Umhlaza oyintloko umchazwa njengeziko lokuqala (isakhiwo okanye isisu) apho umhlaza waqala khona.
Ngokomzekelo, umhlaza oqala kwimiphunga ubizwa ngokuba ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu oyintloko. Ukuba umhlaza wamaphaphu usasazeka kwingqondo, uya kuthiwa ngumdlavuza wesiqhelo semitha yemiphunga kwingqondo. Ngapha koko, umhlaza oqala kwibele kwaye usasazeka kwimipopu uza kuthiwa ngumhlaza wesibeletho webele weembele kwimiphunga.
Umhlaza we sibini okanye wesiThili
Ngamanye amaxesha umdlavuza wesibini nowesibini uthi usetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kodwa unokuthetha izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ithenda yesibini yomhlaza ingabhekisela kwi-metastasis ukusuka kumhlaza wesiqhelo, okanye umhlaza wesibini ongenakuhambelana nomhlaza wokuqala. Xa isigama sesibini somhlaza sisetyenziswe, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kumdla wesibini wesiqhelo, ngamanye amazwi, umdlavuza ohlukileyo kunomdla wokuqala, ovela kwilungu okanye izicubu ezahlukeneyo.
Oku kunokudideka xa uva ukuba i-cancer yesibini ingenzeka ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza wesiqhelo. Ezinye iziyobisi ze-chemotherapy, kunye neyeza zonyango, zinganyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ngokutshabalalisa i-DNA njengoko zilwa namaseli omhlaza. Xa oku kwenzeka ukuba i-tumor entsha ibhekiswe njengomhlaza wesibini wesiqhelo.
Umhlaza weNkalo engaziwayo
Kwezinye iimeko, indawo yokuqala apho umdlavuza uqala khona. Ezinye iintsholongwane zifumaneka kuphela emva kokuba zisasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba, kuquka imiphunga.
Kule meko, i-tumor yayiya kuthiwa ngumhlaza we-metastatic of origin unknown. Ngokuphucula iimvavanyo zokuxilonga kunye nokuprofayili yamathambo, ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemvelaphi engaziwayo kuyinto engavamile kunexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa oku kusenzeka. Isizathu sivame ukuba i-tumor "ayinakuxhatshazwa." Iiseli zomhlaza zingahluke kakhulu kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo , ngamanye amaxesha zizenza zingabonakali phantsi kwe-microscope.
Nangona isayithi esiyinhloko ayinakukwazi ukuzimisela umhlaza, ugqirha basakwazi ukunyanga loo mhlaza. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezi-2 ukuya kwii-5 zazo zonke izigulane zomhlaza zineziphumo zokuthi indawo engundoqo ayikwazi ukuzimisela.
Iintsholongwane azihlali zihlala kwindawo ephambili. Umzekelo wale nto i-lymphoma. Sekunjalo ngelixa isiza esiyinhloko apho i-lymphoma iqala ingaziwa khona, ayithathwa njengomdlavuza ongaziwayo.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. "Yintoni umhlaza ongundoqo ongaziwa?" nomdlavuza.org. Updated 07/02/14.
I-American Society ye-Clinical Oncology. "Iiprayimari ezingaziwa." nomdlavuza.