Nangona ukutshaya yimbangela ebalulekileyo yokugula okungapheliyo kwe-pulmonary disease (COPD), ixesha elide, ukunyanzeliswa kweminye yindlela yokukhupha umoya, kunye negalelo elingaphantsi, i-genetics, inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo. Ezi zizo zonke iingozi zokuphuhlisa i-COPD, kunye nobudala, imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezifo.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Kukho izimbangela ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuphuhliswa kweCOPD.
Ukubhema: Le yile nombolo enye yeCOPD. I-American Lung Association iqikelela ukuba ama-85 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini kwiimeko zeCOPD zihlobene nokubhema umsi wecuba, nokuba ngaba ngumsi wesibambiso okanye ukutshaya utshayi wecala. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abangakhange bavume bangahlakulela iCOPD ngokunjalo.
Ukuboniswa komsebenzi: Ukubonakaliswa kweekhemikhali kunye nezinto ezinjengothuli lwamashanga wamalahle, iigesi kunye ne-silica kwindawo yokusebenzela, ngokukodwa ixesha elide, linye yezona zinto ezibangela iCOPD ngaphandle kokutshaya.
Ukungcola komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle : Ukuchitha ixesha elide ukungcoliseka komoya, ngokukhatyiswa kwiimpumu zokupheka nokufudumeza kwiindawo ezingekho kakuhle umoya, kubangelwa esinye isizathu, njengokuba kubakho ixesha elide lokungcoliswa komoya.
I-Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Ukusilela: Ukulahleka kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) yintlupheko ezuze ilifa elijongene nenani elincinci lamatyala e-COPD.
Iquka amanqanaba aphantsi eprotheni ye-AAT, enceda ukukhusela imiphunga yakho. Ukuba unako ukukhubazeka kwe-AAT, ingaba awukho okanye uphazamise umpompo okanye uneminye imiphunga yamaphaphu, unokuhlakulela i-COPD ngenxa yokuba umzimba wakho ungenzi iprotheni eyaneleyo yokukhusela imiphunga yakho kumonakalo. I-COPD ngenxa yokusilela kwe-AAT isoloko ifunyaniswa kwisithuba esincinane kuneCOPD ebangelwa ukutshaya.
Ukuba uneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-45 kwaye ufumene unyango lwe-COPD, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba uvavanyo olulula lwegazi ukugqiba ukuba i-COPD yakho ibangelwa kukuntuleka kwe-AAT , njengokuba ukhetho lwezokwelapha luhluke kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zonyango.
I-asthma: ngamanye amaxesha abantu abane-asthma bahlakulela iCOPD. I-asthma, equka ukuvuvukala kunye nokunciphisa indlela ohamba ngayo, ngokuqhelekileyo yimeko yokuguqulwa ngonyango.
Genetics
Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngazo, ukuba ne-alpha-1-antitrypsin ukusilela kunokuba yimbangela yengozi yeCOPD. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ukuba unomntakwabo ophethe i-COPD kwaye utshaya, ukhululeke kakhulu ukuba ube nemida yokukhutshwa komoya. Ezinye izakhi zegesi ziye zaxhunyaniswa nokunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu ngokunjalo, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba nayiphi na iilezi zendalo zijongene nokuphuhliswa kweCOPD.
Izinto zobungozi
Kukho izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nezimbangela ezininzi, ezinxulumene nokuphuhlisa i-COPD, ezinye zazo ezinokulawula.
Umsi wecuba: Nangona ubungozi buhluke kubantu abahlukeneyo, ukuba ushiye umsi kunye neepakethe ezininzi ozibhemayo, ziphakamisa umngcipheko wakho wokuphuhlisa i-COPD. Ukubhema i-cigars, iipayipi kunye ne-marijuana kwandisa umngcipheko wakho, njengokuba kuvezwa ngumsi weselula.
Ukuba unembali yentsapho yeCOPD, unokukwazi ukuphuhlisa kwakhona.
I-asthma: Ukuba une-asthma kwaye uyashunqisa, uphando lubonisa ukuba umngcipheko wakho wokuphuhlisa i-COPD unokuba ngamaxesha angama-12 aphezulu ngaphezu kwalabo abangenayo i-asthma kunye nomsi.
Ixesha elide ukubonakalisa i-Irritants: Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide kwimiphunga yamaphaphu efana neekhemikhali, uthuli, okanye i-fumes esuka kwindawo yakho yokusebenzela, umsi wesibindi, okanye ukungcola komoya kwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-COPD. Ukuba usebenza neenxeba, khuluma nomqeshi wakho malunga nokuzikhusela.
Ubudala: Njengoko i-COPD ikhula ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka, abaninzi abantu bancinane ubuncinane xa bexilongwa.
Ukongezelela, njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, indlela yakho yokuhambahamba ngayo ibonakala ihamba kwezinye iinguqulelo ezifanayo ezifumaneka kwiCOPD.
I-Bronchitis engapheliyo: Ukuba ungumntu osemdala kwaye unomhlaza oshushu kunye nomsi, ithuba lakho lokuphuhlisa i-COPD liphezulu.
Isimo soLuntu: Ukuba nesimo sezantsi sentlalo sikhombisa ingozi eyongezelelweyo yokuphuhlisa i-COPD, kodwa abaphandi abaqinisekanga ukuba kutheni. Oku kunxulumene nokutya okungondlekiyo, ukusuleleka, ukunyanzeliswa kwezibilini, okanye iziphumo zokutshaya, okuqhelekileyo kwimimiselo engezantsi yezoqoqosho.
Izifo: Ukuba unembali yobunzima bokungakhusela abantwana, oku kunokukubeka engozini ephezulu yokuphuhlisa i-COPD. Ukuba nesifo sofuba sinomngcipheko kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngaphezu kweCOPD. Ukuba unentsholongwane yomzimba (i-HIV), le nto inokuphinda iqhube ukuphuhliswa kweCOPD ebangelwa ukutshaya.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. Ukuthintela iCOPD. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 23, 2017.
> I-American Lung Association. Yintoni eyenza iCOPD. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 23, 2017.
> I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Disease. Isicwangciso sehlabathi soLwazi, uLawulo, kunye noKhuselo lweZifo eziPhezulu eziPhephekayo eziPhezulu: 2018 Ingxelo. Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 20, 2017.
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-COPD: Iimpawu kunye nezizathu. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 11, 2017.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. COPD. Isizwe seZiko lezeMpilo. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu.