I-Circadian disorder iholele ekusileleni ukulala nokulala phakathi kwamfama
Kukho ukuphazamiseka kokulala okuthabatha inzame engakumbi yokuqonda. Ngokukodwa, mhlawumbi kunzima ukuyiqonda ingxaki ye- circadian ishythm . Ingqungquthela edibeneyo iyisikhubekiso sokuqala; inzululwazi ingaba ngumngeni owongeziweyo. Masiwuthabathe kwaye sizame ukuqonda enye yeyona nto ididekisayo: Yintoni engekho-24-I-Hour-Sleep Disorder (Non-24)?
Funda ngezizathu, iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokunyangwa kwe-Non-24.
Iingqungquthela ze-Circadian kunye neZiseko ze-Non-24
Ukuze kuqondwe ngcono ii-24 ezingezi-24, kubalulekile ukuphonononga kwelinye lezona ndlela eziphambili zobomi: ukulala ixesha nokuvuka kwiipatheni zokukhanya zobusuku nemini.
Ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elininzi ixesha lokuxubusha malunga nobudlelwane balobu budlelwane, kunengqiqo ukuqwalasela ukuba ubomi bungafuna ukwazi nokusebenza xa ukutya kufumaneka. Xa kungakhuselekanga, kubanda, okanye xa ukutya kunzima kakhulu ukuza, kuya kuba nengqiqo ukuvala izinto kunye nokugcina amandla. Esi sizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba silale .
Ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zomzimba - ukulala nokuvuka, ukuxiliswa kwe-metabolism, ukukhululwa kwe-hormone-ukufika kwexesha lomhlaba kuthatha ixesha elifanelekileyo. Iwashi yangaphakathi libizwa ngokuba yi- nucleus ye - suprachiasmatic (SCN) . Kukho kwi- hypothalamus , inxalenye engaphambili yengqondo ehambelana kakhulu nembono yethu yokukhanya.
UkuKhanya kufaka amehlo kwaye kuhamba nge-nertic optic, ukwandiswa kwengqondo ngokwayo. Phambi kwamehlo, igalelo elivela kwimiba emibini ngokudlula emiphambano yomtya kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-optic chiasm. Ngaphaya kweli ( supra ), yi-SCN. Ukukhanya ngoko kulawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha lexesha leenkqubo ezilandela isigqirha se - circadian .
Ngaphandle kokukhanya, umzimba wethu uba yinqanawa elahlekelwe ukugubha kwayo. Nangona kunjalo asikho kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ezinokuba zicingelwe. Eyakhelwe kwikhowudi yethu yofuzo, umzimba wethu uya kugcina iipatenidian iipatheni ngaphandle kokungena kwiimpawu zokukhanya nobumnyama. Ukuba wafakwa emqolombeni, indawo ene-constant strength, uhlala ulala malunga neeyure eziyi-8 kwaye uphapheze malunga neeyure ezili-16 ngosuku - kodwa kungeyona nto. Kwabaninzi abantu, ubude bomhla obulungelelweyo ngokwemizimba bude bude, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neeyure ezingama-24/2. (Ngokuqhelekileyo ingaba mfutshane kuneeyure ezingama-24.) Esi siqingatha esongezelelweyo seyure. Ngenxa yoko, usuku ngalunye ufuna ukulala kwaye uphakamise imizuzu engama-30 kamva kuba awuyi kuba nengqiqo imini okanye ubusuku. UkuKhanya kukunceda ukusetha iiwashi zethu zangaphakathi imihla ngemihla kwaye ngaphandle kokuba iinkqubo zethu zomzimba zijikeleze kuyo yonke imihla. Oku kukhokelela kwisigqi esingaxhamliyo okanye esingenakunqandeka esitshintshile ngaphezulu kweeveki.
Enyanisweni, eli liyimpumputhe. Abo bahluleka ngokupheleleyo ukuqonda ukukhanya abakwazi ukuhlaziywa kwakhona. Esikhundleni salo, isigqithiso sabo se-circadian sisigxina. Ngenxa yoko, umnqweno wokulala uzuzwa kamva kwintsuku nganye, ekhokelela ekusilele .
Bafuna kwakhona ukuvuka kamva, kwaye oku kunokubangela ubuthongo obukhulu . Kuya kubakho amaxesha apho kukho ubudlelwane obuqinileyo phakathi kobusuku bobusuku kunye neziganeko zokulala. Emva koko, izinto ziza kuqala ukubuyela kwisigaba. Ukuguqulwa oku kuguqulwa kukukhokelela kwisifo sokulala esabizwa, esifutshane, engekho-24.
Izizathu
Ukungena-24 kudla ngokubakho ngenxa yokungaboni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho izigidi ezi-1 eziyimfama eMelika kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 ziyimfama. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yobumfama, abanye banokugcina iziqulatho eziqhelekileyo ze-circadian. Abo bahluleka ukujonga ukukhanya ngokusemgangathweni basengozini yokuphuhlisa ii-Non-24.
Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela ngaphezu kwesigamu seempumputhe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ama-50 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini akhononda ngokuphazamiseka kokulala.
Okuthakazelisayo, Okungekho-24 kunokuthi kunqabile ukuba kwenzeke kubantu abathile. Kuye kwaxelwa phakathi kwabo banexesha elide elixhomekeke kwi-circadian rhythm (ebizwa ngokuba yi-tau). Kungenzeka kwakhona phakathi kweebhokhwe zasebusuku ngokubambezeleka kwesigaba sokulala kwesifo (DSPS) esifumana ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo kokukhanya. Kungabonakala kwiingxaki zokuxhalaba kunye nalabo abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa:
- I-Rett syndrome
- Angelman syndrome
- Dementia
- Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi imbangela ebangelwa yi-Non-24, iimpawu ziya kuba zifanayo.
Iimpawu
Abantu abane-Non-24 baya kukhalaza ngeendlela zokuguquka kokuwa okanye ukuhlala belele, iimpawu zokulala, nokulala ubusuku. Oku kuvame ukuguquka kwiiveki ezimbalwa njengoko umnqweno wokulala utshintsho ngokubhekiselele kwimizekelo yendalo yokukhanya nobumnyama. Kuza kuba namaxesha apho ukulala kuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kuphela ukuqhuma kancinci kwakhona. Abantu abahluphekileyo banokukhalaza nobunzima ngokugxininisa, imemori yesikhashana, kunye nomoya. Inokubangela ukuba isisu sithukuthele kwaye uzive ungenakubizwa ngokuba yi-malaise. Ezi zimpawu zingaphelanga ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezi-3.
Ukuxilongwa
Lo mqathango uvame ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe ekulandeleni iipateni zokulala ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-14. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweempawu zokulala zemihla ngemihla okanye i- actigraphy . Ezi rekhodi ziya kubonisa ukulibaziseka ngokukhawuleza ekuphumeni kokulala imihla ngemihla, njengoko ixesha labantu abangaphezu kwexesha elide lingaphezulu kwamahora angama-24. Isixa sokulibaziseka kuxhomekeke kwisiqhelo sangasese kwaye sinokuthabatha ukusuka ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya ngaphezulu kweyure.
Ubungakanani bexesha elithathayo ukulala, okanye ubuthongo bokulala, luya kwanda. Ukongezelela, ukunyuka okubambisanayo kubuthongo bemini kuya kwenzeka.
Iimvavanyo eziqhubekayo zovavanyo zingabandakanya ukulinganisa ukuvavanywa kwe-saliva ye-melatonin ye-dim light (DLMO) okanye i-6-sulfatoxymelatonin emcinini, ngokuqhelekileyo kumanqaku amabini aphakathi kweeveki ezi-2-4.
Unyango
Okungekho-24 kudla ngokuphathwa ngamaqondo aphantsi a- melatonin athathwe ngokuhlwa. I-Hetlioz yonyango lonyango elitholakalayo kwimeko. Abantu abayimfama bangaphendula nakweminye imiba yexesha, njengokusebenza ngokomzimba kunye nokutya. Xa engekho-24 kuvela kumbono, ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza kokukhanya kungakunceda.
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba unokuhlangabezana no-Non-24, qalisa ngokufuna ukuphononongwa ngongcali yokulala ongakwazi ukulungiselela uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kwaye unikezele unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko.
> Imithombo:
> "Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe lweengxaki zokulala." I-American Academy ye-Sleep Medicine , umxholo we-3, ngo-2014.
> Lewy AJ kunye neNewsome DA. "Iindidi ezahlukileyo ze-melatonin circadian izitrato zecandelo lezinto eziyimfama." J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1983; 56: 1103-07.
> Morgenthaler TI et al . "Yenza imilinganiselo yokuhlolwa kweklinikhi kunye nokunyangwa kweengxaki zokulala zokujikeleza kwi-circadian: I-American Academy ye-Medical Medicine ingxelo." Ukulala . 2007; 30: 1445-59.
> I-Sack RL et al . "Isiqhelo se-Circadian esingaqhelekanga kubantu abangaboniyo: iziganeko kunye nokubaluleka kwekliniki." J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1992; 75: 127-134.
> Ingxowa, uRL et al . "Ukuxhaswa kwee-circadian izhythms by melatonin kubantu abangaboniyo." UNJM . 2000; 343 (15) 1070-1077.