Ubudlelwane bexesha lokulala, Ukuvuka, iHormones, kunye neMetabolism
Iingqungquthela ze-Circadian ingaba yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda kwihlabathi leyeza lokulala. Kukho ulwimi oluninzi lokudideka kwaye lithembela kwisayensi engenakwenzeka. Ngethamsanqa, ukuqonda okuyisiseko kwenzululwazi yeengqungquthela ze-circadian kufumaneka kwaye kunokukunceda ukucacisa ezinye iimeko zokulala , ukulala ubusuku kunye nezinye izifo zokulala.
Ukuguquka komhlaba
Ixesha le-23 lomhlaba kunye ne-56 yemizuzu yemijikelezo yemihla ngemihla inikezela isingqino esingaqondakaliyo sokukhanya, ukushisa, ukutya kunye nomsebenzi wezilwanyana. Ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umzimba wethu we-metabolism-kunye neendlela zethu zokuziphatha zenzelwe ukuphendula kulexesha elichanekileyo.
Ngama-1959, uFranz Halberg waqulunqa igama elithi circadian, ukusuka kwisiLatini esithetha "malunga nomhla." Ichaza imijikelezo engama-24 eyiyure eyenziwa phantse yonke into ephilayo emhlabeni.
Iwashi yangaphakathi
Emzimbeni wethu, kukho inkqubo ebekayo inqanaba lexesha kwaye ivumelanisa iinkqubo ezininzi zangaphakathi kwiziganeko zemihla ngemihla. Ezinye zezi nkqubo zibalulekileyo ziquka:
- Ukulala nokuvuka
- Metabolism
- Iqondo lokushisa lomzimba
- Ma Cortisol
- Amazinga eMelatonin
- Amanye amahomoni (i-hormone yokukhula, i-hormone ye-thyroid, njl.)
Ukulawulwa kwale patheni kwakhelwe ukwakheka kwemfuyo. Uomatshini uvumelanisa iziqu eziya kuzingela ngaphandle kweempembelelo zangaphandle.
I-gene ye-mammalian yokuqala, i- Clock , yachongwa ngo-1994. Iimpawu zeejethi ezongezelelweyo ziye zachongwa ukuba zenza i-clock molecular core eyenza ezinye iiselula, izicubu kunye nomsebenzi womzimba.
Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ilandela iphethini ye-circadian, ingqungquthela engavamile yokuphendulwa kwezinto ezinokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ezifumanekayo kwaye zenziwe ngeqela elincinane leeseli kwingxenyeni yangaphambili ye- hypothalamus yengqondo.
Ngama-hormone kunye nezinye izinto ezingasetyenziswanga, i-pacemaker ephakathi iququzelela iwashi zepheripha ezikhoyo kwiiseli ezinjenge-cardiac, isibindi kunye nezicubu ze-adipose.
Ukukhanya kuqondwa ngamehlo kwaye kuhamba nge-retina ukuya kuma-optic neerves. Ngaphezulu kwe-optic chiasm, apho i-optic nerve ewela khona emva kwamehlo, ihlala kwi -nucleus ye - suprachiasmatic (SCN). Le yileyure yowomzimba. Izibini zitshatile iinkqubo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo ezichazwe kwixesha lokukhanya kunye nobumnyama kwimeko.
Le patheni iya kuqhubeka ngaphandle kwexesha langaphandle, kodwa iyakwazi ukuhluka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwimihla yobomi be-geological. Ngenxa yoko, ekuzimeleleni ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweziqendu, ixesha le nkqubo linokuthi libe yintshonkrondi. Iqondo lokutshintsha linokuxhomekeka kwinkqubo yethu yemfuza, okanye i-tau, kunye nabantu abaninzi abanesondo langaphakathi elisebenza ixesha elide kuneeyure ezingama-24.
Kuqondwa ukuba i-genetics yethu kunye nentsebenziswano kunye neminye imiba yendalo-ngokukodwa ukuvezwa kwelanga- kusenokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo ekusetyeni iwashi yangaphakathi. Ezi mpembelelo zangaphandle zibizwa ngokuba yi- zeitgebers , ezivela kwisiJamani "kubaxhasi bexesha".
Ngaphandle kweSync
Xa iwashi yangaphakathi lichithwa kwindawo engqongileyo okanye uxanduva lwezenhlalakahle, ukukhathazeka kwe-circadian ezifana nokulibaziseka kunye neendlela eziphambili ze- sleep syndromes ziyakwenzeka.
Ngokunqanyulwa okupheleleyo kumbono wokukhanya, njengokuba kwenzeka kwi-blindness total, isiqhelo esingezantsi-24 senzeke.
Ezi zihlandlo zihlala zihambelana nokusileleka nokulala ngokugqithiseleyo kwemini kunye nezitenxo kwi-rhythm yokulala edala ukungasebenzi kwezenhlalakahle kunye nokusebenza. Ngethamsanqa, unyango lweengxaki ze-circadian luya kusebenza kakuhle kwaye ugqirha ogqwesileyo oqinisekisiweyo webhodi unokubonelela ngesikhokelo kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo.
> Imithombo:
> Lewy, AJ et al . "Isigaba sokutshintsha iwashi lomntu ojikelezayo usebenzisa i-melatonin." I- Behav Brain Res . 1996; 73: 131-134.
> Peters, BR. "Iziganeko ezingabonakaliyo zokulala kunye nokuvuswa." Ukuvavanywa kwezikhalazo zokulala. Ikliniki yokulala . 9 (2014) 481-489.
> IiPiggins, HD. "Iifowuni zeeyure zomntu." U- Ann Med . 2002; 34 (5) 394-400.
> Reid, KJ noZee, PC. "Iingxaki ze-Circadian zokujikeleza kokulala," kwiMigaqo kunye neMisebenzi yoLwazi lweZibhedlele . Ehlelwe ngu-Kryger MH, uRoth T, iDement WC. St. Louis, eMissouri, uElsevier Saunders, ngo-2011, iphe. 470-482.
> Ingxowa, uRL noLeyy, AJ. "I-Circadian isigqirha sokulala kwesifo: izifundo ezivela kwimfama." Ukuhlolwa kweMithi yokulala . 2001; 5 (3): 189-206.