, i-glue okanye unamathisela osetyenziswayo kunokubangela ukuba usebenze kakuhle. Ezi zinto zincinci kwaye zihamba ngokukhawuleza.
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba i-EEG iyimfuneko. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo zinokuthi zingabalulekanga kwaye ukuphonononga okuqhubekekayo kungaboniswa. Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, ezinye iimvavanyo ezifana nokufotola zinganinika ulwazi olongezelelweyo.
Ukuba unconywe ukuba ube ne-EEG njengenxalenye yolu vavanyo lwezokwelapha, unokuqiniseka ukuba uvavanyo lukhuselekile kwaye luhlala lunika ulwazi oluncedo. Iziphumo kufuneka zichazwe kumongo weklinikhi, kwaye oogqirha bakho baya kusebenzisa ukuba baqonde umfanekiso ogqirha.
> Umthombo:
> Emerson RG no-Pedley TA. "I-Clinical Neurophysiology: I-Electroencephalography kunye Nezikhundla Ezivuthwayo." Kwi- Neurology kwi-Clinical Practice , i-Elsevier, i-5th edition, 2008, iphe. 455-481.