Kukho ezininzi ezinokuthi zibangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukunciphisa oku ku-5 okanye 10 ngamanye amaxesha kunceda. Ziziphi ezibangela ezibaluleke kakhulu?
Iingxaki Ezihamba Ngaphandle Kokubhema
Xa sithetha ngezona zinto ezibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, iingcamango zethu ziyanqumla ukutshaya. Kodwa ngelixa ezinye zezizathu ezibangele zicacileyo, ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ziyakumangalisa.
Xa sithetha ngezizathu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngokuyinhloko sibhekisela kwimingcipheko yesifo.
Kukho izinto ezinokubakho zengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kanti ngamanye amaxesha ukunciphisa oku phezulu kwi-5 okanye kwe-10 kunokunceda kakhulu. Ngoba? Xa sithetha ngomngcipheko esikuthethayo ngeendlela onokukwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Ngezinye zezinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nokutshaya okanye ukuvavanya ikhaya lakho ngo-radon, unokulindela ukubuya okukhulu (ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni umngcipheko) kwimigudu yakho. Ngezinye zezizathu ezinokwenzeka okanye ezincinci, kunjalo, ukutshala ixesha lakho kunokuba nokubuyisela okuphantsi. Eyona nto, sonke siyakwazi ukuba nazo zonke izinto ezinobungozi kwaye sitshintshe indlela yethu yokuphila ukuphepha ezi zinto. Kodwa kwilizwe lethu elihamba ngokukhawuleza, akunjalo.
Ziziphi izizathu ezibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuba wonke umntu afanele azi?
Ukutshaya
Ukubhema kubangelwa iipesenti ezingama-80 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini lomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye kubangele ukufa kwama-160,000 ngomhlaza ngamnye ngonyaka eMelika.
Oko kwathiwa, iipesenti ezili-10 zamadoda kunye nama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange bavume, kwaye ngaphezu kwengxenye yesigamu yamanomdla emiphunga ahlobene nokubhema kwenzeka ngaphambili, kungekhona, ababhemayo.
Radon
Ukubonakaliswa kwerhasi yeerdon emakhaya ethu yimbangela yesibini yesikhokelo somdlavuza wamaphaphu jikelele, elijongene ne-27,000 yomhlaza womdlavuza umnyaka ngamnye.
Ukuboniswa kweRadon yile nombolo enye yomdlavuza wemiphunga kwabangabhemi .
I-gason yeRadon ibangelwa ukubola kwemvelo kwe-uranium phantsi kwezindlu zethu kwaye singangena emakhaya ethu ngokuqhekeka kwisiseko, izivulo ezijikeleze amanzi, kunye nezikhefu ezijikeleze imibhobho. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-radon afunyenwe emakhaya kuwo onke amazwe angama-50 nakwihlabathi lonke. Ekubeni i-radon iyona gesi engabonakaliyo, engenasiphelo, yindlela ephela yokukwazi ukuba usengozini kukuvavanya ikhaya lakho nge-radon . Emva koko funda ukuba unganciphisa amanqanaba ekhaya lakho.
Umsizi wesibini
Isizathu sesithathu esibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, uxanduva lokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-3 000 ngonyaka ngamnye kubantu abangazange bavume, ngumsi wesibini . Ukuphila nomntu obhemayo kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamaphaphu Iipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini, kwaye kunye nokutyhila okufutshane kunokudala umonakalo onokubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
UkuPhuma kwezeMisebenzi
Ukuchazwa komsebenzi kwizinto ezibangelwa ngumhlaza zijongene neepesenti ezingama-6 ukuya kuma-17 ekhulwini lamanomdla emaphaphu kumadoda e-United States. Eminye yamacala afaka i-diesel fumes, i-solvenents efana ne-benzene, iikhemikhali ezifana ne-vinyl chloride, kunye neensimbi ezifana ne-chromium kunye ne-arsenic. Abaqeshi bafuneka ukuba banikezele ngamaphepha eenkcukacha malunga nezinto ezinobungozi onokuzityhila kuzo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuyihlola kwaye uthathe naziphi na izicwangciso ezinokucetyiswa.
Ukumoshwa komoya
Ukungcola komoya okwenziwe kwindlela, ukushisa kombane we-diesel, amalahle kunye nenkuni kujongene neepesenti ezingama-5 zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda, kunye nama-3 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini base-United States. Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, la manani aphezulu kakhulu.
Ezinye izizathu kunye nezizathu ezinokwenzeka
Kukho ezinye ezininzi ezibangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu oye wavavanywa. Ukuba unomdla unokuba unqwenela ukujonga uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki zomdlavuza wemiphunga. Siyazi ukuba kukho i-genetic component, ngokukodwa xa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ufunyanwa kubantu abancinci, abasetyhini, kwaye abaze batshaya.
Okukwintsusa
Umhlaza womlenze uyisifo esinoyikisayo. Okwangoku kukho imbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantu abachaphazeleka ngumhlaza kumadoda nabasetyhini eMelika nasehlabathini lonke. Ngelo xesha, amaninzi amanqaku omdlavuza wemiphunga, ekuthiwa, ekuthintweni. Asazi indlela yokuthintela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuba kwenzeke, kodwa siyazi iindlela ezininzi onokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Mhlawumbi uye wakuva ukuba ukutshaya akuyona ingcamango efanelekileyo, kodwa abantu abambalwa bayazi ukuba ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-radon olulula (kunye nekiti esuka kwisitoreji se-hardware) kwaye ufuna ukulungiswa kwe-radon ukuba kungavumelekanga, kunokukuhlawula umngcipheko wesibini imbangela ebanzi kunye neyona nto ibangela umdlavuza wemiphunga kubantu abangabhemi.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Umhlaza wemiphunga. Izinto zobungozi. Ukuhlaziywa 05/31/17. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ngomdlavuza. Updated 11/03/15. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/
> I-Arhente yoKhuselo yendalo Radon. https://www.epa.gov/radon
> Robinson, C. et al. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu osebenza eMzantsi Afrika. 1984-1998. Umbhalo waseMelika weMveliso yamayeza . 2011. 54 (2): 102-17.