Ukuqonda indlela i-COPD ikhula ngayo kwaye ichaphazela izakhi zakho zeLung
Isifo sokuphefumula esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary (COPD) i-pathophysiology iyigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza utshintsho olwenziwayo kwimiphunga ngenxa yenkqubo yesifo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono imiphunga yephunga ekhoyo kwiCOPD, funda malunga nokusebenza kwemiphunga ejwayelekile.
Indlela Imilenze Yakho isebenza ngayo
Isibonda sesifuba sinemiphunga emibini: enye ngakwesokunene sesifuba nesinye ngakwesobunxele.
Umphunga ngamnye uqulunqwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo abizwa ngokuthi i-lobes. Ilungelo lempompo linama-three lobes; ekhohlo kuphela. I-lobe nganye iyahlukana ngokwengeziwe ibe ngamacandelwana kunye nee-lobules. Indawo phakathi kwemiphunga equlethe intliziyo, iinqanawa ezinkulu, kunye ne-oopopus kuthiwa yi- mediastinum . Isethi yamatye, okanye i-airways, ikhulula i-oxygen kwicandelo ngalinye lomphunga.
Njengoko uphefumula, umoya ufaka inkqubo yakho yokuphefumula ngokusebenzisa izibilini zakho. Emva koko kudlula i-nasopharynx (indawo yomqala emphefumlweni emva kwempumlo) kunye ne-oropharynx (indawo emqaleni emlonyeni). Ezi zakhiwo zenza i-airways ephezulu, ehlanganiswe ne-mucosa eciliated. Olu lukhuselo olumanzi olumanzi oluqulethe ezinjengezinwele ezincinci ezinceda ukufudumala nokukhupha i-oksijini ephazamisekileyo kwaye uncedise ekukhutshweni kweengqungquthela zamanye amazwe kunye ne-mucus engaphezulu.
Umoya uyaqhubeka nge-larynx (ibhokisi yezwi)-isakhiwo esidibanisa umoya ophezulu nangaphantsi-uze uhla nge-trachea (i-windpipe), edibanisa i-larynx kwi-bronchi.
I-bronchi yimizila ehamba phambili emiphakeni eyaphela emva kweendlela ezincinane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchioles. Ngokubambisana, i-bronchi kunye ne-bronchioles yakha umthi onqabileyo. I-bronchioles iphelela kwiindawo ezinobumba, ezikhokelela kwizikhwama ze-alveolar ezenziwe zizigidi ze-alveoli. I-alveoli yizona zakhiwo eziphambili zegesi ezitshintshisayo kwimiphunga, apho i-oksijeni ingena kwigazi kunye ne- carbon dioxide isuswa.
Zonke ezi zakhiwo zisebenza kunye njengendlela yokuphefumula .
Injongo yeeLung
Imiphunga yenziwe ngamagqabi, e-elastic fibers evumela ukuba batwebise kwaye baqine xa siphefumula nangaphandle, ngokulandelanayo. Injongo yemiphunga iphindwe kabini: ukuhambisa i-oksijeni (O2) kwiiseli kunye nezicubu zomzimba kunye nokususa i-carbon dioxide (CO2), umonakalo wokuphefumula, ukusuka egazini. I-oksijeni, isondlo esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni, inceda umzimba wakho uphendule ukutya oya kukutya kuwo kwaye, efana nokugqithiswa kwemoto, i-CO2 isuswe emzimbeni wakho rhoqo xa uphuma.
Ukuqonda i-COPD Pathophysiology
I-COPD ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okungenakuguqulwa. Ukuqhelana okungapheliyo ukubhema utshayi yeso sizathu sesifo , kodwa ukuphindaphinda ngokutsha komsi , ukucoceka komoya kunye nokuxhamla emsebenzini (ukushisa amalahle, ikotoni, okusanhlamvu) nazo ziyimingcipheko ebalulekileyo.
Ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo kudlala indima enkulu kwi-COPD pathophysiology. Ukubhema kunye nezinye izinto ezibangelwa ngumoya zibangelwa i-neutrophils, i-T-lymphocytes, kunye nezinye iiseli ezivuthayo ukuqokelela kwi-airways. Xa sele kusebenze, baqalisa impendulo yokuvuvukala apho i-molecule yamanzi, eyaziwa njengabalamli abavuthayo, bahamba baye kwisayithi ngenzame yokutshabalalisa nokususa i-debris engaphandle.
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, impendulo evuzayo iyakunceda kwaye ikhokelela ekuphiliseni. Enyanisweni, ngaphandle kwayo, umzimba awuyi kuphinda uhlawule. Kwi-COPD, ukubonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindlela yokuhamba ngomoya okuqhubela phambili kuqhubeka nokuphendula okuqhubekayo okuvuthayo okungazange kubonakale kuvalekile. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le nqubo ibangela utshintsho lwezakhiwo zomzimba kunye nolwasemzimbeni oluqhubeka lubi kakhulu.
Njengoko ukuvuvukala kuyaqhubeka, i-airways igxininise, ibe yincinci kakhulu kwaye igubungele. Oku kukhokelela ekuveleni kwemveliso ye-mucus kunye nokusebenza kakubi kwe-cilia-inhlanganisela eyenza imvume yokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ilukhuni ngakumbi.
Xa abantu abaneCOPD bengenakukwazi ukucacisa iimfihlo zabo, bahlakulela iimpawu eziphawulekayo zeCOPD , kubandakanywa ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo , ukuqhuma , kunye ne- dyspnea. Ekugqibeleni, ukwakheka kwe-mucus kubangele iqela leebhaktheriya ezikhula kwaye zandise kwindawo efudumeleyo, enobuninzi bomoya kunye nemiphunga. Isiphumo sokuphela sisinye ukuvuvukala, ukwakheka kwe-diverticula (iifolo-like like bags) kwisihlahla somhlaza, kunye nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yebhaktheriya , isifo esiqhelekileyo se- COPD ukukhushulwa .
COPD Treatment
Injongo ephambili ye- COPD unyango , kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiliphi uhlobo lwe-COPD, kukuphucula umgangatho wobomi , ukucotha ukuqhubeka kwesifo, ukulawula iimpawu zeCOPD, nokukhusela ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD.
Akukho nanye into eyenza ubunzima bokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kweCOPD kunokuphelisa ukutshaya . Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka i- antibiotics (kulabo abanobungqina bentsholongwane ye-bacteria), i- bronchodilators engabonakaliyo , i-corticosteroids, unyango lwe-aerosol, unyango lwe - oksijeni, unyango lwama-oxygen ukuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo ethile, ukungenelela ngophengululo .
Umthombo:
> COPD. I-Heart Heart, i-Lung, ne-Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd.