Umhlaza wesibeleko uquka izifo ezimbalwa ezihlukeneyo, nangona i-renal cell carcinoma yindawo eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Ngokomlando, iimpawu zentlungu ye-flank (intlungu ehlangothini nangaphantsi kwezantsi), ubunzima besisu, kunye negazi emcinini beyona impawu ebonakalayo kakhulu, kodwa namhlanje ngokusoloko ikhunjulwa xa umntu edala i-anemia (i-red red count count) , okanye "ngengozi" xa ucinga ukuba iimvavanyo zenziwa kwenye imeko.
I-CT scan iyona vavanyo eqhelekileyo yokuhlola, nangona ezinye iingcamango zengcinga zenziwa kwakhona. Umhlaza wesibeleko uyingqayizivele kuloo ndlela yokuhlinzwa kungenziwa nangona ziimvumi eziphezulu. Zombini zijoliswe kwiipilisi kunye ne-immunotherapy iziyobisi zingasetyenziselwa, kunye ne-chemotherapy kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza okudlala indima encinci kunamanye amachiza.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza wengqondo kubandakanya:
- I-Renal cell carcinoma: I-Renal cell carcinomas yindlela eqhelekileyo yesifo somhlaza kunye neakhawunti ye-9 kwi-10 yezifo zesifo somhlaza.
- I-transitional cell carcinoma: I-akhawunti yesigxina ye-carcinomas akhawunti malunga neepesenti ezi-7 zeentsholongwane zentsholongwane. Zivela kwimihlobo efanayo yeeseli ezibandakanyeka kumhlaza wesisu, kunye ne-transitional cell carcinoma iphathwa ngokungakumbi njengomdlavuza wesibindi kune-renal cell carcinoma.
- Isiqhumane sikaWilm: Isiqhumane sikaWilm ngumhlaza ovame ukukhula ngexesha lobuncinci, kwaye phakathi kwimihlaza yesifo somntwana, ngokuqhelekileyo.
- I-sarcoma ye-Renal: I-Sarcoma yeentso yisifo esiqhekezayo esingaqhelekanga esiqala kwiisisombululo zesifo sezintso.
Le ngxoxo iya kugxininisa ngokuyinhloko kwi-celal cell carcinoma.
Iinjongo zeAnatomy kunye neMisebenzi
Ukukwazi okufutshane malunga ne-anatomy kunye nokusebenza kweentso kunokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi iimpawu zakho, kwaye uqonde ukuba umhlaza kule ndawo ungathintela njani umzimba wakho.
Iinjongo zenziwe ngamalungu amabini enobhontshisi, malunga nobukhulu becala elincinci. Intso nganye ikhona emva kwamalungu omzimba, kwicala ngalinye lomqolo, ngokulandelanayo. Abanye abantu baneentso nje kuphela, ngenxa yesiphene sokuzalwa okanye ukugula. Baya kuphila kakuhle kunye neentso ezilodwa, nje kuphela ukuba le ntliziyo isebenze.
Imisebenzi ephambili yeentso ukucoca ukungcola, ukususa amaminerali kunye netyuwa, nokususa amanzi amaninzi kwigazi lethu; zonke ezidityanisiweyo kumchamo. Phantse i-180 quarts (malunga ne-45 gallons) yegazi ihlanjululwe ngeentso zethu nsuku zonke, ukuvelisa malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-2 quarts yomchamo. Umchamo uze uhambe phantsi kweethubhu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ureters, kwaye zigcinwe kwi-bladder kuze kube yilapho ukuphuma (ukucoca).
Kwizintso zi ngaphezu kweetrafron, i-unit unit yeentso. I-nephron nganye yenziwe nge-glomerulus kunye ne-tubule. Umhlaza wesifo (i-renal cell carcinoma) kucatshangelwa ukuba ivela kwiibhola ze-nephron.
Iimpawu
Ngelishwa, iimpawu zomhlaza weentsholongwane azibonakali kude kube eso sifo siphumelele. Enyanisweni, uphawu oluqhelekileyo lokubonisa umdlavuza wezintso luloluhlu olubomvu lwama-blood ( anemia ). Xa iimpawu zivela, ezinye zazo zibandakanya:
- Igazi kumchamo , kubonakala emva kokucoca okanye i-microscopically.
- Ubunzima kwicala lesisu (ubunzima bomlenze).
- Ubunzima kwicala okanye ngaphantsi (ummandla we-flank).
- Umkhuhlane.
- Igazi elonyukayo.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenziyo .
Izizathu kunye neengozi zeChrotic Cancer
Nangona singaqinisekanga ngezizathu ezichanekileyo, abaphandi baye bafumanisa izinto ezinobungozi zomhlaza wengqondo . Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Ubudala: Umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wezintso ukhuphuke ngokudala, kunye neninzi ye-cell cell carcinomas eyenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. (Ngokwahlukileyo, isifo se-Wilm siqhelekileyo kubantwana.)
- Ukwabelana ngesondo: Umhlaza wesibeleko uvame kakhulu kumadoda kunabesifazane.
- Uhlanga: Umhlaza wesibeleko udla ngokuqhelekileyo kubomnyama nakumaNdiya aseMerika.
- Ukutshaya: Abantu abomileyo banomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza weengtso.
- Umsebenzi: Ukutyhila emsebenzini kwindawo yamachiza kunye nezinto ezifana ne-asbestos, benzene, kunye nokunye.
- Ukunyanya .
- Imbali yentsapho yengumdla weengso okanye iimpawu ezithile ze-genetic syndromes.
- Amanye amayeza.
Ukuchonga iChney Cancer
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza weengtso kunokunokukrokra ngokusekelwe kwi-anemia, igazi kumchamo, iimpawu zomzimba, kunye nokunye ukuhlolwa okungavumelekanga, kwaye kaninzi kwenziwa kunye nokudibanisa iimvavanyo zengqondo. Amaninzi amaninzi, ukufunyaniswa kwebunzima kwisifundo se-radiographic, njenge-X-ray, CT scan okanye i-MRI, ngexesha lokuphanda enye imeko kungakhokelela ugqirha ukuba agxobhise umhlaza wengqondo.
Uvavanyo lokuqala xa umlingo we-kidney ukhunjulwa ngokuqhelekileyo ube yi-ultrasound. I-ultrasound isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukudala umfanekiso, kwaye iyakwazi ukwahlula izicubu eziqinile kwi-cysts. I-CT (i-computerized tomography) mhlawumbi iyona vavanyo efanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa kunye nokugxilwa komhlaza wengqondo. I-CT isebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-x-ray ukudala umfanekiso wesithathu-ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komzimba. I-MRI (imagination magnontic resonance) ingenziwa kubantu abangakwazi ukufumana i-CT I-MRI isebenzisa imifanekiso egqibeleleyo kunokuba i-ray-ray. I-MRI iyanceda kwakhona ukuba i-tumor kucingelwa ukuba isasazeka kwiimvini ezondelene neentso. Ngamanye amaxesha i-PET iskena okanye i-scan scan isenziwa ukunceda ngokufaka isifo seengxaki zesifo.
Ngokungafani namathumba amaninzi, i-biopsy ayidingi ukufunyaniswa nomhlaza wesifo. I-biopsy, xa ifunekayo, inokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ivumela abathinteli ukuba babone ubukho bomzimba wamaseli phantsi kwe-microscope. Iisampuli zomhlaza wezintso ziwuncedo kakhulu ekukhokheni unyango ngezilwanyana ezijoliswe kuzo, kodwa zifumaneka rhoqo ngexesha lotyando lokunyanga umhlaza, kunokuba kusebenze ngexesha loxilongo.
Ukucwangcisa
Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu zingafuneka zenziwe ukuba zichane ukuba ngaba umhlaza wesifo usasazeke kwiisuncu eziseduze okanye kwezinye izitho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi. Umdlavuza weezintso ugxininiswe ngokulinganisa ubukhulu be-tumor, kunye naluphina ubungqina bokusasaza kwiimveliso ezikufuphi, okanye kwimimandla ekude yomzimba.
Unyango lweNtsholongwane yeChina
Unyango lomhlaza wesifo uxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, ezifana nempilo yakho jikelele, indawo yomhlaza kwiintsholongwane kunye nokunye.
Uninzi lwabantu abanomdlavuza weentso baya kuba nohlobo oluthile lotyando. Labo abanomdlavuza weengxaki ezisemgangathweni basemagqabini abancinci bokuhlinzwa, kodwa umdlavuza weengtso ngumnye wamathumba ambalwa apho ukuhlinzwa kunokuba luncedo nangona isifo se-metastatic (isigaba 4). Nangona utyando lunyango olukhethiweyo lweentsholongwane zentsholongwane, le nto inokuba nzima kubantu asebekhulile okanye abo baneemeko ezinzulu zempilo. Kulabo abangenakunyamezela ukuhlinzwa, unyango olunjenge-cryosurgery (ukucima i-tumor), okanye ukuxhoma kwe-radiofrequency (burning firestor), unokukhetha.
Izidakamizwa ezininzi ezijoliswe kunyango ziye zavunywa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwabanye abantu abanomdlavuza ophezulu wengqondo. Ezi zi yobisi zikhusela kwaye zikhusela ukukhula nokusabalala kweeseli ezibi. Benza oku ngokuphazamisa ngqo indlela echaphazelekayo ekukhuleni komhlaza, okanye ngokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi kufuneka ukubonelela i-tumor enezondlo (zivimbela i- angiogenesis ). Iziphumo zecala zalezi ziyobisi zihluke kwii-chemotherapy, kwaye zihlala zibhetele ngakumbi.
I-Immunotherapy , eyaziwa nangokuthi yonyango lwe-biologic, yindlela entsha yokonyango yomhlaza, esebenza ngokulula ngokuvuselela umzimba womzimba ukulwa namaseli omhlaza. Kukho iindidi ezimbalwa ezihlukeneyo zale michiza efunyenwe ukuba iyasebenza kwimiphunga yengqondo.
Ukongeza kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo zonyango ezifumanekayo, ngoku kukho izilingo ezininzi zeklinikhi eziqhubekayo, ukukhangela amatsha amatsha okanye amachiza angcono kunyango lomhlaza. Ngokungafani neengcamango zezilingo zekliniki abaninzi baye bakuva, ezinye zezilingo ngoku zibonelela abantu ithuba lokusebenzisa unyango olusenokuphucula iziphumo zabo. Kungaba luncedo ukugcina engqondweni ukuba yonke imithi esinawo ngomhlaza iye yafundiswa kwilingo lekliniki, kwaye ngexesha langoku, kokubili unyango, kunye neentsholongwane zokusinda, umhlaza wesifo uphucula.
Umlilo awusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengonyango lomhlaza wengqondo, kodwa ungasetyenziselwa "ukunyamekela," ukukhupha ukungaphumeleli kubangelwa yimiphumo yomhlaza. I-Chemotherapy inegalelo elincinci kuphela ekuchaseni i-renal cell carcinoma.
Ukunyamekela, ukunyamekela okujoliswe ekuphatheni iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi, kubaluleke kakhulu, kubantu abanobuhlungu bokuqala.
ILizwi
Ukuze ufumane umhlaza weengtso kumanqanaba okuqala, kuya kubaluleka ukuba abantu baqaphele iimpawu zesifo eso, kunye neengozi zabo. Xa kufunyanwe, kukho ezininzi iindlela zokwenza unyango.
Oko kwathiwa, i-ounce yothintelo ibetha isilidi yonyango, kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi ezilula abantu abanokuzenza ukuze banciphise umngcipheko wabo. Yeka ukutshaya okanye ungaqali, njengoko oku kuyingozi enkulu. Ingozi iyancipha xa uyeka, ngoko akukaze kuphele, kwaye kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuyeka ukutshaya emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza nangona ufumene ukuba unesifo. Thatha ixesha lokufunda malunga naziphi na iikhemikhali okanye ezinye izinto ozibonise kuwo emsebenzini, kwaye landela izilumkiso ezicetywayo. Ekugqibeleni, ukutya ukutya okunempilo ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo kubalulekile, njengoko ukukhuluphala kunomngcipheko weengcingo ezininzi, kungekhona nje umhlaza wentsholongwane.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. Iintsholongwane zeNtsholongwane.
> Bast, R., Croce, C., Hait, W. et al. I-Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. Wiley Blackwell, ngo-2017.
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweCancer Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -I-Professional Professional Version. Updated 04/05/18.