I-Spirometry: Isixhobo esiPhambili sokwenza iCOPD Ukuchonga
Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, lakho liya kuba nethuba lokuxelela malunga nento ozifundileyo ukususela ekuqaleni kokuxilongwa kweCOPD .
Ngokwe-Global Initiative for Obstructive Disease Lung Disease (GOLD), ukuxilongwa kweCOPD kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kunoma yisiphi isigulane esinokuphefumula okufutshane, ukukhwehlela kwexesha elide okanye ukuveliswa kwe-sputum kunye / okanye nembali yokuchasana neengxaki zeCOPD.
I-Spirometry: Isixhobo sokuCoca ngokuPhambili kwiCOPD
Uvavanyo lwe- spirometry lufuneka ukuba kwenziwe unyango lweCOPD. Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, okanye i-COPD, kuqinisekiswa xa iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa i- FEV1 / FVC engaphantsi kwama-0.70 emva kokuba isigulane sisisebenzisa i- bronchodilator.
Izifundo ezongezelelweyo ezixhasa inkxaso yeCOPD
Nangona i-spirometry iyisisombululo sokuqala sokuxilonga kwi-COPD, ugqirha wakho angenza nayiphi na okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo zophando zophando ngexesha lokuhlola kwakhe okokuqala ukuxhasa ukuxilongwa kweCOPD:
Imbali kunye neMzimba
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uxolisa i-COPD, uvavanyo lwakho luya kuqala ngokujonga ngokubanzi kwimbali yakho. Oku kufuneka kufake ukuhlaziywa:
- ukugqithiswa kwakho kwangoku kunye nokudlulileyo kwiimeko ezinobungozi ezifana nokutshaya, ukutshaya komsi , ukungcola komoya kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa komsebenzi othulini, i-gasses, kunye neekhemikhali.
- Imbali yakho yonyango, ingakumbi njengoko ibhekiselele kwiingxaki zokuphefumula ezikhoyo njenge-asthma, i-allergies okanye i-sinusitis kunye / okanye izifo zokuphefumula ebusaneni.
- izibhedlele zangaphambili, ngakumbi ukuba zidibene nezifo zokuphefumula.
- ukuba nabani na ohlala kwintsapho yakho baye bafumana i-COPD okanye nayiphina isifo esingapheliyo.
- ukuba unezinye iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo okanye i-osteoporosis, enokuthi ibe negalelo lokuxilongwa kweCOPD.
- umzekelo wakho wokuphuhliswa kweempawu, kubandakanywa xa iimpawu zakho zaqala kwaye ubude ixesha elinde ngaphambi kokufuna unyango.
- umphumo wesifo kwimpilo yakho yemihla ngemihla; umzekelo ukuba iimpawu zakho zenze ukuba uphoswe emsebenzini, unciphise imisebenzi yakho rhoqo okanye uzive uxinezelekile okanye uxhalabile.
Ugqirha wakho kufuneka enze kwakhona uvavanyo olusisigxina lokuzibandakanya:
- Ukuthatha ubushushu bakho, ukuphambana, ukuphefumula ngomzuzu, ukupompa nokuxinzelelo lwegazi
- Ukuphulaphula intliziyo yakho nemiphunga nge stethoscope
- Ukuhlolisisa iindlebe zakho, impumlo, amehlo kunye nomqala ngenxa yempawu zentsholongwane
- Ukuhlola iminwe yakho ngemiqondiso ye-cyanosis kunye ne- clubbing
- Ukuvavanya imiqondiso yokuvuvukala emilenzeni, ezinqeni, nasezinyaweni okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho
- Ukuvavanya iimvumba entanyeni yakho ukuvavanya iingxaki zeCOPD ezifana ne- cor pulmonale
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lweePlmonary Functions (PFTs)
Ukongezelela kwi-spirometry, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wamapulmoni ezibalulekileyo xa zihlola umsebenzi wemiphunga ku-COPD: iimvavanyo zokusasazeka kwemiphunga kunye nomzimba we-plethysmography. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa umthamo ohlukeneyo wemiphunga ye-carbon monoxide kunye nomthamo womoya emiphakeni kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumla, ngokulandelanayo.
I-X-ray yesifuba
I-x-ray yesikhwama yedwa ayifaki ukuxilongwa kweCOPD. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela okokuqala okokuqala, ukulawula ezinye izizathu zeempawu zakho okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho imeko ekhoyo ye- comorbid .
I-x-ray yesifuba isenokusetyenziswa rhoqo ngamaxesha kunyango lwakho ukujonga inkqubela yakho.
I-Tomography ye-Computing (CT)
Nangona i-CT ingaxhaswa rhoqo xa yenza i-COPD, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela enye xa kubonisiwe (ukusuleleka akusombululi, utshintsho lweempawu, ukuqwalasela ukuhlinzwa njl.) Nangona i-X-ray isifuba ibonisa indawo ezininzi zobuninzi imiphunga, i-CT scan iyicacisa ngakumbi, ibonisa iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ukuba i-X-ray ayikho. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuskena kwe-CT, izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zihlukileyo zifakwe kwi-vein. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukungaqhelekanga emiphakeni yakho ngokucacileyo.
Gcwalisa Igalelo leGazi
Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC) liya kuluphaphaza ugqirha wakho kunye nokumxelela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubuninzi be-hemoglobin ekhoyo kwigazi lakho. I-Hemoglobin yi-pigment ene-iron equlethwe ngegazi lakho elithwala i-oksijini emiphakeni yakho ukuya emzimbeni wakho wonke.
Iigesi zeGesi zeGesi
Kwi-COPD, isixa somoya ophefumulayo nangaphandle kwemiphunga yakho ayiphumelelanga. Igazi legazi liphela (ABGs) lilinganisa i-oxygen kunye ne-carbon dioxide egazini lakho kwaye ligqibe umzimba wakho we-pH kunye ne-sodium bicarbonate level. I-ABG zibalulekile ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kweCOPD kwakunye nokuqulunqa isidingo kunye nokulungiswa kwezinga lokuhamba kwe- oksijeni .
Oxetry Pulse
I-oximetry ye-Pulse yindlela engeyiyo ingavumelekanga yokulinganisa indlela iifomthi zakho ezinikwa ngayo i-oksijini. Iprobe okanye i-sensor ngokuqhelekileyo ifakwe kumnwe, ebunzini, kwi-earlobe okanye kwibhulorho ekhaleni. I-oximetry ye-Pulse ingaqhubeka okanye iphakathi. Umlinganiselo we-95% ukuya ku-100% uthathwa njengesiqhelo. Ngokumalunga ne-ABG, ukulinganisa izinga lakho lokuzalisa i-oxygen ngendlela ye-pulse oximetry kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlolisise imfuno yakho yonyango lwe-oxygen.
Uhlu lwe-Alpha-1-Antitrypsin
Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho kukho ukusabalalisa okuphezulu kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), i-World Health Organisation incoma ukuba uvavanywe kule ngxaki. Ukuntuleka kwe-AAT yimizimba yezofuzo ezingakhokelela kwiCOPD. Ukufunyaniswa kwisifo esincinane (ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala) kufuneka uqaphele oogqirha ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-AAT engenakho yimbangela yeCOPD yakho. Unyango lwe-COPD ebangelwa ukusilela kwe-AAT kubandakanya ukunyuka kwamayeza .
Umthombo:
I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Disease. Isicwangciso sehlabathi soBuchule, uLawulo kunye nokuKhuselwa kweCOPD. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2011. Kufumaneka kwi-goldcopd.org.