Ukususela kwiimpawu zokuNyango, nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi
Iintsholongwane zobomi zibangelwa kukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwingqondo. Zingachaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kwaye nangona ziqhelekanga, umdlavuza wengqondo ngowona wesibini uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza kubantwana emva kwe- acute lymphocytic leukemia .
Iimvumi zebhondi zingabalwa njengezibi (umdlavuza) okanye unobungozi (ongenomdlavuza). Izibilini ezibi zivutha kakhulu kunezinto ezinobungozi, kodwa zombini zibi kakhulu kwaye zingaba zibulala.
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-140 zeesifo seengqondo ezingasenza engqondweni. Iimvumi zebhanki zingahle zibekwe njengeziziiprayimari okanye imetastatic, kuxhomekeke apho zivela khona emzimbeni.
Iimvumi zangasese eziphambili zivela kwingqondo kwaye aziqhelanga ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwayo. Amathumba e-Metastatic aqala kwenye inxalenye yomzimba aze asasaze kwingqondo ngokusebenzisa igazi okanye iiselfo zamathambo. Olunye uhlobo lwemihlaza luyakwazi ukusasazeka kwingqondo. Ezi ntlobo ziquka umhlaza wamaphaphu , umdlavuza webele , i- melanoma , kunye nomhlaza wesifo . Umdlavuza womlenze yiyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo isifo sokuxhamla kwi-brain . Phantse ama-40 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa i-tumor yengqondo. Izidumbu zeMetastatic azibhekiselwe kumdlavuza wengqondo, kodwa kunoko zibizwa ngokuba yi-metastatic tumor ebuchosheni. Ngokomzekelo, umhlaza wamaphaphu oye wasasazeka kwingqondo awubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womkhuhlane, kodwa umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo somdlavuza.
Izizathu
Asizi kakuhle oko kubangela ukuba i-brain tumors, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwezinto ezinokudlala indima ekuphuhlisweni kwazo. Imiba yengozi yeengxaki zeengqondo zibandakanya:
- Ukubonakaliswa kwimizila ebandakanya imitha yonyango
- Imbali yentsapho yeengxaki ezithile zofuzo ezifana neurofibromatosis, i- tuberous sclerosis , isifo seVon Hippel-Lindau kunye ne-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Ukuba ne- immune system (ngokukodwa kwi-CNS i-lymphomas ne- AIDS )
Iimpawu
Izimpawu ze-tumor ze-Brain ziyahlukahluka ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yesikhumba ngaphakathi kwengqondo kunye nobukhulu. Ubunzima beempawu azibonakalisi ukuba i-tumor enkulu kangakanani njengezifo ezincinci zingabangela iimpawu ezinzima.
Intloko ziyimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezicubu zeengqondo kodwa zihlala zihamba kunye nolunye uphawu. Iintsholongwane ezinxulumene neengcambu zengqondo ziba neempawu ezibahlula kwiintloko ezihlobene nezimo ezinzulu. Ezinye izibonakaliso zesifo somzimba zingabandakanya:
- Isihlunu kunye / okanye ukuhlanza
- Ukuxhamla
- Ukuphazamiseka kokubonakalayo nokuva
- Iingxaki ngememori
- Inkqubo yokucinga encinane
- Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, okanye umthwalo ongaqhelekanga
- Ukukhathala okanye ukulala ngokwaneleyo
- Utshintsho lwabantu
Ukuchonga iCarcer Cancer
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uxolisa ukuba une-tumor yeengqondo, uya kukuthumela ukuze ufumane imifanekiso ye-resonance magnetic (MRI). Olu vavanyo lokucinga lunika oogqirha umbono ongavamile wengqondo yakho kwaye unokuphela kokuvavanywa okufunekayo ukufumanisa ukuba kukho ubuchopho buchopho. Kwiimeko ezithile ezincinci, i-CT scan ingasetyenziswa. I-PET ihlola, enceda oogqirha ukuba babone umsebenzi wengqondo, kunokunceda ukuxilonga umhlaza wengqondo oyintloko kodwa unokuba luncedo xa kunxulumene nezifo zesifo se-metastatic.
Emva koko, i-brain biopsy iyalelwe ukuba iqinisekise ukuba naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo kunye nenhlobo yesifo seengqondo ezikhoyo. Ukuba iimvumi zikhona, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-MRI, nomhlaza onalo uhlobo lomhlaza owaziwayo ukuba ulungelelanise, ngoko-ke i-biopsy ayimfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, kunye neentlobo zomhlaza ezingasasazeka kwingqondo, i-biopy iyisisombululo esibalulekileyo sokuxilonga.
Ubomi be-Brain kaninzi luyenziwa njengenxalenye yonyango ukususa isisu. Iisampuli zesampula zingahlolwa kwigumbi lokusebenza, ukuvumela ugqirha ukuba enze isigqibo malunga nokuba uya kuqhubeka unyango okanye awuyi. Uvavanyo olubanzi oluninzi lwe-specimen ye-tumor luya kwenziwa kwakhona ngumhlaza wezilwanyana onokuthatha iintsuku eziliqela ukufumana iziphumo.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-biopsy evaliweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-stereotactic biopsy, eyenziwa xa i-tumor isendaweni yombilini onzima ukufikelela kuyo. Luhlobo oluthile olungenakonakala lwe-biopsy kodwa luthwala ingozi. Ixesha elithile lokutshiza (umpompo wompompo) ngamanye amaxesha lwenziwa kwakhona.
Izinketho zokuPhepha kunye noTyango
Iqela lonyango lakho liya kuba neurosurgeon, i-oncologist yezokwelapha, i-radiation oncologist, kunye ne-pathologist. Amalungu amanqaku amanqaku axhasayo njengamahlengikazi e-oncology kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo bahlanganisiwe.
Uhlobo lwe-tumor, indawo, kunye nebakala kuya kugqitywa isicwangciso sonyango. Unyango olusesikweni lunokwenzeka ngezinye izicubu, ngelixa ukunciphisa ukukhula okanye ukukhupha iimpawu ezinzima kunokuba ngumgomo wonyango kwabanye. Ngelishwa, ayikho enye inkcazo ephuculweyo yonyango yezinye izicubu zeengqondo.
Uphando olusondeleyo kwindlela yokwelapha i-tumor yonyango kubandakanya i-tumor resection (ukususa ngokupheleleyo) okanye ukukhwabanisa (ukususa okungangoko kunokwenzeka). Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lungaba yindlela yokwelapha kuphela efunekayo, kodwa abanye bangadinga iindlela zonyango ezifana nokunyanga kwamayeza. Ugqirha olulandelwa unyango lwamayeza luqhelekile kwiimvumi ezininzi.
Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kungasetyenziselwa yedwa okanye kulandelelaniswe ezinye izicubu zeengqondo. Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya iingxaki kunye nokulahlekelwa kwememori kunye nokugxininiswa. Ukuvuvukala kunokuba nomphumo wecala kunye, odla ukuphathwa nge-corticosteroids.
I-Chemotherapy ingasetyenziselwa kwezinye izicubu-ezifana ne- CNS i-lymphoma , i-gliomas, okanye i-medullablastomas-ezaziwa ngokuphendula kakuhle kwi-agents ze-chemotherapy. Ukunyanga ngekhemotherapy kuvame ukukhawulelwa ngenxa yokungakwazi kwamagciwane amaninzi okuwela i-blood- barrier barrier to reach the brain. Iziyobisi zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo zihlobo olutsha lonyango oluhlaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kumaseli omhlaza. I-Avastin (bevacizumab) yenye yeziyobisi ezisebenzayo ngokucima igazi kwi-tumor, okokuthi "kulambile" i-tumor.