Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) sisifo esinyukayo, esingenakunyanikiyo kwimiphunga yakho eyenza kunzima ukuphefumula. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ukuvutha, ukuvelisa i-phlegm, ukuphefumula okufutshane, kunye nokuvalelwa kobunzima esifubeni sakho, nangona le mpawu ingabonakali uze ufike kwizigaba ezilandelayo zesifo.
I-COPD ayinakuphulukiswa, kodwa iyigulo ekhusekileyo kwaye inokunyangeka kwaye ekuqaleni uqala unyango, bhetele ukuhlaselwa kwakho.
I-COPD yimbangela yesithathu yokufa e-United States, elandelwa yintliziyo yesifo kunye nomhlaza kuphela. Eyona nto ibonakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala kwaye ithintela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-11 zaseMerika. Nangona kunjalo, izigidi zabantu abadala zinobungqina bokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga, okubonisa ukuba kukho ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-diagnostic.
I-COPD ichaphazela njani iiLung
I-COPD ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa ukuhamba komoya-kokungena naphandle kwemiphunga-engaphenduli ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuhamba kancinci komoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga yakho ngenxa yenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Iibhubhu zomoya kunye ne- alveoli ( iibhakabhaka zomoya apho utshintshiselwano lwegesi lwenzeka khona) zilahlekelwa ukunyaniseka kwazo kwaye azikwazi ukunweba xa uphefumula.
- Iindonga ezikhoyo phakathi kwe-alveoli ziyachithwa.
- Ubuncwane bama-tubes emoyeni buba bunzima kwaye buvutha.
- Iibhubhu zomoya zifakela i-mucus engaphezulu kunokuba zifanele, zibangele ukuba zivale.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwi-COPD kuqhubela phambili, oku kuthetha ukuba ngokugqithiseleyo kunzima ngaphezu kwexesha. Inxulumene nompendulo ongaqhelekanga wemiphunga yakho kwimimiselo engcolileyo, njengomsi wesigare, ukungcola komoya, okanye iikhemikhali ezinobungozi.
Iintlobo zeCOPD
I-COPD iyigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iqela lezifo zemiphunga kubandakanya:
- I-Emphysema: Isifo esibangelwa umonakalo kwi- alveoli , i-airways encane kakhulu emiphakeni apho ukutshintshwa kwe-oxygen kunye ne-carbon dioxide kwenzeka, i- emphysema ibangelwa ngokutshaya. Iingu-alveoli ezimbalwa zikhoyo njengoko ezi zichithwa ngokutshabalala kunye nokukhwela, kwaye ezo eziseleyo ziba nzima, zilahlekelwe ukunyaniseka kwazo kwaye zibangele umoya. Unokukufanekisela oku njengalolon elahlekelwe ukunyaniseka kwayo kodwa umoya uhlala nangona ibhaluni lidilika (njenge-phalation).
- I-bronchitis engapheliyo: I- bronchitis engapheliyo , i-airways yakho ihlaselwa ngokungapheliyo, nto leyo ibangela ukutshabalalisa nokuqina. Le nkqubo iphinda ibangele ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-mucus, leyo igcwalisa i-airways, ikhusele ngakumbi ukuphefumla.
- I-Bronchiectasis: Kwi- bronchiectasis , i-airways yakho iyahlanjululwa, edla ngokubangelwa zizifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiweyo ebuntwaneni bakho. Ukuvuvukala kubangela ukuveliswa kwe-mucus, ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwee-airways ngakumbi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abaneCOPD banokudibanisa kwezi ngxaki ngexesha elinye. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nesisifo se- asthma nesifo, into ebalulekileyo xa uhlola unyango.
Iimpawu
I-COPD idla ngokungafaniyo (ngaphandle kwempawu) kude kubekho umonakalo omkhulu kwimiphunga. Siyisifo esiqhubekayo apho abantu abaninzi banamaxesha apho bazinzile, bahamba kunye neengxaki ezidlulileyo (ezibi kakhulu) zesifo. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zingaquka:
- Ukuphefumla okufutshane (i-dyspnea), ngakumbi emva kokuzama
- Ukuqhubeka, ukukhwehlela imihla ngemihla
- Ukuvelisa i-sputum (ukukhwehlela i-phlegm) ecacileyo, emhlophe, eluhlaza, okanye eluhlaza kumbala
- Ukugubha
- Ukukhathala
- Usulelo lwezifo zamaphaphu
- Ubungqina bebhokisi
- I-Cyanosis (i-bluish discoloration yomlomo kunye nemibhede yesipiko)
Izimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi zihambe kunye nezigaba ezinzima zesifo ziquka ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukulahleka kwesidlo ( anorexia ) kunye nokukhathala .
I-Ankle, unyawo, okanye ukuvuvukala komlenze kunokwenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo yonyango okanye iingxaki zenhliziyo ezikhoyo. Ukuxhalabisa kunye nokudandatheka ziyimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengqondo zeCOPD apho kukho unyango olongezelelweyo olufunekayo ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokunyuka kwe- COPD .
Izizathu
Ezinye izimbangela zeCOPD zibandakanya ukuvelela ukubhema utshayi, nokuba utshaya okanye ufumene umsi wesiphelo, ukuchayeka emsebenzini kwiikhemikhali, ukungcola kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwangaphandle, kunye nexesha elide kuninzi, i-disorder genetic called alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) . Abantu abane-asthma ngamanye amaxesha bahlakulela iCOPD ngokunjalo.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-pulmonary disease, imbali epheleleyo kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba kuqale ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo kukubuza imibuzo malunga nomlando wentsapho yakho, kunye nembali yakho yokuchasana nomsi wocuba kunye nezinye iintlobo zendalo kunye / okanye ukutyhila emsebenzini. Iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ezongezelelweyo zingaquka:
- Iimvavanyo zegazi (kubandakanywa iigesi zegazi kunye nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi , ingakumbi i-hemoglobin ne- hematocrit level)
- I-xst ray (isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD, ukuba ingaboneli ngokucacileyo)
- ImiSebenzi yePulmonary efana ne-spirometry, iimvavanyo zokusasazeka kwemiphunga, okanye umzimba we-plethysmography
- I-oximetry ye-Pulse
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-AAT
Kukho izigaba ezine ze-COPD: zincinci, zithelekise, zinzima kwaye zinzima kakhulu. Isitatimende ngokuqhelekileyo sifunyenwe kwiofisi yakho ugqirha ngokuhlolwa kwe-spirometry.
Unyango
I-COPD ayikho isigwebo sokufa; ngonyango olufanelekileyo, lunokulawulwa. Okokuthi, kukho iimeko ezichaphazela ukuhlala kwexesha le-COPD, ngokukodwa i-index ye-mass body (BMI), umlinganiselo wokuvinjelwa kwe-airway, amazinga e-dyspnea kunye nokunyamezela kwakho.
Unyango olungcono kakhulu lweCOPD ukuba ungumtshayi ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngoxa le nto ayiyi kubuyisa umonakalo okhoyo, inokukunceda ukucotha ukuqhubela phambili kweCOPD yakho. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka:
- Amachiza: Amachiza aqhelekileyo e-COPD aquka i- bronchodilators engabonakaliyo , i- corticosteroids engumlomo , i-steroids yomlomo, i- expectorants , i- phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors , kunye ne- antibiotics . Uphulo luvame ukuphuka zibe ngamaqela amabini: amayeza enyango, asetyenziswa rhoqo imihla ngemihla kwaye ngokuqhubekayo nokuba ingaba khona na iimpawu, kunye neyeza zokuhlangula, ezisetyenziselwa xa iimpawu zibuhlungu, njengokuba zidlulileyo.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-oksijeni: Xa iimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu, kunokufuneka unyango lwe-oksijeni olongezelelweyo. Ngombulelo kukho iinqununu eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ezivumela abantu abaninzi abaneCOPD ukuba baphile ubomi obunzima.
- Ukulungiswa kwepulmonary: Njengaxa ukulungiswa kwezinye izifo, ukulungiswa kwempompo kungenza umehluko omkhulu kubantu abathile abahlala neCOPD.
- Ukukhupha i-Flu kunye ne-pneumonia vaccine: Ezi zinceda ukukhusela intsholongwane.
- Utyando lwamafutha: Iindlela ezintathu zokuhlinzwa zingacingelwa kwi-COPD enzima: Ukuhlinzwa okunciphisa umthamo kungasetyenziselwa ukususa izicubu ezinobungozi. Ugqirha wakho unokuncoma umbane , owukususwa kwe-bullae ephakamileyo kwimiphunga yakho. Kwi-COPD enzima kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kungaphakanyiswa . Ipesenti kuphela ezincinci zezigulane zeCOPD zifanelekile ukungenelela ngophengululo njengoko oogqirha basebenzisa indlela echanekileyo yokukhetha abaviwa abavotayo. Ingenelelo yokuphanda ayinakwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwakho, kodwa liphucula umgangatho wobomi.
- Izindlela zokukhutshwa kwe-Airway: Ezi zicwangciso zokucima ibhola kwi-airway yakho , kubandakanywa ukukhwehlela okulawulwayo, i-poet physiotherapy, kunye nokusebenzisa i-expectorants.
Ukujamelana
Ukuphila kunye neCOPD kubandakanya izixhobo zomzimba, zengqondo, ezentlalontle kunye nezibonelelo. Uya kufuneka ujonge ukuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa, qalisa okanye ugcine inkqubo yovavanyo, sebenzela ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukufumana inkxaso, ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokutya okunomsoco, ukunxibelelana nabantu ebomini bakho, nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho.
Ukunyamekela
Ukuba ukhathalela umntu obathandayo ngeCOPD , unokumnceda ukulawula iimpawu, ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukuzivocavoca, ukugcina ukutya okunempilo, ukugcina amandla, nokujongana nokuphela kwemiba yobomi ezifana nokuphathwa kabuhlungu, ukuxinezeleka nokudideka .
Thintelo
Nangona eso sifo sinyango, kufuneka sigxininiswe ukuba xa unayo i-COPD, umonakalo awupheli kwaye akukho nonyango eyaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo onokukunceda ukukhusela umonakalo wokungcungcutheka.
Ukuba awunayo iCOPD kodwa ucinge ukuba usemngciphekweni, amanyathelo alandelayo anokukunceda ukukhusela ukuba kwenzeke:
- Ukuba ubhema, kufuneka uzame ukuyeka i-ASAP .
- Ukuba uhlala nomntu otshaya, qiniseka ukuba abayikutshaya. Ukongezelela, akukho mntu kufuneka afune ukutshaya xa umntwana ekhoyo.
- Ukuba usebenza malunga neekhemikhali ezinobungozi, uthuli, okanye ezinye iintlobo zeengozi zomsebenzi ezingasichukumisa imiphunga yakho, qi niseka ukuba unxibe izixhobo zokukhusela ezibandakanya i-mask kunye neiglavu.
- Ukuba usengozini yokuphuhlisa isifo njengoko ugqirha wakho ugqirha, fumana umkhuhlane wonyaka.
- Funda indlela yokuphucula umgangatho womoya ekhaya lakho .
- Thatha uvavanyo lwe-spirometry ukuphucula amathuba akho okufumanisa kwangaphambili.
ILizwi
Ukuba unomngcipheko weCOPD okanye ucinge ukuba unakho, jonga ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni uqala unyango, kungcono ukuba uhlaselo lwakho lube lula. Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukucotha ezinye iimpawu zokuqhubeka zeCOPD. Inkulu kakhulu kwaye inempumelelo kakhulu ukuyeka ukutshaya . Ukuyeka ukubhema kuphucula kokubili ixesha lokuphila kunye nomgangatho wobomi kubantu abahlala neCOPD. Isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kubalulekile ekuphileni. Ngonyango kunye nokulawulwa kweempawu zakho, unokuphila ubomi obuhle kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. I-COPD ichaphazela njani umzimba wakho. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 1, 2016.
> I-American Lung Association. Yintoni eyenza iCOPD. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 23, 2017.
> I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Disease. Isicwangciso sehlabathi soLwazi, uLawulo, kunye noKhuselo lweZifo eziPhezulu eziPhephekayo eziPhezulu: 2018 Ingxelo . Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 20, 2017.
> Intliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, neSigqeba seGazi. COPD. Isizwe seZiko lezeMpilo. IiNkonzo zezeMpilo zaseMzantsi Afrika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu