Ingqwalasela yeCarbon Monoxide Poisoning

Iingcebiso Zokuzilungela Ukuzikhusela Nentsapho Yakho

I-Carbon monoxide i-poisoning iyenzeka xa uphefumula kakhulu kwi-carbon monoxide (CO), igesi elingenambala, elingenakuqhathaniswa eliveliswa ngumlilo. Iimpawu ziquka intloko, utywaba, ubuthathaka, ukuhlanza, intlungu yesifuba kunye nokudideka. Ukubonakaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-CO kunokukhokelela ekutyikitheni kwentliziyo, ukuxhamla, ukungazi, nokufa.

I-Carbon monoxide yetyhefu ingafunyanwa nge-CO-oximeter, isixhobo esingenasiphakamiso esilinganisa i-CO idibeneyo egazini. Unyango lubandakanya i-oksijini ecinezelekileyo eyenziwa nge-mask engeyiyo. Iimeko ezinzima zingadinga unyango kwi-chamber ye-oksijini ye-oksijini.

I-carbon carbon monoxide iyingozi kwi-US kunye nabangama-20,000 abandakanyekileyo kwigumbi lokunyanzelisa. Inokuthi igwenywe ngokukodwa nge-alarms esebenzayo kodwa isebenzayo i-carbon monoxide alamu efakwe ekhaya.

1 -

Iimpawu

I-Carbon monoxide ityhefu iya kubonakala ngeempawu kwiindawo zomzimba ezifuna i-oksijeni enye, yintliziyo kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS) . Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ukuncwina, i-malaise, ukukhathala, kunye neentloko ezintle kodwa eziqhubekayo.

Njengoko i-CO iqhubeka nokwakha egazini, ukuchithwa kwe-oksijeni kwiimfucu kuya kubangela ukuhlaselwa kweempawu eziqhubekayo, eziquka:

• Utywala
• Ukuphefumula ( dyspnea )
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuvutha
• Isantya senhliziyo esingaqhelekanga (i- arrhythmia ) okanye isantya senhliziyo esheshayo ( tachycardia )
• Igalelo elingaqinisekanga
• Ukudideka
• Ukunciphisa izinga lokuphefumla
• Ukunciphisa izinga lentliziyo
• Delirium
• Ukuxhamla
• Ukungaqondi

Ukufa kufuthi kubakho ngenxa yokubanjwa kokuphefumula .

Ngaphandle kokuba umntu uphathwe ngetyhefu ye-CO, kukho umngcipheko wexesha elide kunye noxinzelelo lweengxaki zegazi, kuquka iingxaki zeememori, ukuphazamiseka, ukudandatheka, ukuphazamiseka kwentetho, ukulahleka komboniso, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunye neempawu ezifana nezifo ezifana ne- Parkinson .

2 -

Izizathu

I-carbon monoxide ingena kalula emzimbeni kwimiphunga. Njengoko i-CO idluliselwa kwigazi, iya kubopha ngokukhethekileyo kwi- hemoglobin , iprotheni kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezijongene nokuthutha i-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngokwenza njalo, i-CO ivimbela i-oksijeni ekubeni ifike kwiisculi kunye neeseli eziyidinga ukuze zisinde.

I-carbon monoxide yintlobo yemvelo yomshushu. Uninzi lweziganeko zetyhefu zibangelwa ukufuthwa kwegesi njengoko ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwindawo efihliweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuphuphuma umoya).

Imithombo eqhelekileyo ye-CO iquka:

• Izitofu ezivuthayo
• KwiNdlu yomlilo
• Iinqwelo zokuphelisa umbane
• Iigesi okanye i-propane izitofu kunye neegrill
• I-grills kunye ne-hibachis
• Ipropane engabonakaliyo, i-kerosene, okanye i-heaters space spaceersers
• Amajenerethi kagesi anikwe amandla egesi
• Iimpahla zomeli zeGesi

Ukukhwela emva kweloli yecala yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-carbon monoxide enetyhefu kubantwana. Ngokufanayo, ukutyhila imoto yakho ebusika kunokuthi ubuthi bebagibeli ukuba umbhobho wokukhenkcela uvaliwe ngekhephu. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na i-perforation in-explosion manifold yemoto okanye isikebhe inokuvumela i-CO ukuba ikhusele ngaphakathi.

I-Carbon monoxide ityhefu ingenzeka nangenjongo. Ngokomphando opapashwe kwi-Annal yase-American Thoracic Society, ama-831 azibulala ngenxa ye-2014 yayisiphumo sobutyhefu se-carbon monoxide, mhlawumbi kwimfucumfucu yomlilo okanye umbane otshayolayo endlwini.

Xa kuthethwa ukuba, ukuzibulala ngale ndlela kuye kwanyuka ukusuka ngo-1975 xa umthetho wama-federal wachaza ukufakwa kwabaguquleli be-catalytic kuzo zonke izithuthi.

3 -

Ukuxilongwa

Ngaphandle kokuba i-carbon monoxide ibonwe njengeyona nto ibangela iimpawu zakho, kunokungafumani kakuhle xa ufika kuqala kwigumbi lokuxakeka. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukucebisa ugqirha we-ER ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ukholwa yi-CO.

Ukuxilongwa kuchanekile. Iquka iprojekti engeyiyo ingenayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-CO-oximeter, enokuthi ibekwe eminwe, inzwane, okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. I-oximeter iqukethe idiodesi ezimbini ezikhupha iintambo ezikhanyayo zeevelengths ezahlukeneyo. Isixa sokukhanya esibanjwe ngamathambo sinokuxelela oogqirha ukuba i-carboxyhemoglobin engakanani (isakhi esakhiwe yi-CO ebophayo kunye ne-hemoglobin) egazini.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, uya kuba ne-5% ye-carboxyhemoglobin ngokuthelekiswa ne-hemoglobin yamahhala. Utyhefu kwenzeka xa izinga liphakathi kweepesenti ezili-10 kunye neepesenti ezingama-30. Ukufa kungenzeka kumanqanaba angaphezu kwama-30 ekhulwini.

Iipropati ze- pulsi eziqhelekileyo aziluncedo njengoko zingakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwe-carboxyhemoglobin kunye ne-oxyhemoglobin (iqela elidalwe yi-oxygen kunye ne-hemoglobin).

4 -

Unyango

Ukuba i-carbon kono-monoxide isetyhefu iyakhunjulwa, iklasi yokuqala yokuthatha isenzo ukuzisusa kunye nabanye ukusuka kumthombo we-CO. Nangona iimpawu zincinci, unyango lwezonyango kufuneka lufuneke.

Unyango lunokubandakanya ukulawulwa kwe-oksijeni egxininisiweyo ngokusebenzisa imaski engabonakaliyo. Ngokunyusa ama-oksijini amanqanaba egazini, i-CO ingasuswa emzimbeni ngokuphindaphindiweyo kathathu kunoko. I-oxygenation ingakwazi ukuqhekeza i-carboxyhemoglobin kwaye ikhulule i-hemoglobin egazini.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, igumbi le-hyperbaric lingasetyenziselwa, elingaphula i-100% oksijini kwindawo ephezulu yokuxinzelelo. I-oksijeni ye-hyperbaric icosa i-CO kwigazi malunga nezihlandlo ezine ngokukhawuleza kunokuba i-oksijini enikelwe kwingcinezelo yendalo. Ivumela i-oxygen ukuba ihambe i-hemoglobin kwaye ihanjiswe ngqo kwiisishu.

Ukongeza kwi-oksijeni, ezinye iindlela zonyango zingafuneka, kubandakanywa:

• Ukuxhaswa kwempilo ye-cardiac ukuphatha i-arrhythmias eyingozi
• Ukukhupha amanzi okuphatha i-hypotension
• I-bicarbonate ye-sodium ene-intravenous ukunyanga i-acidosis (i-build-up ye-acids egazini ngenxa yomsebenzi wezintso ezixinzekileyo)
• I-Valium (diazepam) okanye i-Dantrium (dantrolene) ukunyanga
• Imishanguzo ye-Vasopressor yokumisa imithana yegazi kunye nokuzinzisa intliziyo ecindezelekileyo

5 -

Thintelo

Iindlela eziphambili zokuthintela kwikhaya yi-alarm monoxide alarm. Zifumaneka ngokulula kwi-intanethi nakwiivenkile ezininzi ze-hardware, ezivela kwixabiso elivela kwi-$ 20 ye-plug-in iliso kwi-$ 80 ngokudibanisa i-Alamu / i-alamu yomsi.

IKhomishoni yoKhuseleko kweMveliso yabathengi base-US (CPSC) isincoma ukuba yonke indlu ibe neyodwa umtshini we-CO kwaye mhlawumbi enye kumgangatho ngamnye.

Phakathi kwezinye iingcebiso zokukhusela ezicetywayo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba iifowuni zegesi zixhomekeke ngokufanelekileyo.
• Yenza inkqubo yokufudumeza, umbane wamanzi kunye naluphi na umbane oshisa amalahle owenzelwa ngutitshala ngamnye unyaka.
• Ungalokothi usebenzise i-generator kagesi ngaphakathi kwindlu, igaraji, okanye ngaphantsi kweenyawo ezingama-20 ukusuka kwiphina iwindi, umnyango, okanye ukuphuma.
• Yenza ityhimpe yakho ihlolwe kwaye ihlambuluke ngonyaka.
• Vula indawo yokucima umlilo ngaphambi kokukhanyisa umlilo kunye kakuhle emva kokucima.
• Ungaze usebenzise i-oven yegesi ukutshisa ikhaya lakho.
• Ungaze uvumele imoto ingabonakali kwigaraji.
• Yazi iimpawu ze-carbon monoxide.

6 -

ILizwi

Ukuba i-aromoni yakho ye-carbon monoxide iyahamba, ungalokothi ucinge ukuba yi-alamu yamanga nangona ungenayo impawu. Ngenxa yokuba i-CO ayinambitha kwaye ayinasiphelo, kufuneka ucinge ukuba ingozi iyinyani kwaye ithathe isenzo esifanelekileyo.

Okokuqala kunye nangoko, musa ukukhangela umthombo wegesi. I-CPSC esikhundleni sincoma ukuba:

• Ngokukhawuleza uhambe ngaphandle emoyeni omtsha.
• Shayela isebe lomlilo, iinkonzo zongxamiseko, okanye 911.
• Yiba nenani lentloko ukujonga ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyabalwa.
• Ungaphinda ungene kwisakhiwo kuze kube yilapho abaphenduli bezoxakeka kukunika imvume yokwenza njalo.

> Imithombo:

> Hampson, N .; Piantodosi, C; UT Thom, S. et al. Ziqhelise iziNcomelo kwiSifo, ukuLawula kunye nokuCandwa kweConbon Monoxide Poisoning. I-Amer J I-Respirator iCrit Care Med. 2012; 186 (11). INGXELO: 10.1164 / rccm.201207-1284CI.

> Hampson, iNUS Mortality ngenxa yeConbon Monoxide Poisoning, ka-1999-2014. UkuFikela ngokuKhuseleko kunye nokuKhusela ngokuKhuselekileyo. U-Annal Amer Thoracic Soc. 2016; 13 (4): 1768-74. INGXELO: 10.1513 / AnnalsATS.201604-318OC.

> IKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabasebenzisi base-US. I-Carbon Monoxide Fact Sheet. EBethesda, eMaryland.