I-leukemia luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela umongo wegazi kunye negazi. UMarrow yizicubu ezitholakala kwiindawo ezingenanto zamathambo akho apho "i-hematopoiesis" okanye i-cell cell formation eyenzekayo.
Iintlobo ezine
Kukho ezine iindidi eziphambili ze-leukemia:
- I-Acute Myelogenous (okanye imyeloid) I-leukemia (AML)
- I-Acute Lymphocytic (okanye i-lymphoblastic) Leukemia (YONKE)
- I-Myelogenous Chronic (okanye i-myeloid) i-Leukemia (i-CML)
- I-Lymphocytic (okanye i-lymphoblastic) ye-Lymphocytic (iLLL)
Nangona ezi ntlobo ezine ze-leukemia zineentetho ezahlukeneyo kunye nezokwelapha ezahlukeneyo, zonke ziqala kwiseli kwi-bone.
Lymphocytic vs. Myelogenous
I-leukemia ibizwa ngokuthi "lymphocytic" okanye "lymphoblastic" ukuba utshintsho lomhlaza luqala ngohlobo lomnxeba olwenza i-lymphocytes, oluhlobo lweselingo esimhlophe. I-leukemia ibizwa ngokuthi "i-myelogenous" okanye "imyeloid" ukuba utshintsho lomhlaza luqala ngolunye uhlobo lwesitrato lesithambo, xa luphilile, luqhubeka luba neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiplatelet kunye nezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
I-Leukemia
Ama-leukemi ayenzekayo avela kwiintsholongwane ezincinane ezinokuthi "ziyaqhuma" iiseli, i-myeloblasts okanye i-lymphoblast. Ezi seli seli-acute leukemia azivumelekanga kwaye azisebenzi njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo. Baxhamla ngaphandle kweeseli eziqhelekileyo emnzini wethambo, obangela ukuhla kweenombolo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe ngomnxeba. Ngaphandle kwonyango, i-leukemia enkulu iya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
Leukemia engapheliyo
I-leukemia engapheliyo inomlinganiselo omncinci okanye ayikho "i-cell" engamaqabane kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iqhubela phambili ngokuthe ngcembe kunama-leukemi. Isisululwazi esingapheliyo sesifo se-leukemia (CML) esenza iiseli zegazi zisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa zibalo ziphezulu kangangokuthi zixhamla ukuveliswa kwezinye iiseli ezifana neeseli zegazi ezibomvu.
Kwi-long-term lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), ezininzi i-lymphocytes ezingasebenziyo ziveliswa. Ezi zisele ezingavumelekanga zithatha indawo kwaye ziphazamise umsebenzi wee-lymphocytes eziqhelekileyo kumnkantshi kunye ne-lymph nodes kwaye ziyancipha umzimba wesigxina somzimba. Emva kwexesha, zombini i-CML kunye ne-CLL banako ukuguqulwa zibe yi-leukemi.
Izinto zobungozi
Njengoko uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza, isizathu esona sizathu sokuthi i-leukemia ayiyazi. Abantu abaninzi abanomngcipheko abanakuze bahlakulele isifo, kwaye ezinye izigulane ze-leukemia azikho ingozi eyaziwayo. Kwi-AML, ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ziye zachongwa kwaye ziquka:
- I-Down Syndrome kunye nezinye izifo zemizimba
- Ionyango langaphambili kunye ne-chemotherapy
- Ukubonakaliswa okusisigxina kwimichiza ebizwa ngokuthi "benzenes" kumazinga angaphephile
- Ukutshaya
- Ukubonakaliswa kwimizibalazo, kuquka i-radiation ukunyanga ezinye iifom zomhlaza
Izifundo zokufumana isizathu kunye nemingcipheko yokuphuhlisa ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia ziyaqhubeka.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Iimpawu kunye neempawu ukuba umntu onobulunga obukhulu be-leukemia ngumphumo weenombolo eziphantsi zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi (okanye i-oksijini ezithwele iiseli), iiplatelet (ezinceda ekubunjweni kwegazi) kunye neeseli zamhlophe zegazi (ezinokukunceda ukukhusela intsholongwane) Umnkantsha ogulayo uyakwazi ukuvelisa.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-leukemia ezinzima zingabandakanya:
- Ukuziva ukhathele, amandla aphantsi
- Ukuphefumula okunzima xa wenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo
- Isikhumba esinamabala
- Imifuma okanye i sweatshi ebusuku
- Ukutywa kunye nemivimbo eyenza ixesha elide ukuphilisa
- Ukuphuma kwamanzi amanxeba amancinci
- Amancinci amancinci phantsi kwesikhumba (ebizwa ngokuthi "petechiae")
- Amathambo okanye amanxeba aseAky
- Ukusulela rhoqo okanye ugula ongenakubonakala 'ulwa'
Uninzi lwezigulane ze-leukemia ezingapheliyo aziyi kuba nezibonakaliso kunye neempawu kwaye zivame ukuba zifumene isifo emva komsebenzi wegazi ukusuka kwisiqhelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba isifo siphambili, banokufumana iimpawu ezifanayo kwizigulane ezinomdlavuza we-leukemia.
Imiqondiso ye-leukemia ingaba yinto engacacileyo kwaye ingadideka kwezinye izifo ezininzi. Ukuba unomdla malunga neempawu ozifumanayo, kukusoloko kuluvo olufanelekileyo ukufuna iingcebiso kumniki-nkonzo wakho wezempilo.
Isishwankathelo
I-leukemia ngumhlaza womnatha wethambo kwaye ikhokelela ekuvelweni kweeseli zegazi ezingavamile. Ekugqibeleni, le "seli seli-leukemia" ezingavamile ziza kuthatha iiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets.
I-leukemi ihlelwa luhlobo lweselenzana abayilusayo ukusuka kwi-myelogenous okanye lymphocytic), kunye nokukhawuleza ukuba i-leukemia ikhula kwaye iqhubela phambili (i-acute and infronic). Nangona ezi zifo zivela kwimvelaphi efanayo, zonke zihluke kwiimpawu kunye neempawu zabo, indlela abaqhuba ngayo kunye nendlela abaphathwa ngayo.
Imithombo:
UCaldwell, B. (2007). I-leukemi. ECiesla, B. (Umq.) Hematology kwi Practice (iphe. 159-185). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Inkampani.
Finnegan, K. (2007). Izifo ezingapheliyo zesifo se-myeloproliferative. KuCiesla, B. (Umhl.) Hematology kwi Practice (iphe.187-203). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: FA Davis Inkampani.
Munker, R. (2007). I-Leukemias e-Myelogenous Acute. E-Munker, R., Hillier, E., Glass, J. et al (eds.) I-Hematology yanamhlanje: i-Biology kunye noLawulo lwezonyango-ukupapashwa kwe-2. (iphe. 155-173). Totowa, eNew Jersey: Humana Press Inc.
Munker, R., Kunye neSakhalkar, V. (2007). ILucphoblastic Leukemias. E-Munker, R., Hillier, E., Glass, J. et al (eds.) I-Hematology yanamhlanje: i-Biology kunye noLawulo lwezonyango-ukupapashwa kwe-2. (iphe. 173- 195). Totowa, eNew Jersey: Humana Press Inc.