Unyango lukhuthazwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ezibangelwa ubungozi
Izidakamizwa zeStatin ziphakathi kweemithi eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo e-US kunye neentengiso zonyaka ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-18 zeebhiliyoni, ngokutsho kophando olusuka kwiNyuvesi yaseNyakatho ye-University of Feinberg yeMicrosoft e-Chicago.
Izidakamizwa ze-statin ziyaziwa ngokunciphisa kakhulu imiphumo yokuba ne- heart attack or stroke ngokunciphisa i-cholesterol "embi" egazini.
Kodwa a kaqeshwanga ngokusekelwe kuphela kwiziphumo zokuhlolwa kwegazi lomntu. Namhlanje, izidakamizwa zesigqirha zisetyenziswe xa umntu enomngcipheko wokubala, oyedwa-on-10 wokuba nesifo senhliziyo okanye ukushaywa ngxabano kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo.
Uluhlu lweeStatin zeStatin ezivunyelweyo
Imithi enesigidi esishumi elinanye njengamanje ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration, kubandakanywa ezine-dose edibeneyo yeziyobisi. Ezi sixhenxe zepilisi zonyango ziyiyo:
- Lipitor (atorvastatin)
- Lescol (i-fluvastatin)
- Mevacor (lovastatin)
- Livalo (pitavastatin)
- Pravachol (pravastatin)
- Zocor (simvastatin)
- Crestor (rosuvastatin)
Iinguqu eziphantsi kweendleko eziqhelekileyo nazo ziyafumaneka.
Iinzuzo zeStatin Drugs
Izidakamizwa zeStatin ze-cholesterol ezincinane ngokuvimbela i-enzyme yesibindi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-HMG Co-A yokunciphisa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-cholesterol synthesis. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezi ziyobisi kuhambelana nokunciphisa okukhulu kwi-"cholesterol" ye-LDL ye-cholesterol, ukunciphisa ngokulinganisela kwi- triglycerides , kunye nokunyuka okuncinci kwi-" cholesterol " eyi- HDL ye-HDL .
Ezi ziphumo ziguqulela ezongezelelweyo iingeniso ze-cardiovascular, eziquka:
- Ukunciphisa i-buildup of plaque kwiindonga zeemitha
- Ukuzinzisa kweeplathi ukwenzela ukuba bangaphuli kwaye babangele ukuphazamiseka komzimba entliziyweni okanye kwingqondo
- Ukunciphisa ukuvutha komzimba njengoko kulinganiswa novavanyo lweC-reactive protein (CRP)
- Ukwakheka kwe-clot kwinqanaba legazi kwindawo yesithintelo
Le miphumo inokukunceda nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngokukodwa kubantu abanesifo sokunyanzeliswa kwangaphambili abangasayi kunyango lwegazi.
Iimiphumo eziqhelekileyo zeeNkcazo
Nangona izidakamizwa ze-statin zinika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kubantu abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi echaphazelekayo nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Uninzi lunomnene ukuya kumodareyitha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokusisigqibo xa umzimba uphendulela unyango. Eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I sizathu
- Gesi
- Isisu esimoshakele
- Intloko
- Utywala
- Ukukhathala
- Rash
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo
- Iintsimbi zomzimba
Iitatimins zingakhokelela ekuphakanyeni kwe- enzyme yesibindi kwenye yabasebenzisi abangu-100. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunyuka akuhambelani nomonakalo obunzulu okanye osisigxina kwesibindi, kodwa unomdla kufuneka uthathwe ukuba imimiselo imiselwe abantu abaneentsholongwane ezingekho phantsi kwesibindi.
Izitatimende zibonakala zandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kwabanye, ikakhulukazi abasetyhini abase-postmenopausal .
Ngubani o fanele kwaye angafanelanga ukuthatha ama-Statins
Kukho ukubambisana malunga neminyaka malunga nokuba imimiselo iyimfuneko okanye inenzuzo ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amaqela. Oku kuye kwachazwa ngabanye njengentsingiselo yokuba i-statins ayinayo inzuzo kwaye, kubi nakakhulu, ingaba yingozi.
Oku akunjalo.
Ngo-2016, i-US ye-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPTSF) ikhuphe izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo ngokucacileyo ukuba ubungqina "bungekho" ukucebisa i-statins kubantu abangama-76 nangaphezulu abangenayo imbali yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo.
Le nkcazo ayiyilo isohlwayo seemimiselo kweli qela okanye isiluleko sokuba abantu mabayeke ukuthabatha imithi yabo ye-statin emva kokuba baphendule i-76. Kunoko, kubonisa ukuba iinzuzo zincinci kwaye ukuba isigwebo seklinikhi kufuneka senziwe kwimeko -case basis.
I-USPSTF iphinde ikhuphe iingcebiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwama-statins kumaqela alingcipheko alandelayo:
- Unyango olunomgangatho osisiseko ukuya kumlinganiselo we-dose uphakanyiswa kubantu abadala abangama-40 ukuya kuma-75 abangenayo intlungu yesifo okanye isifo soqhwaba kodwa basengozini yomnye. Ukumisela kwenziwa ngokusekelwe ekubeni ngaba umntu unobungozi okanye ubuninzi beengxaki zesifo se-cardiovascular and higher than 10 percent of the risk of heart attack or stroke kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo.
- Unyango luya kuqaliswa, kunye nesigwebo seklinikhi, kubantu abadala beqela elifanayo elilodwa okanye ngaphezulu kwezinto ezinobungozi bomzimba kunye nomngcipheko obalwa phakathi kwama-7.5 ekhulwini kunye neepesenti ezili-10.
> Imithombo:
> Taylor, F .; Huffman, M .; kunye no-Ebrahim, S. "Ulwaphulo lweStatin lwe-Prevention Prevention of Diseases." JAMA. 2013; 310 (22): 2451-2. INGXELO: 10.1001 / jama.2013.281348.
> I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Usetyenziso lweStatin kwi-Prevention Prevention of Diseases in adults - US Statement Prevention Services Force. JAMA. NgoNovemba 16, 2016; 316 (19): 1997-2007. INGXELO: 10.1001 / jama.2016.15450.