Ingqiqo yobukhulu
Igama elithi 'ukukhuluphala' liphonswa ngeenxa zonke, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kungenakucaca oko kuthetha ntoni. Ngaba libhekisela kunoma ubani ogqithiseleyo okanye unobunzima obunzima bokulahlekelwa? Okanye ingaphezu koko? Kukho inkcazo yonyango yokunyanyisa, kunye nokugqithisa, nokukwazi ukwahlukana kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho.
Kuyintoni Ubunzima?
Inkcazo yezokwelapha yokunyanya ukugqithisa ukubala ekubaleni kwe-index mass mass (BMI).
I-BMI eqhelekileyo ichazwa njengehla phakathi kwe-18.5 no-24.9 kilogram nganye ngamitha. Imeko eyaziwa ngokugqithisileyo njengoko ukugqithisa ngokweqile kuchazwa njenge-BMI ye-25.0 ukuya kwi-29.9, kwaye xa i-BMI ihlahlela i-30.0, leyo ibangela inkcazelo yezobugqirha ezisemthethweni. Ukuxilongwa kobutshiso obusondayo kusetyenziswa kwi-BMI ye-40.0 okanye ngaphezulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu, ukunyamezela ngoku kwaqatshelwa njengezifo kwaye ngokwalo. Ngo-2013, i-American Medical Association (AMA) ivakalise ngokusemthethweni njengolu hlobo, ivuma "impembelelo enkulu yabantu kunye nezoqoqosho ekunyanyeni njengoko kufuna ukuba unyango, uphando kunye nemfundo ingqalelo kwezinye izifo zonyango jikelele."
Enyanisweni, ubhubhane obutyebisayo ngenye yeengxaki zempilo zikarhulumente zexesha lethu. Ngokutsho kwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), abantu abangaphezu kweyibhiliyoni ehlabathini lonke baninzi kakhulu, kwaye ubuncinane izigidi ezi-300 zala bantu abadala bahlangabezana nencazelo yonyango yokunyanya. Ukongezelela, i-WHO iqikelela ukuba ukunyamezela kubangela iipesenti ezimbini ukuya kweyesithandathu kwiindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwiintlanga ezininzi ezinokuphuhliswa, kwaye ukuxhaphaka kwazo kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu kuye kwaphindwa kathathu ukusuka kuma-1980. Nangona iimeko eziphuhliswayo ngoku zichaphazeleka kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, zibona izinga lokunyuka kuninzi kunye nokukhuluphala okukhawuleza kunokuba kwiintlanga eziphuhlisiwe.
Izinto Ezinhlanu Ukuba Ukwazi Ngokunyaniseka
1) Kukho ezininzi Iimbangela zokunyanyisa
Ezinye ziyimfuza , kwaye ezininzi zendalo. Izizathu zendalo ziquka izinto zokuphila ezinjengokukhokela ukuhlala kwindlela yokuphila , ukutya okutyiswayo , ukutya ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nokungaboni ngokwaneleyo, phakathi kwabanye. Amanye amayeza kunye neemeko zonyango kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima.
2) Ukunyaniseka kuya kupheliswa
Njengazo ezininzi izifo ezingapheliyo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela kunye nesifo senhliziyo (ezo zombini zidibaniswa nokukhuluphala), ukukhuluphala kuninzi-ukuba akunakuphepheka ngokupheleleyo.
Amanqanaba okuthintela ukukhuluphala kubandakanya ukuqaphela izinto ezinobungozi , ukuphaphama ngokunamathela ekudleni okunempilo , ukwenza ixesha lokuzilolonga kwansuku zonke, nokuqhubeka unyaka wonke.
3) Ukunyanya ubukhulu kungumngcipheko weMngcipheko kwiiNgxaki eziMnye
Ukugqithisa ubukhulu kunye nokukhululeka kunxulumene neentlobo ezininzi zesifo somhlaza, isifo senhliziyo, isifo soxinzelelo , uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi , isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo sikashukela, kunye nokungabikho komntwana . Ngelishwa, kwaye mhlawumbi ngokokuqala ngqa kwimbali, ukugqithisa ngokweqile kunye nokunyamezela ngoku sele kuxanduva lokufa okungakumbi emhlabeni jikelele kunokungondleki okanye ukungaphantsi komzimba.
Ehlabathini lonke, ngokweengxelo ze-OMS, i-44 ekhulwini yesifo sikashukela, i-23 ekhulwini yesifo senhliziyo, kunye ne-41 ekhulwini yee-cancer ezithile zibangelwa ukugqithisa nokugqithisa.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ukulahlekelwa isisindo kunye nokunyanga kokunyanya kunokuthi kuphelise ingozi. Uphando lufumene ukuba ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti ama-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini kwindleko engaphezulu kunokubangela ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wezifo ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwansuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esifanelekileyo, kunemiphumo enokufikelela kwimpilo.
4) Ubunzima bebuntwaneni yiNgxaki yeMpilo yehlabathi
Ukunyamezeka kwabantwana kuye kwenyuka eUnited States iminyaka emininzi ngoku, kwaye, ngokutsho kwe-American Heart Association (AHA), malunga nabantwana abathathu kunye nabaselula banokugqithisa okanye baninzi kakhulu.
Njengoko i-AHA ibona, eli nqanaba liphantse ngokuphindwe kathathu oko kwakungoku-1963. Enyanisweni, ukukhuluphala komntwana kuye kwasongela kakhulu kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantwana ukuba i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics inayo yonke iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekukhuselweni nasekunyangeni.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kunzima ukuba nayiphi na umzali ave. Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba umntwana wakho unokuba nokukhululeka okanye ukukhuluphala, qiniseka ukuba uxoxe ngokukhathazeka kwakho nomntwana wengane yakho kwaye ucele uncedo ngamaqhinga angakhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo esifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho kunye nemeko yakho.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unikwe ukuxilongwa kokunyanya, unokusebenza nomntanakho ngendlela enhle yokwenza umsebenzi womzimba wemihla ngemihla ujonge kakhulu (ingakumbi ukuba unako ukufikelela kwimfundo yempilo esikolweni), nokukhuthaza ukutya okunempilo imikhwa. Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhuthaza imikhuba enempilo kwieholide eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweswekile, njengeHalloween kunye nePasika, kwaye yenza kube yinto ephambili ekudleni ekhaya rhoqo.
Qaphela kwakhona ukuphelisa iziyobisi ezidliwayo ekudleni komntwana wakho, kwaye ujonge imisebenzi enobomi enokubandakanya ukuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle.
5) Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango zikhoyo ngoku zikhulu
Ezi zinto zivela ekudleni kunye nokuguquka kwendlela yokuphila kwimishanguzo yokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi, izixhobo zonyango, kunye neenkqubo zokugonywa ezibangelwa ukulahleka kwesisindo, njengophando lwe-bariatric.
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Ngaba Kukho Unxibelelwano Phakathi Kwamandla Am and My Migraines?
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Yintoni eyahlukileyo phakathi kobunzima obukhulu kunye nobunzima?
Ngokwezikhokelo ze-obesity 2013 ezikhutshwe yi-AHA, i-American College of Cardiology (ACC), kunye ne-Obesity Society (TOS), utyando lwe-bariatric lukhethwa ngabantu abanokugqithiseleyo abaye bazama ukutshintsha ukutya kunye nokuguqulwa kwezilwanyana kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi , kwaye unayo i-BMI engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu, okanye i-BMI ye-35 okanye ngaphezulu nangomnye umqathango wezokwelapha owaziwayo obangelwa kukukhuluphala.
EUnited States, uhlobo oluthandwayo olugqithiseleyo lwe-bariatric surgery (eyaziwa nangokuthi "utyando lokulahleka kwesisindo") inkqubo yendlela yokugaya isisu (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sleeve gastrectomy).
Ukuba uye wafunyanwa ngokutsha nobunzima
Unokuba ubale i-BMI yakho usebenzisa nayiphi na inombolo ye-calculators ye-BMI ye-intanethi ngaphandle apho kwaye uzimisele ukuba unesisindo, okanye mhlawumbi uye watshelwa ngugqirha wakho okanye omnye ugqirha wezempilo.
Kungcono ukuxoxa malunga namanyathelo akho alandelayo kunyanga ukunyameka kwakho kufuneka abe kunye nodokotela wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshintsha kokutya kwakho kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi kuya kuphakanyiswa kuqala.
Kukho amaqela enkxaso kunye neenethwekhi ezinokukunceda. Ukutya abantu abangabonakaliyo, umzekelo, liqela lenkxaso eluntwini elungiselelwe kwiprogram ye-12. Iintlanganiso zenziwa kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye amalungu angakwazi ukuhlala engaziwa.
Ukongezelela, ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba ngumdla wokulutha , kukho i-Addicts Foods engaziwa, elinye iqela lokuxhasa elinokukunceda, ingakumbi ukuba ufumana utyhafisa ukutya okanye uxhamla kwisidlo ngenxa yezizathu zomzwelo.
Into ebalulekileyo ukuba uyikhumbule kukuba ukunyamezela kuyaphathwa. Nangona kuya kuthatha ukuzinikezela nokuzibophezela kwinqanaba lakho, kunye neenguqu ezinzulu nezicatshulwa kakuhle kwiindlela zakho zokuphila, awufanele ulahleke-iingenelo zempilo yakho yexesha elide zibaluleke gqitha.
Khumbula ukuba uphando lufumene ukuba ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti ama-5 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini lomzimba wakho ubunzima xa ukhuluphele okanye ukhuluphele ungenza umehluko omkhulu kwimpilo yakho. Ezi ziquka ukuphuculwa kwimiba yengozi yeesifo senhliziyo, ezifana ne-cholesterol ephakamileyo kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi, kwakunye nomngcipheko owancitshiswa kakhulu wokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela .
Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo Zokuqwalasela
Ukuba ufumene unyango, qiniseka ukuba ungayifumana nayiphi na imisebenzi yegazi lakho ugqirha ugqirha, ikakhulukazi iswekile yegazi, isibindi, kunye nesifo se-thyroid, esinokufumanisa izifo ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala.
Ngokutsho kwe-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokutshekisha iswekile yegazi kunconywa kubantu abadala abanesisindo okanye ukukhuluphala kwaye baphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwe-70. Ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuya kwenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka njengenxalenye yesifundo sempilo esiqhelekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko we-cardiovascular risk.
ILizwi
Ukuphila ngokukhuluphala kunokuba nzima. Kodwa khumbula-ngethamsanqa, ukukhuluphala kunokunyangwa kwaye kunokutshintshwa. Naluphina utshintsho oluncinane onokuyenza luya kuba lufanele. Oku kungenziwa ngokutya kunye nokuguquka kwendlela yokuphila, imichiza, iinkqubo zokugqirha, okanye ukudibanisa oku ngasentla. AWUKHO wedwa. Khumbula ukuba, ekunikezeni ukuphakama okuphezulu nokugqithisa kakhulu emhlabeni namhlanje, uninzi lwabantu baseUnited States kunye neenxa zonke zehlabathi babelana ngalolu hambo kwaye lo mzabalazo nawe. Ungaze uncame.
> Imithombo:
> I-AHA / ACC / i-TOS Isikhokelo soLawulo lokuPhulukisa nokuPhulukisa kwaBantu abadala: I-Re > port > ye-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force kwi-Practice Guidelines kunye ne-Obesity Society [epapashwe kwi-intanethi ngoNovemba 27, 2013] . Ukuhamba.
> I-American Medical Association House yabathunywa: ISigqibo 420 - Ukuqaphela ukunyameka njengeSifo. Ufikelele kuMatshi 7, 2014. I-Jensen MD, uRyan DH, i-Apovian CM, kunye ne-al.
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> Ogden CL, iCarroll MD, i-Kit BK, i-KM engekhoyo. Ukunyuka kobuntwana kunye nobukhulu be-Adult in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014; 311 (8): 806-814.
> Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC, et al. Ukunciphisa amathuba okuphila kwi-United States ekhulwini lama-21. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1128-1145.
> Siu AL; I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa kweGlucose yegazi engavumelekanga kunye nohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela Mellitus: I-Statement yeNkcazo yeNkcazo ye-US Preventive Force. Ann Intern Med 2015; 163: 861-8.
> Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Ukuthintela Uhlobo lweSibini lwesifo sikashukela esiTyhutyayo ngeZitshintsho kwiNdlela yokuPhila phakathi kweziNdlu ezinexinzelelo lwe-Glucose tolerance. N Eng J Med 2001; 344: 1343-1350.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. 10 Iingqinisiso malunga nokunyanya. Ifumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-http: //www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index3.html ngo-Oktobha 2, 2014.