Ukulala kwe-Apnea, UkuNqabana, UkuNqanda, UkuNqabana, kunye nokuNinzi
Uninzi lweemeko zonyango lungakhokelela ekuphazamiseni ubuthongo, okanye ubuninzi bokulala ubusuku, kwaye kuthiwa yizifo zokulala. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala kubandakanya ukugcoba, ukulala, ukulala, ukulala, ukuziphatha okulalayo okubizwa ngokuba yi-parasomnias, imilenze yokuphumla imilenze, ukuphazamiseka kwe-circadian, i-narcolepsy kunye nabanye. Ezi zibangelwa yimeko yenyama okanye yengqondo.
Ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zezifo zokulala ziquka:
Ukunwa nokulala kwe-Apnea
Ukunqongophala kungabonakala kunobungozi, kodwa kungabonakalisa ubunzima bokugcina umqala wakho uvule xa umntu elele. Umlingane wakhe oqinileyo, i- apnea yokulala , yimeko yokugula engapheliyo apho umntu ochaphazelekayo uyeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphefumula ngexesha lokulala. Ezi ziqendu ezidlulileyo iimitha ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye zenza amazinga oksijini egazini ukuwa okanye ukuvuswa kokulala. Ingabangelwa ukukhutshwa kwendlela ephezulu, okubangelwa kukuphelisa ubuthongo obunqandekileyo, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwengqondo ukuqalisa ukuphefumula, okubizwa ngokuba yi -apnea yokulala . Ingabangela kwaye ibandezeleke kwezinye iimeko zonyango , kubandakanywa uxinzelelo lwentliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kunye nesifo sikashukela kwaye kukhokelela kwimiphumo enzima njengokuhlasela kwintliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, ukuphazamiseka, nokufa ngokukhawuleza. Ngethamsanqa, kukho unyango olululo.
Ukungabikho
Ukusalalisa ukungakwazi ukufumana inani elaneleyo lokulala ukuze uzizwe uphumule kwaye lunokubonakala ngengozi yokuwa okanye ukulala.
Uninzi lwabantu abanokungazinzi luchitha ixesha elingaphezu kwe-20 ukuya kwe-30 imizuzu yokulala okanye ukubuyela ebusuku ukulala. Ukuba oku kwenzeka ubuncinane obubusuku obu-3 ngeveki, kwaye luhlala ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezi-3, kuthiwa yi-insomnia engapheliyo. Ukuqhawula isifo esiqhelekileyo sokulala, esichaphazela malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zabantu abadala, ezinezizathu ezinokubangela.
Enye yeentlobo-ntlobo yintlungu yokulala , ehlala kwiinyanga ezingaphantsi kwe-3, kwaye uhlobo olunqabileyo oluhamba kwiintsapho lunokuba lubulawe. Ukunyanga okusebenzayo kubandakanya ukunyanga kwengqondo yokuziphatha kokulala (CBTI) kunye nokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kweepilisi zokulala .
Parasomnias
Ukususela kwisiLatini esithetha "ukulala ngokulala," i-parasomnias ziphazamiso zokulala ezibonakaliswe ziziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zokuziphatha. I-Parasomnias iquka ukungenangqondo, ubunzima, kunye neenjongo ezijoliswe kuyo injongo enexabiso okanye ukubaluleka komntu ngamnye. Ezi zinto zingabandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokulala , ukulala , ukulala , ukulala ngesondo, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukuziphatha kwezifo , okanye nayiphina inamba yokuziphatha okungenzeka xa umntu elele. Isizathu esibangela ukuba sibe nesinye isimo sokulala, ezifana nesifo sokulala, kwaye unyango lunokuquka ukukhusela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza afana ne- melatonin okanye i-clonazepam.
UkuPhalala
Ukulala ukukhubazeka kunokusongela ! Ubonakaliswe ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuguquka ukusuka ebuthongweni ukuya ekuvukeni, njengokuba ulala okanye uvuka. Kungenokwesabisa njengoko umntu ebonakala evukile, kodwa akakwazi ukuhamba. Kukho rhoqo ukuhlolisana kwama-hallucinations. Kuqhelekileyo, kuthintela malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zabantu abaqhelekileyo ubuncinane kanye, kodwa kwakhona kunokuba ngumqondiso weengqungquthela.
Ukuqinisekiswa kunokuba luncedo kwaye kunqabile ukuba yimishanguzo yokuxhatshazwayo eyenziwa ukunciphisa ubude bee-episodes.
I-Syndrome engapheliyo
Imilenze yesifo esingenasiphelo isifo sengqondo esichaphazelekayo kwimigudu enxulumene nesidingo sokuhambisa. Ezi zintlukwano zingabandakanywa i-aches, ukutshisa, ukubetha, okanye ukuvakalelwa kweebhugs ezikhwela emilenzeni. Ziphuculwe ngentshukumo: ukulula, ukuhamba okanye ukuxubha. Ezi zimpawu zenzeka ngexesha lokuphumla okanye ebusuku zenza kube nzima ukulala. I-RLS inezizathu ezininzi ezinokubakho, kuquka ukungahlali kwintsimbi, ukukhulelwa, kunye nokukhuluphala.
Inokuthi idibaniswe kunye nokuhamba kwesigxina sokulala (i-PLMS) . Unyango lubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwesebe kunye neyeza.
Iingxaki zeCycadian Rhythm
Iziphazamiso zengqungquthela ye-circadian zeziganeko ezinokubangela ukuba iwashi yangaphakathi ye-biological ingabonakali kunye nexesha langaphandle, kuquka umjikelezo wendalo omnyama. Oku kungenzeka kububumbulu obupheleleyo, kunye nomsebenzi wokutshintshwa okanye i-jet lag, okanye ngenxa yesifo se-sleep stance . Ukungahambi kakuhle kunokukhokelela ekusilaleni okanye ukulala ngokweqile (hypersomnia) ngamaxesha angafanelekanga. Unyango lubandakanya ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo kokukhanya , i-melatonin kunye neshedyuli yokulala.
Ukunqongophala
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhako yinkathazo yokulala ebonakaliswa yimpawu ezine eziqhelekileyo : ukulala ngokugqithiseleyo komini, ukulala, ukulala nokulala, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-hypnagogic . Ubuthongo bunokuba lunzulu kwaye lukhokelela ekubeni silele kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga. I-Cataplexy yilahleko yethoni ye-muscle ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, njengokumangaliswa okanye ukuhleka okukhokelela ekugqibeleni ngamadolo. Ukulala ukukhubazeka kungakwazi ukuhambisa umzimba wakho xa uvuka, ngokuqhelekileyo xa ulala okanye uvusa. Ii-hallucinations ze-Hypnagogic ziphupha eziphupha-ezifana nokuhlola okubonakalayo, okubonakalayo, okanye okuchukumisayo okwenzeka ngexesha lokulala. Ukuphulukana nokugqithiswa kwonyango kuphathwa ngamachiza, kuquka ukuvuselela, i-sodium oxbate ( Xyrem ), kunye neengxaki zokuxhatshazwa.
Isifo Sokunyamekela Isifo esingapheliyo
Isifo esingapheliyo sesisu (CFS) sibonakaliswe ukukhathala okungapheliyo okungazange kuphuculwe ngokuphumla kwaye kungahle kube nzima ngokusebenza ngokomzimba okanye kwengqondo. Olu ludaka lunokuba lukhuni kwaye lukhuni, lubangele ukunciphisa kakhulu imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Kungadinga ukulungelelaniswa ukugcina amandla ekukhathala okukhulu. Kukho iimpawu ezinxulumene nazo, kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango (kubandakanya i-apnea yokulala) kufuneka ikhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba i-CFS ifumaneke.
Ijet lag
I-Jet lag yimeko esesigxina ebangelwa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwimizila yexesha-njengokuba kunokuqhutyelwa ngeendlela zokuhamba ngeemoto-kwaye kunokushiya umntu onokukhathala, ukungazinzi, i-nasusea, okanye ezinye iimpawu ngenxa yesigqi sangaphakathi se-circadian, okanye iwashi yomzimba, kulungiswa ngexesha langoku. Inokuphuculwa kwinqanaba lexesha, ngokuqhelekileyo 1 usuku ngalunye uhambo oluhamba kuyo.
Ixesha elichaphazelekayo lokugula
Ingxaki yexesha elichaphazelekayo yintlupheko yengqondo ephindaphindiweyo ehambelana nokudakumba nokulala ngokweqile ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika. Kubangelwa ukungabikho kokukhanya okukhanyayo kufinyelela iwashi ye-biological kwi-nucleus ye-suprachiasmatic, ummandla omncinci wengqondo. Ukunyanga kwalo kukusetyenziswa kwebhokisi elikhanyayo ukunyusa ngokukhawuleza ubude bomhla.
ILizwi
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unempawu zokugula kwesifo, khangela ukuvavanya kunye nonyango ngudokotela olala ngokuqinisekileyo. Uphulo olusebenzayo lunokushiya ulale kwaye uzive ungcono ngelo xesha.
Imithombo:
Kryger, MH et al . "Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kweMithi yokulala." Elsevier , i-6th edition.
"Ukwahlulelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe okuPhepha koButhongo." I-American Academy ye-Sleep Medicine , umxholo we-3, ngo-2014.