Izifundo zokulala zichonga iipatheni ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwii-Brain Wave kwi-EEG
Ukuxabisa umsebenzi wokulala okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuba kwenzeka njani ukuphazamiseka kwezifo ezahlukeneyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nokuqonda izicwangciso zokulala. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni umehluko phakathi kokulala okungabonakaliyo kunye ne-REM?
Yiyiphi inqanaba lokulala elona nzulu? Umzimba uphinde ubuyiselwe okanye imemori iqhutywe nini? Iphi na amaphupha acacileyo? Fumana iimpendulo kule mibuzo eqhelekileyo.
Izigaba ezahlukeneyo zokulala zihlukile, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuchongwa ngokusebenzisa u- EEG ophantsi. I-EEG, eyenziwa ngethuba lokufunda isisindo sokulala ( polysomnogram ), ngumlinganiselo weendlela zokutshintsha kwengqondo , okanye umsebenzi wombane wengqondo. Oku kwenziwa ngokubeka i-electrodes akukho sikhumba soqhagamshelwano esinokubamba ukuncedisa ukufumanisa iipatheni zombane.
Umsebenzi orekhodiweyo ungabelana ngezigaba ezibini eziphambili - ukuhamba kweeyusi ezingekho ngokukhawuleza (NREM) kunye nokunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala.
I-electrooculogram, okanye i-EOG, yenza amanyathelo ombane ohambelana nokunyuka kwamehlo ngexesha lokulala. Iyakwazi ukujonga ukunyakaza kwe-eyeball ngexesha le-REM kunye non-REM ukulala.
Yintoni i-NREM yokulala?
Ukulala kwamehlo okungahambi ngokukhawuleza (NREM), okanye ukulala okungabikho kwe-REM, kuqulethwe ngamanyathelo amathathu (N1, N2, kunye ne-N3), kwaye ngamnye ufumene iipateni zokutshintsha kweengqondo zombane. I-NREM yenza inxalenye enkulu yomjikelezo wokulala.
I-NREM ibonakaliswe ngokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo kunye nemisipha yomzimba. Kukho kwakhona izinga lokunciphisa intliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomthamo womoya ohamba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga.
- Isigaba se-1 (N1) siquka ukunyuka kwamehlo okugxothayo kunye nokuphumla ngokukhawuleza kwemisipha yokuzithandela. Yisigaba esilula kakhulu sokulala kwaye sisoloko sichazwa ngokungathi sivuke ngumntu olele.
- Isigaba sesi-2 (i-N2) sibonisa iipatheni zobunjani kwi- EEG , kuquka i-complex complex ne-sleep spindles. I-complex K iyindawo ephakamileyo yama-amplitude, oku kuthetha ukuba lide kwaye libanzi. Izigubhu zokulala zidibene ngokubanzi kunye namagagasi aphakamileyo aphindaphindiweyo, oku kuthetha ukuba awalinde kwaye afike ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane. Ezi ziyabonwa kwizifundo zokulala ngabantu abaqeqeshwe kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga izigaba zokulala. Isigaba sesi-2 senza malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zobuthongo bethu ngokuqhelekileyo.
- Isigaba sesi-3 (N3) sibonisa umsebenzi ophezulu wamaplitude owenziwa ngamaza aphakamileyo kunye nobubanzi kwi- EEG kwaye ibonwa njengezona zigaba ezintathu zokulala. Leli nqanaba apho kukhululwa i-hormone yokukhula, ngakumbi kubantwana. Kubalulekile ukubuyiswa kwamathambo omzimba. Kunzima ukuvusa umntu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho kwi-1 yesithathu yobusuku.
Yintoni yokulala i-REM?
Ukunyuka kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokulala, kodwa kubandakanywa inxalenye encinci yomjikelezo wakho wokulala. Kuphawuleka ukuba kukho ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM), oko kukunyakaza ngokukhawuleza kwamehlo akho kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngelixa ulele. Le nqanaba lokulala kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu kwiindawo ezithile zengqondo.
Ukurekhodwa kwe-EEG, okunye kulandelelwe kumanyathelo okuqala, kubanjwe kwiintshukumo ngexesha le-REM kwaye kubonakala lufana nokuvuka.
Le yinqanaba lokulala xa kuphupha ngokucacileyo, njengemifanekiso yebhayisikobho ehamba ngengqondo yakho. Kubonakala kubalulekile ukucubungulwa kwememori nokufunda.
Ngaphandle kwemisipha yamehlo kunye nesigxina, awukho umsebenzi we-motor ngexesha le-REM. Ukulahlekelwa kwetoni ye-muscle ngexesha lokulala kwe-REM kunokugcina amandla kwaye kukukhusele ekusebenziseni amaphupha akho. Kwakhona kungangonakalisa umngcipheko wokulala ngomoya wokulala .
Ukongeza, i-REM ikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwixinzelelo legazi, izinga lentliziyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphefumla.
Ukuphuma kwegazi kuyenyuka kuya kwengqondo, kunye ne-penis ne-clitoris, okubangelwa kwi-engorgement. Le yeso sizathu sokwenyuswa kwamasa kwindoda.
Ukwahlula Ukulala kwiipatheni usebenzisa i-Hypnogram
Ubungqabazi bokulala bubonisa isakhiwo sokulala kwakho kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubhalwe umzekelo wendlela yokulala ye-NREM ne-REM.
Ngokubanzi, kukho imijikelezo emine ukuya kwisithandathu ye-NREM yokulala ubusuku bonke, elandelwa yimida emfutshane yokulala kwe-REM. Umjikelezo ngamnye uhlala malunga nemizuzu engama-90. Njengoko ubusuku buqhubekela phambili, amaxesha e-NREM abe mfutshane kwaye amaxesha e-REM ahlala ixesha elide. Umyinge omdala uza kuchitha malunga ne-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini webusuku kwi-REM yokulala, kodwa oku kunganciphisa njengoko sikhulile. Uninzi lwe-sleep sleep kuyenzeka kwisithathu sokugqibela sobusuku, ukuya kusasa.
Umthombo:
Mowzoon, N et al . "I-Neurology ye-Sleep Disorders." Ukubuyiselwa kweBhodi ye-Neurology: Isikhokelo esibonakalisiweyo. 2007; 720-722.