Ubomi obuninzi bezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zihlukahluka kakhulu.
Akukho nkunkuma ihlala kwindlela yakho ngonaphakade. Kwi-pharmacology, ixesha elithathayo ukuba isilwanyana sinciphise ngesigxina se-plasma (igazi) ingcamango ibonwa ngokuba ngumyinge wesigamu (t 1/2 ). (Ukucacisa ukuba siyathetha malunga nobomi be-half-life biological key, kuba isigamu-ubomi sisigxina esicacileyo kwiyeza.) Ngokomzekelo, kwi-physics ye-nyukliya, i-half-life refers to a breakdown of radioactive.)
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufundwa kwesiqingatha-bomi kubonisa umlinganiselo we-pharmacokinetics. I-Pharmacokinetics ibhekisela ekuhloleni indlela izidakamizwa ezihamba ngayo emzimbeni-ukungena kwayo, ukuhanjiswa nokuqedwa. Bobabini oomachiza kunye noogqirha banenkxalabo yobomi njengemitha. Nangona kunjalo, njengabaxhasi abanolwazi, kuyinto enhle ukuba wonke umntu azi ngokufutshane malunga nokuphila kwesiqingatha.
I-Half-Life Formula
Nantsi ifom yokuphila:
T 1/2 = [(0.693) (Umqulu woLwabiwo)] / Ukucima
Njengoko kuboniswe ngolu hlobo, isiqingatha-ubomi seziyobisi sixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwixabiso lokusasazwa kwayo okanye ukuba isalathisi sisasazeka kangakanani kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokugqithiseleyo isilwanyana sisasaza emzimbeni wakho, ixesha elide liphila. Ukongezelela, le nxalenye yesigxina sempilo ixhomekeka ngokuxhomekeke kwisigxina sayo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa isantya sokukhutshwa kwesigqirha esivela emzimbeni wakho siphezulu, ngoko-ke isiqingatha-ubomi bufutshane.
Inqaku, iziyobisi zihlanjululwe zizibilini zakho kunye nesibindi.
Imizekelo yeHlf-Life
Nazi ezinye izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo kunye nobomi bazo:
- I-oxycodone (iilwimi zentlungu): iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwi-3
- I-Zoloft (i-antidepressant): iiyure ezingama-26
- I-Phenobarbital (unyango oluthathekayo): ama-53 ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-118
- I-Celebrex (i-NSAID okanye iyeza zentlungu): iiyure eziyi-11.2
Kinetics
Njengomlinganiselo onentsingiselo ye-pharmacokinetics, ubuncinane besiqingatha kubandakanya iziyobisi kunye ne-kinetics yokuqala. I-kinetics yokuqala yokuqala ithetha ukuba ukupheliswa kweziyobisi ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kumlinganiselo wokuqala weziyobisi. Ngomlinganiselo owodwa ophezulu, isicatshulwa esiphezulu siphuculwa. Uninzi lweziyobisi lilandela i-kinetics yokuqala.
Ngokuchaphazelayo, iziyobisi ezine- kero-order kinetics zihlanjululwe ngokuzimeleyo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Utywala ngumzekelo weziyobisi ezipheliswa yi-zero-order kinetics. Ingqalelo, xa iinkqubo zendlela yokukhutshwa kwezidakamizwa zizaliswe, njengoko zenzeke ngokugqithisa, iziyobisi ezilandelelanisa i-kinetics zokuqala zitshintshela kwi-kinetics order order.
Ubudala
Kubantu abadala, isiqingatha-ubomi se-lipid-soluble (i-fat-soluble) yonyango inyuke ngenxa yokunyuka kwexabiso lokusabalalisa. Abantu asebekhulile banamaqhina amaninzi adipose kunabantu abancinci. Ubudala, nangona kunjalo, bunempembelelo engapheliyo kwi-hepatic and real clearance. Ngenxa yexesha elide elide lobomi beziyobisi, abantu asebekhulile badinga amayeza angaphantsi okanye amaninzi angaphantsi kwezilwanyana kunezilwanyana ezincinci. Kwinqaku edibeneyo, abantu abanamava banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokusabalalisa, nabo.
Ngokulawulwa okuqhubekayo (umzekelo we-BID okanye i-dosing ngosuku), emva kokuba malunga no-4 ukuya kweyure-mihlanu yokuphila, isilwanyana sifinyelela kwingxinano eqhubekayo apho umlinganiselo weziyobisi ususwe ngokulinganisela ngemali elawulwayo.
Isizathu sokubangela ukuba izidakamizwa zithathe ixesha lokuba "zisebenze" kukuba zifuna ukufikelela kule nkxalabo. Kwinqaku edibeneyo, ithatha kwakhona phakathi kweemine neesithandathu zokuhlala kwezilwanyana ukuba isuse kwisistim sakho.
Ukongezelela ekuqwalaselweni ngenyameko kwamanani asebekhulile abantu abafumana ixesha elide lokusebenzisa iziyobisi, abantu abanemvume kunye nemiba yokuzikhethela kufuneka baxhomekeke ngokufanelekileyo ngokunyanga kwabo oogqirha. Ngokomzekelo, umntu onesifo sokuqhawulwa kwesigxina (iinjongo ezinobungozi) unokufumana utyhefu ukusuka ku-digoxin, iyeza zentliziyo, emva kweveki yonyango engama-0.25 mg ngosuku okanye ngaphezulu.
Imithombo:
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Holford NG. Isahluko 3. I-Pharmacokinetics kunye ne-Pharmacodynamics: Ukuzikhethela ngeRational & Time Course of Drug Action. Ku: Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. eds. I-Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 12e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
UMorgan DL, uBorys DJ. Isahluko 47. Ukutyhefuza. Ku: I-Stone C, i-Humphries RL. eds. UKUHLAWULWA KWENKQUBO YOKUPHATHWA KUNYE NEZONYAKA ZEMPILO YEMPILO, 7e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
Murphy N, Murray PT. I-Pharmacy Care Care. Ku: IHolo JB, iSmmidt GA, iKress JP. eds. Iimigaqo zoKhathalelo oluBalulekileyo, 4e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
Roden DM. Imigaqo ye-Clinical Pharmacology. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, uLongo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Iinqununu zeHarrison ze-Internal Medicine, 19e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.