I-anemia iyigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza inani elibomvu leseli legazi . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zegazi - iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelet. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ziyingxenye yegazi ezithwala i-oksijini kuwo onke amalungu omzimba.
Kutheni abantu abane-IBD engozini?
Abantu abanezifo zesibindi sokuvuvukala (IBD) basengozini yokukhulelwa kwegazi.
Esinye sezizathu zolu luhlu lokunyuka kwamavithamini kunye neemaminera ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yokuvuvukala okanye urhudo. Ukuba amathumbu akakwazi ukufumana isinyithi eseleyo, i-folate, i-vitamin B12 kunye nezinye izondlo, umzimba awuyi kuba neyomfuneko yokudala iiseli zegazi ezibomvu.
Esinye isizathu se-anemia kubantu abane-IBD ukulahleka kwegazi okunokuthi kwenzeke ngesifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-ulcerative colitis. Ukulahleka kwegazi rhoqo, ngokukodwa kwimilinganiselo engakwazi ukuzaliseka ngokulula ngomzimba, kunokubangelwa i-anemia.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba iimeko ezininzi ze-anemia zingaphathwa kakuhle. Xa i-IBD ifumaneke ekuxoxweni (okanye ngokufutshane kunokwenzeka) kunye nokunyuka kwegazi kuyanciphisa, oku kuya kunceda ngokukhululeka kwegazi. I-iron iyongeza okanye mhlawumbi i-iron infusions ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-anemia kwezinye iimeko.
Iimpawu
Iimeko ezininzi ze-anemia zibhekwa njengomnene, kodwa nangona i-anemia elula ingabangela iimpawu kwaye ingafuna unyango.
Iifom ezibi kakhulu aziqhelekanga kodwa zingakhokelela kwiinkathazo ezininzi, ezinye zazo zinzulu kakhulu, ezifana nokulimala komzimba okanye ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Iimpawu ze-anemia ziquka:
- Ukukhathala
- Utywala okanye ukukhanya
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Ubungqina okanye ubanda kwizandla okanye ezinyaweni
- Isikhumba
- Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
- Ubuthathaka
- Intlungu yesifuba (oku akunqabile)
Iintlobo zeAnemia
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anemia, kuquka i-aplastiki, ukusilela kwesinyithi, ukungabikho kwamavithamini, izifo ezingapheliyo kunye ne-hemolytic anemias. Unyango olusetyenzisiweyo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-anemia kunye nesizathu salo. Ukuba i-anemia iholele ekuphuhlisweni kwezinye iingxaki, unyango lunokuba lufunekayo kwezo ngxaki ngokunjalo.
- I-anemia ye-Aplastiki: Xa umongo wetyekile ukuvelisa iiseli ezintsha zegazi, yimeko ebizwa ngokuthi i-aplastic anemia. I-anemia ye-aplastiki ayifumanekanga kwaye ingaba nefa okanye ibangelwe yimisebe kunye ne-chemotherapy, ukuchazwa kwezidakamizwa, ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka komzimba (njenge-lupus), ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane (njenge-hepatitis), ukukhulelwa (okungaqhelekanga), kunye nezifo zesifo somongo (njenge- leukemia ). Unyango lubandakanya ukumpontshelwa igazi , amayeza, kunye nokutshintsha komongo . Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwonyango, ngoku kukho ukulungelelanisa kakuhle abantu abaneli ngxaki.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia: Ukuntula i- Iron anemia, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-anemia, lunokubangelwa ukungabikho kokutya kwesityebi, i-iron malabsorption kunye nokulahleka kwegazi. Olu hlobo lwe-anemia lungaphathwa ngokunyusa inani lentsimbi ecebileyo ekudleni okanye ngesongezelelo sesinyithi. Ukuba igazi lilahleka ngokuphuma kwegazi, imbangela ephambili yokuphuma kwamanzi iya ku funeka iqwalaselwe.
- I-Vitamin Deficiency Anemias: Ukunyameka kwe- acid ye- folic kunye ne- vitamin B12 ngenxa yeengxaki zamathumbu ezinjenge-IBD okanye ezinye iimeko, kunye nokungadli okwaneleyo kwezi vithamini ngokutya kwakho, kunokubangela ukuba luhlobo lwe-anemia. Kanye kunye nentsimbi, i-folic acid kunye ne-B12 ziyimfuneko ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Unyango lwalolu hlobo lwe-anemia lungabandakanya ukufaka endaweni yevithamini ezingabandakanywa, njengokuthatha i-B12 shots kunye ne-folic acid supplement.
- Izifo zesifo esingapheliyo: Ezinye izifo zingaphazamisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kuquka u-AIDS, umhlaza, izifo zesibindi, izifo ezingapheliyo, izifo zezintso, kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis. Inkqubo yokonyango lwalolu hlobo lwe-anemia lubandakanya ukufumana imeko engaphansi kwelawulo.
- I-Hemolytic Anemias: Kulolu hlobo lwe-anemia, ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kusetyenziswe iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezintsha. Ezinye zezizathu zibandakanya ukuphazamiseka kweemoto okanye iimichiza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo. Olu hlobo lwe-anemia lungabangela ipeni ekhulisiweyo ngenxa yemali enkulu yeeseli ezibomvu ezingaqhelekanga eziqokele kuyo. Ukuba i-dismune ye-autoimmune iyimbangela, unyango luya kubandakanya imishanguzo yokukhusela isistim somzimba, ngenxa yokuba i-immune system isebenza ngaphezu kweeyure kwaye ichithe iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Ukuchonga i-anemia
I-anemia ifumaneka ngokulula ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-anemia ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayibonakali njengoko iqhubeka ixesha elide. Kungathatha ixesha lokunyanga i-anemia, ingakumbi ukuba unyango lubandakanya isinyithi okanye ezinye izongezo ukuze zenze umzimba uvelise amanye amangqamuzana egazi obomvu. Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-anemia, ukusetyenziswa kwegazi kunokusetyenziswa. Ukuba usengozini yokufumana i-anemia kwaye ufumana iimpawu ezibhalwe ngasentla, xela ugqirha malunga nokuvavanywa.
Imithombo:
Clinical Mayo. "I-Anemia." Isiseko seMayo seMfundo yezoPhando kunye noPhando (MFMER) 8 uMatshi 2013. 25 uMatshi 2014.
Isiko soLwazi lwezeMpilo kaBantwana. "I-anemia." WomensHealth.gov 16 Julayi 2012. 25 uMatshi 2014.