Ukuqaphela iimpawu zesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary (COPD) kwaye ukufumana ukuba sifumaneka ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ngenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni kweCOPD. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuqhuma, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala, ukuvelisa i-phlegm, kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula, ezinokusukela kumnxeba ukuya kunzima, kuxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo. Ngoxa i-COPD idla ngokuthe gqolo, kuqhelekile ukuba kunzima xa iimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu ixesha. Ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka kweempawu ezingaphakamisa ukuba ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kunokuphucula iziphumo zesifo.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Iimpawu zeCOPD eziphawulwayo azibonakali kude kube eso sifo siphumelele kwaye sele usuvele ungene umonakalo wamaphaphu. Abantu abafumene unyango kwaye baqala unyango lwe-COPD ngaphambili kweso sifo banokuba nokuhlaselwa kwangcono, ngoko ke ukuba nayiphi na impawu zeCOPD ezivakalayo eziqhelekileyo, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze ahlalutye.
Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
Ukuphefumla okufutshane (dyspnea) uphawu oluphawulekayo lweCOPD kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo uphawu lokuqala luzovela. Ukuphefumla okufutshane ngenxa yeemeko zonyango kunokuchazwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa abantu abaninzi abaneCOPD bachaza i-dyspnea njengento efana nokuphefumula okanye ukuphefumla. Abanye abantu bachaza ukuvakalelwa "njengendlala yomoya."
Ekuqaleni, unokufumana kuphela i-dyspnea xa uzikhandla. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko eso sifo siqhubeka, i-dyspnea ingenzeka nangona uphumla. Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi- MMRC dyspnea isiqhelo sisoloko sisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukulinganisa le miqondiso ukuze ubenokukhetha ukhetho olungcono kunyango ukuba unayo iCOPD.
Njengempawu, i-dyspnea yiyona nto ibangela ukukhathazeka, ukukhubaza isici seCOPD. Ngombulelo, kukho ukuphefumula , kunye neengcebiso zokutya , ezinokukunceda kakhulu ukujamelana ne-dyspnea.
Isiqhamo esingapheliyo
Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo ku-COPD ngowona elide kwaye awubonakali ukuhamba. Ngokomzimba, ichazwa njengengqungquthela ehlala ixesha elingangeeyivezi ezisibhozo. Nangona ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kuqhelekile kubantu abano-COPD, kukho ezinye ezininzi izizathu zokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , kwaye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezinye izizathu ezinzulu zibangelwa ngaphandle.
Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuyisimboli sokuqala sesi sifo kodwa sisona esiluncedo ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abantu bathi banokutshaya ( ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ,) kunye nezinye izinto ezingqongileyo.
Ukukhwehlela kunye neCOPD ingaba yomileyo (engeyiyo ikhiqiza) okanye ivelise i-mucus. Ngezinye iintlobo zeCOPD, njenge- bronchitis engapheliyo , ukukhwehlela kwenzeka rhoqo imihla kwaye ihambelana nomveliso we-mucus. Ekuqaleni, ukukhwehlela kungabikho phakathi, kodwa njengoko isifo sifana, sinokuthi sibe khona imihla ngemihla.
Sputum (Phlegm) Ukuveliswa
I-sputum , ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucus okanye iphlegm, yinto ekhuselekileyo eyenziwa yimiphunga yakho ekuncedeni ekubanjweni nasekukhutsheni iincinci zangaphandle. I-sputum ifihliwe iiseli ezihamba nge-airways (i- bronchi ne- bronchioles ) kwaye ixoshwa ngokukhwehlela okanye ukucima umqala wakho.
Abantu abahlala neCOPD bavame ukuvelisa inani elincinci le-sputum elinyanisekileyo xa bekhwehlela. Iimbangela zokuvelisa i-mucus ziquka zombini ukuveliswa kwemveliso ngamaseli e-airways (amangqamuzana e-goblet) kunye nokunciphisa amandla okususa umquba ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwemisebenzi ye-cilia, izakhiwo ezincinci ezinjengeenqwelo ezinjengeenkomfa zomoya ezisebenza ngendlela ejikelezayo. izinto ezibanjwe kwi-phlegm ukuya emlonyeni wakho ukuba ugonywe.
Isixa esikhulu se-sputum esicacileyo sisoloko sihambelana nosulelo lwe-bacterial lung infection , olunokunyusa iimpawu zeCOPD . Umbala kunye nokuvumelana kwe-sputum kungatshintshwa xa kukho ukusuleleka kwebhaktheriya.
Ukugubha
Ukuvuthwa kudla ngokuchazwa njengomsindo womsindo owevakalayo ngexesha lokuvuthwa kunye / okanye ukuphuma. Kubangelwa ukunciphisa okanye ukucinywa kwee-airways zakho. Ukuvuthwa kunakho okanye kungahambelani nezandi ezingaqhelekanga ezivezwe nge-stethoscope.
Ubunzima bebhokisi
Ukunyamezela esifubeni kunokukunika uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwiindonga zesifuba ezenza ukuphefumula ngokuzenzekelayo kunzima. Ubungqina bentsimbi buya kuba khona xa kukho isifo kwimiphunga yakho kwaye inokubangela ukuphefumula okubuhlungu ( intlungu yesifuba se-pleuritic ), kubangela ukuba ukuphefumla kube mfutshane kwaye kungacaci.
Izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula
Olunye uphawu oluqhelekileyo lweCOPD luhlala luba neqanda, umkhuhlane, kunye / okanye i-pneumonia. I-COPD yenza ufumaneke ngakumbi kwezi zifo kuba awukwazi ukucima imiphunga yakho kakuhle.
Ukukhathala
Ukukhathala okuhambelana neCOPD kwahluke kunokhathala ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kuqondwa kakubi kwaye kaninzi kungabonakaliyo kweCOPD yinto engaphenduli kakuhle kwendebe yekhofi okanye ukulala ubusuku obuhle. Ngokubanzi, ukukhathala kukuphindwe kathathu kubantu abaphethwe yisifo somphunga kunabo bangenawo. Ngelixa i-dyspnea yimiqondiso ephazamisayo kunabo bonke abaneCOPD, ukukhathala kungomnye wezinto ezidakisayo. Kungaphezulu kunomsindo, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ukukhathala okuhambisana neCOPD kwandisa umngcipheko wokubhedlelelwa kwezibhedlele.
Iimpawu ezinamandla
Kukho iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa i-COPD yakho inzima okanye uhlala kwizigaba ezilandelayo zesifo.
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokulahlekelwa kwesidlo
Nangona uzuko lobunzima buninzi kwingxaki kwiinqanaba zokuqala zeCOPD ekubeni unganamsebenzi omncinci, ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo ziimeko eziqhelekileyo kwizigaba eziphambili zesifo.
Xa zingakhange ziqwalaselwe, ezi zimpawu zingakhokelela ekungondlekeni , imeko enzulu engasongela ubomi. Ukulahleka kwesondlo kunye nokulahlekelwa ngento engenzi ngokuzikhethela ziyimpawu eziqinisekisa ukuba uphando, njengoko zinokubonisa ukuba ezinye izifo zikhona, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu okanye isifo sofuba sesifo sofuba . I-COPD iyingozi emele ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , oko kuthetha ukuba iphakamisa umngcipheko nokuba awuzange uphuze.
Ukutya okunempilo kubalulekile kunoma ubani, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu xa uneCOPD. Uninzi lwama-pulmonologists ngoku lucebisa ukuncedisa okunomsoco kwizigulane zabo ngeCOPD, ngoko ukuba ugqirha wakho akakunconyanga, unokuba ufuna ukucela ukuthunyelwa.
I-Atrophy
I-Cachexia yimeko equka ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokulahleka kwemisipha kwaye yimbangela ebalulekileyo yokufa kubantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo.
Ukuvuvukala
Unokubona ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, emaqotsheni, kunye / okanye ezinyaweni njengoko isifo sifana okanye ukuba i-COPD yakho inzima.
Iingxaki
Zininzi iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yeCOPD. Ukukwazi ngabo kunokukunceda uhlale phezulu kwiimpawu zakho kwaye unyango ngokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka.
Izifo ezithintekayo zokuphefumula
Ukuba neCOPD yenza ukuba ulungele ukufumana izifo zokuphefumula ezifana nokubandayo, umkhuhlane, okanye i-pneumonia. Oku kunokuba yingozi xa uneCOPD kuba ezi zifo ziyakonakalisa umonakalo wakho emaphaphini. Kubalulekile ukufumana umkhuhlane wakho uphendulele unyaka ngamnye kwaye uthethe ugqirha wakho malunga nokufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwe-pneumococcal ngokunceda ukunciphisa inani lezonyango ozithathayo.
Ukuxhalabisa nokuxinezeleka
Iimpembelelo zemoya zeCOPD , ngokuxhalabisa kunye nokudandatheka, zidlalwa ngqalelo. Ezi zimpawu zibalulekile kungekhona nje ngenxa yempembelelo yabo kwimpumelelo yobomi bakho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zandisa ingozi ye- COPD yokukhushulwa kunye nenqanaba lempilo elihluphekayo ngokubanzi.
Ukuhlaselwa kwesohlwayo kuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abaneCOPD kwaye kunokukhokelela kumjikelezo onobungozi xa kuhlanganiswe ukuphefumula okufutshane. Funda ngezinye iindlela zokulawula ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic kwi-COPD nangona ungenalo ukuhlaselwa ngokukrakra.
Amachiza kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha ezingekhoyo-pharmacy zikhoyo ezinokukunceda ukunciphisa uxhala kunye nokuxinezeleka okuhambisana neCOPD, ngamanye amaxesha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uxinzelelo, okanye zombini, okanye uqaphela nayiphi na imiphumo yesifo sakho, khuluma nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga neendlela zokonyango.
Isifo sentliziyo
Ukuba neCOPD inokwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo. Ukubhema kunokuba negalelo kule nto, ngoko ukuyeka ukunceda.
Uxinzelelo lwe-Hypertension
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimibhobho emiphakeni yakho, ebizwa ngokuba yingozi ye-pulmonary, ingxaki eqhelekileyo yeCOPD, ingakumbi kwizigaba eziphambili zesifo. Iimpawu zifana neempawu zeCOPD kwaye zivame ukufunyanwa nge-imaging kunye / okanye iimvavanyo zebhu.
Umhlaza wemiphunga
Ukuba neCOPD ithetha ukuba umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamaphaphu uphezulu. Ukuba uyeka ukutshaya, oku kunokukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
Ngexesha lokuya kwisibhedlele
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unayo i-COPD, kufuneka wenze i-aphoyintimenti kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uxoxe ngeempawu zakho. Unako ukulawula okanye ukuxilonga i-COPD kwaye unokuqalisa ngokunyango.
Kufuneka ufune unyango loxinzelelo olukhawulezayo xa uhlakulela nayiphi na yale mpawu:
- Imibhede yeminwe yakho okanye imilomo yakho ijika eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-gray, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis, nto leyo ithetha ukuba izinga le-oxygen egazini lakho liphantsi.
- Awukwazi ukubamba umoya wakho okanye unzima ukuthetha.
- Awuyivalelanga ngengqondo, ngakumbi xa abanye bebona.
- Intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> Han MK, uDransfield MT, uMartinez FJ. Izifo eziPhephayo eziPhezulu eziPhephayo: Iingcaciso, iMiboniso yeZliniki, ukuchonga, kunye nokuSingatha. Isemgangathweno. Ihlaziywe ngoJanuwari 11, 2018.
> Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi . ENew York: iMacGraw Hill Education; 2015.
> Clinical Mayo. I-COPD: Iimpawu nezizathu. Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 11, 2017.
> Miravitilles M, Ribera A. Ukuqonda iMpembelelo yeMpawu kwiMithwalo yeCOPD. Uphando loPhepha . 2017; 18 (1): 67. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12931-017-0548-3.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. COPD. Isizwe seZiko lezeMpilo. IiNkonzo zezeMpilo zaseMzantsi Afrika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu