Ukuqonda Iimpawu Zamaxoki A1C iimvavanyo kubantu abane-Hemoglobin Variants
I-Hemoglobin nesifo sikashukela sinomtshato oqhubekayo. I-glucose iqokelela kwi-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kwaye ihlala khona kwiinyanga ezintathu. Umlinganiselo we-glucose oqhotyoshelwe kwi-hemoglobin yakho uvavanywa kwi-hemoglobin A1c kwaye uvakaliswe njengenombolo ye-EAG. Noko ke, elo nani lichaphazelekayo ngaphezu kweshukela eliphakathi kwegazi, kwaye ukuqonda amazinga akho kubalulekile ukuqonda iingcamango ezimbalwa.
I-hemoglobin kunye nesifo sikashukela sinxulumene njani, kwaye nini i-A1c yakho yokuhlolwa ingazange ichaneke?
Yintoni iHemoglobin?
I-Hemoglobin iyi-molecule yamaprotheni kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala i-oksijini kwimiphunga yakho kuyo yonke indawo yomzimba wakho. Phantse yonke i-oksijini egazini lakho ithathwa kwi-hemoglobin, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu. Iqukethe isinyithi kwaye yintoni eyenza amangqombela obomvu egazi obomvu ngombala. Xa unayo "i-iron-poorly blood" kungenxa yokuba ungenayo i-hemoglobin eyanele kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu.
I-Hemoglobin isetyenziswa njani ukuvavanya isifo sikashukela?
Xa uyidla, umzimba wakho uphula ama-carbohydrates amakhulu kwi-glucose okanye iswekile esebenzisa amandla. Ekugqibeleni iphetha kwigazi lakho ukuze liqhutywe kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wakho. Ezinye zeeshukela eziphelela kwigazi lakho zibandakanya i-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kwaye zihlala apho ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu. Uninzi lwamaseli akho abomvu abuyiselwa emva kweenyanga ezine, ngoko iiseli zakho zibonisa kuphela iimbali zenyanga ezintathu ezedlulileyo.
Ukuba unyukisele amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho, njengabantu abaninzi abanesifo sikashukela, ngoko enye ishukela iya kufakelwa kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Ephakamileyo ingxube yeshukela egazini lakho, i-sugar to attach to your hemoglobin.
I-Hemoglobin A1c vavanyo kunye nesifo sikashukela
Uvavanyo lwe-glucose yegazi lemihla ngemihla lubaluleke kakhulu kwi-overall management of diabetes.
Kodwa, ezi mvavanyo zinika kuphela umfanekiso we-glucose kwigazi ngexesha lovavanyo. Ngeyure enye kamva, umphumo unokungafani. Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi- hemoglobin A1c (okanye i-glycohemoglobin test) linikeza umbono othe xaxa wezinga le-glucose ngokulinganisa ukuba i-glucose iqhotyoshelweyo njani kwi-hemoglobin ebomini beesibomvu segazi elibomvu, malunga neenyanga ezintathu. Kuqwalaselwa ukuhlolwa komgangatho wegolide ukuqonda amazinga e-glucose edeleyo kwigazi kwaye iyanconywa nguMbutho we-Diabetes waseMelika. Isetyenziswe kwakhona njengolu vavanyo lokuhlola i-diabetes.
Uhlobo lwe-Hemoglobin luchaphazela uvavanyo lwe-A1C
Uvavanyo lwe-A1c aluchanekanga kubantu abaneendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin. Ezi mvavanyo zenzelwe abantu abane-hemoglobin A, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hemoglobin. Ezi ntlobo ze-hemoglobin zixhaphake kakhulu (zizuze ilifa) kubantu abaninzi baseAfrika, iMeditera, ne-Southeast Asia. Kukho neendlela ezingaqhelekanga ze-hemoglobin A. I-hemoglobin eqhelekileyo yenziwe ngamabhonkco okanye ezimbini ezimbini. Xa enye yeetyathanga ilahlekile (imeko ezuze ilifa) imeko ekhuphayo ibhekiselwa kwi- thalassemia .
Iintlobo ze-hemoglobin ziquka:
- I-Hemoglobin S (efunyenwe ngesicatshulwa segreyle)
- Hemoglobin C
- Hemoglobin E
- I-Hemoglobin F - I-Hemoglobin F ibona ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kumntwana kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo ekhulelwe.
- Uninzi olungaphantsi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana neHb D okanye i-G, i-Hb J kunye nokunye
- I-hemoglobin yeCarbamylated (etholakala kubantu abanokuphelelwa kweentso)
Azikho zonke iindimenti ze-hemoglobin ezikhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo, njengoko zenza ngesifo segulane, kodwa zingabangela iziphumo ezingamanga kunye novavanyo lwe-A1c. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abanomzila weselula weengxowa - bathatha isifo sesifo segciwane kodwa abanalo iimpawu zesifo. Noko ke, baya kuba nokufundwa okungalunganga kwi-A1c test.
Kubaluleka kweeHemoglobin Variants and Diabetes
Ukuba unayo i-hemoglobin variant, amathuba okuba ufumane uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kwi-HbA1c ukuvaxelela wena nodokotela wakho ukuba ushukela wegazi lakho liphezulu kakhulu, nokuba lungekho.
Ekuphenduleni oku, isifo sakho sikashukela okanye i-insulin dose inganyuswa, ukuzama ukuzisa isifo sikashukela phantsi kokulawula okungcono. Ngelishwa, le nyuko ingabangela ishukela ephantsi yegazi (i- hypoglycemia ) enokuthi ihlale yingozi kwaye yimeko engxamisekileyo yonyango.
Ukufunda okungamanga kunokukwenza wena kunye nodokotela wakho ukholelwe ukuba unesifo sikashukela nangona ungekho. Imithi okanye i-insulin inokuqaliswa, leyo, njengokuba ingentla, ingabangela u-hypoglycemia. Emotionally, i-diagnostic engafanelekanga inokuba yinto enzima kakhulu, ekubeni ukholelwa ukuba unemeko ongenayo.
Ngubani Unokuba ne-Hemoglobin Variant?
Ngubani omele ahlolwe ukuze abone ukuba unayo i-hemoglobin variant? Abantu abanokuthi babe ne-hemoglobin ehlukeneyo kuquka abo:
- Iindawo zaseAfrika, iMeditera, okanye i-Southeast Asia
- Ingaba nembali yentsapho yomntu onesimo se-hemoglobin
- Ukuba uyamangalisa iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwe-A1c (umzekelo, ukuba luphezulu kwaye ukufundwa kwakho kulungile)
- Ukuba ukufunda kwakho kwe-A1c kuphezulu kakhulu
- Ukuba iimvavanyo zakho ze-A1c ziguquka kakhulu kunye neenguqu kwibrabhu eyenza le mvavanyo
Ukuba unayo i-hemoglobin variant, usenokuba novavanyo lweHbA1c. Azikho zonke iimvavanyo ezichaphazelekayo ngama-varimenti ye-hemoglobin, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kufuneka ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwenziwa apho oku kuthathwa ingqalelo.
Ziyayimfuneko kangakanani i-Hemoglobin Variants?
Kwesifundo esisodwa esikhulu sabantu abaninzi baseNyakatho Melika yaseMelika, abantu abangama-3.77 ekhulwini bafunyaniswa ukuba bane-hemoglobin variant. Kwezi zinto, iindidi ziquka:
- I-HbS ( umzila weselula wegale ) - i-2.85 pesenti
- I-HbSS ( isifo se-sickle cell ) - iipesenti ezi-0.03
- Uhlobo lwe-HbC - 0.61 ekhulwini
- Isifo se-HbCC - i-0.01 ekhulwini
- HbSC - 0.04 ekhulwini
- I-HbE - 0.13 ekhulwini
- I-HbD okanye uG-i-0.6 ekhulwini
- I-HbS B-thalasemia - i-0.1 ekhulwini
- Ukuqhubeka kweHbF - i-0.01 ekhulwini
- HbMontgomery - 0.01 ekhulwini
I-Alpha thalassemia yayikho nakwi-3.82 ekhulwini kulabo bahluke nge-hemoglobin.
Ezinye izinto eziza kunika iHemoglobin ye-A1C
Ekubeni amazinga e-hemoglobin A1c axhomekeke kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, nantoni na ephazamisa (ifutshane) ubomi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi zingabangela iziphumo ezingavamile. Umzekelo, ukulahleka kwegazi ngenxa yokuhlinzwa okanye ixesha elide lokuya esikhathini okanye imeko efana ne-hemolytic anemia ingakhokelela ekufundeni okungekho phantsi. Ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia kungakhokelela ekufundeni okuphantsi, kanti unyango olutshintsho lwe-iron lungabangela amanqanaba aphezulu. Ukuba unesifo sokumpontshelwa igazi, amanqanaba akho ayenokuthi angalunganga. Amanqanaba e-Hemoglobin A1c anokuba nzima ukutolika kubantu abanokuphelelwa kwezintso ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
Ngaphantsi kwimiba ye-Hemoglobin ne-Hemoglobin A1C Amanqanaba
Inqanaba le-hemoglobin le-A1c libaluleke kakhulu ekuqingeni izinga eliphakathi kweshukela legazi ngaphezu kwexesha elide. Ngelishwa, ukuhlukahluka kwe-hemoglobin kunokukwenza ukuba olu vavanyo luchaneke, ngaloo ndlela linciphise ukuchaneka.
Ukuba amazinga akho a-A1 ayabonakali ahambelana nokuhlolwa kwe-glucose yakho yemihla ngemihla, ingakumbi ukuba ungumntu waseAfrika, iMeditera, okanye i-Southeast Asia ilifa, xela ugqirha wakho malunga nokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olulula ukubona ukuba unayo i-hemoglobin variant. Ukwazi ukuba unomlinganiselo, ugqirha unokukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba igazi liyavavanywa kwibhuyibrari eyayisetyenziswe iinkqubo ezingathintekiyo kwezi zinto.
> Imithombo:
> Little, R., La'ulu, S., Hanson, S., Rohlfing, C., noR. R. Schmidt. Iimiphumo ze-40 ezahlukeneyo zeeHb ezahlukeneyo kwi-HbA1c yokulinganisa kwiindlela ezi-8. Umbhalo weSifo seSabethu kwiSayensi neThekhnoloji . 2015. 9 (4): 849-56.
> Lorenzo-Medina, M., De-Iglesia, S., Ropero, P., Noqueira-Salqueiro, P., kunye noJ Santana-Benitiz. Iimpembelelo ze-Hemoglobin Variants kwi-Hemoglobin A1C Iimilinganiselo ezilinganiselwe Ukusebenzisa i-High-Performance Liquid I-Chromatography Method. Umbhalo weSifo seSabethu kwiSayensi neThekhnoloji . 2014. 8 (6): 1168-1176.
> I-Hemoglobin Variants Inokubangela Ukungafani Okubalulekileyo kwiHemoglobin A1c njengoko kulinganiselwe yi-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography kunye neendlela ze-Enzymatic kwizigulane zesifo sikasifo: Ama-Annal of Clinical Biochemistry . 2016 Aug 5. (Epub phambi kokuprinta).