Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmary disease (COPD) sisifo esivuthayo esichazwe ngumda wokukhutshwa komoya. ukungena nasemapapeni. Ichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-600 emhlabeni jikelele kunye neengxelo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezigidi zokufa ngonyaka.
I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Dungase (GOLD) ibeka iCOPD kwiinqanaba ezine , ngohlobo olumnene lube yinqanaba elingu-I kunye nesigaba se-IV esinzima kakhulu.
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unesigaba se-III COPD, ithetha ukuba umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu uye wangaphazamiseka ngokunyuka kokuphefumla, ukuvutha, kunye nokukhathala ukwenza umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla kunzima kakhulu. Iimpawu zingaba nazo zenzeke kwi-hospitali eyodwa okanye ngaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kwesi sigaba esiphezulu seCOPD, kukho izinto ongayenza ukugcina amandla okuphefumla onayo kunye nokuthintela (okanye ubuncinci ukuphucula) ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
Ukukhupha iiCigarettes
Ukuyeka ukutshaya yinto enye okufuneka uyenze naliphi na isigaba sesifo. Akuyi kuphela ukuyeka ukukwenza uzive ungcono ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, kunokunyanzelisa ngokukhawuleza ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ukubhema kubonakalisa iipoksi zomoya, i-airways, kunye nendawo yamapapu akho, ukulimala okungenza kube nzima ukukhupha nokukhupha. Ukubhema kunokubangela ukuba i-COPD iqhube.
Ukuyeka ukuba nzima, kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi onokuzithemba kuzo ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela okukhulu:
- Ukuyeka konke ngexesha elilodwa kunokuba uphendule okanye utshintshe uphawu lwe-tar / low-nicotine yindlela echanekileyo. Ukuhlaselwa phantsi kwenza kube lula ukuwa kwi-bandwagon.
- Gwema abanye ababhemayo okanye indawo apho abantu bayabhema khona. Ngaphandle kweyona nto inokukukhuthaza ukuba ubhembe, kutheni unqande isizathu ngokubhenca ngomsi wesandla?
Fumana i-Flu yakho kunye ne-Pneumonia Shots
Ngokutsho kweGOLD, ukukhwabaniswa kwamagciwane ngonyaka kunokunciphisa ingozi yokugula nokufa kubantu abaneCOPD malunga nama-50 ekhulwini. I- vacneum vaccine iphinde ikhuthazwe ukuba abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu bakwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-bacterium pneumonia.
Abantu abaneCOPD baye banciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu kwaye, ngoko kunjalo, basengozini enkulu yokufumana umkhuhlane. Xa i-pneumonia ikhula, umonakalo obangelwa kwimiphunga ingenakuguquka. Ukuba uhlala neSigaba III COPD, ukukhusela umkhuhlane kunye ne-pneumonia kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kuba kukho ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, nayiphi na umonakalo obangelwayo uya kugxininisa kwaye uqhubele phambili isifo sakho ngokubanzi.
Hlalani Nololoko Nisindisa Inhaler Vala Ngesandla
Nangona i-bronchodilators yenza okuncinci ukucotha ukuqhubela phambili kweCOPD, ugqirha wakho uya kuncomela ukuba aphathe naziphi na izipho okanye ukuphefumula. I-bronchodilators emfutshane esifana ne-Albuterol okanye i-Proventil (eyaziwa nangokuthi i- rescue inhalers ) isetyenziselwa kwisiseko esifanelekileyo sokukhutshwa kwempawu zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo okanye eziqhubekayo.
Ekugqibeleni, uxinzelelo olungaphantsi ubeka emiphakeni yakho apha kwaye ngoku, umonakalo obuncinci owenzela wona uya kuqhubela phambili.
Sebenzisa iiBronchodilator zakho ezindala ezenzayo njengoko zichazwe
Ama-bronchodilator asebenza ixesha elide asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko eso sifo siqhubeka ukukunceda ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu.
Ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukuba udibanise i-bronchodilators ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo kuba le ndlela ingaba yinkqubela ephezulu, kunye nemiphumo engalinganayo okanye embalwa, kunokusebenzisa i-bronchodilator eyodwa kuphela. I-beta-agonists esebenza ixesha elide yinto enye ye-bronchodilator equkethe imithi efana ne-salmeterol okanye i-formoterol. I-anticholinergics ende enomsebenzi omnye usebenzise i-Atrovent, Spiriva , okanye i-Combivent.
Musa ukulibala i-Daliresp
I-Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) i-inhibitors yiklasi leziyobisi ezithatha ukuvutha okuhambisana neCOPD. Imithi yomlomo yakuba yimihla ngemihla, i-PDE4 inhibitors inceda ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kunye nemiphumo emibi engaphantsi.
Amachiza asebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamanzi kubantu abangaxhatshazwayo kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ngokwenza njalo, i-muscus encinane iveliswa, okubangelwa ukuqokelela okuncinci kunye nokuphazamiseka kweendinyana zomoya.
I-Daliresp (i-roflumilast) yiyona kuphela i-PDE4 inhibitor njengamanje ivunyiwe eMelika. Iimpembelelo eziphambili ze-PDE4 inhibitors ziquka isifo sohudo, isicarucu, kunye neentloko.
Thatha ukubuyiswa kwePulmonary Serious
Ukulungiswa kwepulmonary ngokuqhelekileyo kwongezwa ngexesha le-II COPD kwaye liqhubeka njengoko isifo sifana. Kubandakanya ukuzivocavoca, ukuphumula, iindlela zokuphefumla , ukukhutshwa kwamanzi , kunye nenkxaso yemoya yokunceda abantu bajongane kangcono nemeko yabo. Phakathi kweenjongo kukugwema imfuno yonyango lwe-oksijini kuboniswe kwisigaba IV COPD.
I-rehabyard rehab inokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zesifo, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezentlalo, nokwandisa ixesha lokusinda. Le nkqubo isebenzisa iqela lamagosa amaninzi, abahlengikazi kunye nabacebisi.
Thetha Ngogqirha Wakho NgeGlucocorticoids
Ukwelashwa nge-glucocorticoids (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-steroids) inengxabano, kodwa i-GOLD iyancomela kwifomu evulekileyo xa ufikelela kwisigaba se-III kwaye uxhaphake kwiimeko ezinzima.
I-Oral steroids ingasetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-COPD xa iimpawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza. I-steroids ye-inhaled, ngokuphambene nayo, isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu ezizinzile okanye xa iimpawu zihamba zihamba phambili.
Yidla ezempilo Ukuphucula umsebenzi weLung
Nangona ukutya okunempilo kunako ukunyanga i-COPD, kunokukunceda uzive ungcono kwaye unike amandla amaninzi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, kuquka ukuphefumula. Inyaniso elula kukuba i-COPD ibeka ingcinezelo enkulu emzimbeni wakho kwaye iyitshise ngokufanelekileyo yonke ifowuni oyifumanayo ekudleni. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu abaneCOPD baya kufuna ukunyusa i-caloric intake , ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokutya okunempilo ezicebile kuma-antioxidants kunye nama-phytochemicals.
Ukutya okulungileyo kunokukunceda kwakhona indlela yokuzivikela kumzimba kwaye, kwakhona, kunceda ukulwa nezifo zesifuba eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu abaneCOPD.
> Umthombo:
> I-Global Initiative yeZifo zokuLungula (GOLD). "Ubungqina kwiNkxaso yokuLuthintela nokuThengiswa kweTransli." Isikhokelo sePocket kwiCOPD Ukuxilongwa, ukuPhathwa, nokuPhepha: IsiKhokelo seNgcaciso yezeMpilo. 2017: 9-18.