Izizathu ze-Spirometry, i-Diagnosis, kunye nomsebenzi kwi-Cancer Cancer
Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluya ku-spirometry kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukuba uvavanyo lwemisebenzi yeplummoni Iyintoni indima edlala kuyo ekuxilongweni nasekulawuleni iimeko ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga kunye neCOPD?
Inkcazo: i-Spirometry
I-Spirometry yimihlobo yovavanyo lomsebenzi wamapulmoni elenza umlinganiselo womoya owenziwe (umthamo) kwaye uphumelele njengomsebenzi wexesha. Ngokubanzi, ikuxelela ukuba unomoya ohamba ngaphaya kwemiphunga yakho, kunye nokukhawuleza oku kwenzekayo.
Ukuba unesiqhamo sokuphakama okwenziwe eofisi, lo vavanyo lufana kodwa luchanekile ngakumbi.
Kungabonakala kunzima ukuqonda amanani kunye nenjongo yemvavanyo yakho, kodwa thabatha isikhashana ufunde nge-spirometry yakho. Emva kokuba uqonda amanani oya kubakho kwisimo esona sikwazi ukulawula nayiphi imeko yomphunga onokuyenza.
Makhe sixoxe ngokuthi kutheni lo vavanyo lunye, yiyiphi imimiselo enokukwazi ukwahlula, ize ihambe kuzo iziphi izinto ezingavamile.
Izizathu zokwenza i-Spirometry
I-Spirometry idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni nasekulawuleni imimandla emininzi yemiphunga. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlukanisa iimeko ezinokubonakala zifana neziganeko zodwa. Kwakhona kunceda kakhulu njengomlinganiselo wenjongo yokuba isifo seemiphunga siphuthuka njani nokuthi sisabela njani kunyango. I-Spirometry ingalelwe ukuba:
- Ukufumanisa izifo zamaphaphu.
- Isilinganiselo siphendula unyango - Ukubona ukuba unyango olunjengamachiza lunceda ukuphucula izifo zamaphaphu, okanye ubuncinane ukuzinzisa eso sifo.
- Qinisekisa ukuqhubela phambili kwezifo zamaphaphu - Ukubona ukuba ziyanda.
- Misela ubunzima besifo se-lung.
- Ukumisela umsebenzi wamaphaphu phambi kokuhlinzwa kwemiphunga - I-Spirometry yimivavanyo ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Unika oogqirha ingcamango yokuba umntu onesifo somphunga angakwazi ukunyamezela ukuhlinzwa ngomoya wokuphefumula, kunye nendlela umntu angayiphendula ngayo ukuba inxalenye yakhe okanye yonke imiphunga isuswe.
- Nangona ingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo kulolu hlobo, uphando lwango-2017 lufumene ukuba i-spirometry yayisisetyenzisi esiluncedo sokuchaza ubungqina bomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abachazwe kwi- asbestos . Kunyanzelekile ukuba abaphandi bacebise ukuba i-spirometry ifanele ihanjiswe kubo bonke abasebenzi abanobuchopho be-asbestos kwaye baphinda rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu.
I-Spirometry kubantu abane-Cancer Cancer
I-Spirometry ingenziwa kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuvavanya nokugcina impendulo kunyango lweempawu zokuphefumula. Kungenziwa kwakhona ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukuphonywa kwemiphunga kunconywa-ngamanye amagama, ukubona ukuba kunemisebenzi yamaphaphu okwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba utyando lomhlaza wamaphaphu luya kunyamezela.
Uvavanyo lwe-Spirometry lwenziwa njani?
I-Spirometry ivame ukuyenza kwiofisi yakho. Ngexesha le-spirometry, uya kuhlala esihlalweni waza wacelwa ukuphefumula ngokuqhelekileyo. Uya kuthi ke unikezwe ngomlomo ukubeka umlomo wakho odibaniswe kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-spirometer. (Isiqulatho singafakwa phezu kwempumlo yakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuphefumula kwakho konke kwaye ushiye emlonyeni wakho.) Emva koko uya kucelwa ukuba uthathe umoya ophefumlelweyo kwaye uphumele ngamandla ngokusemandleni akho. Ugqirha wakho okanye umphefumli ophefumulayo unokuphinda uphinde uvavanye amaninzi amaxesha ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ufunda ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukuba umzekelo wakho ubonisa ukuphazamiseka ubone apha ngezantsi) ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa i-bronchodilator (njenge-inhaler) kwaye uqhathanise iziphumo zakho zombini kunye nangaphandle kwe-bronchodilator. Konke, uvavanyo luthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-15, kunye kunye okanye ixesha lokunciphisa ukulinganisa.
Yintoni Uvavanyo lokulinganisa? Wena
I-Spirometry inikeza abaqeqeshi bempilo Amanani amabini abalulekileyo anokubonisa iingxaki ngomsebenzi wamaphaphu. Zezi:
- Ukuxhotyiswa kweVital (Capacity Capacity Capacity) (FVC) - i-FVC ngumlinganiselo womoya onokukhupha emiphakeni yakho ngokuphefumula ngokupheleleyo.
- Umqulu oPhezulu oPhezulu (FEV1) - I-FEV1 ngumlinganiselo womoya onokukhupha emiphakeni yakho ngomzuzwana o-1.
Umlinganiselo we-FEV1 ukuya kwi-FVC uya kubalwa.
Umzekelo weMpawu
Iziphumo ze-spirometry zingaqhelekanga okanye zingavamile. Ukuba aziqhelekanga zivela kwenye yeepatheni ezimbini:
- Umzekelo wokuvimbela - Xa umoya womoya unqandekile (ukuvinjelwa), ubungakanani bomoya okwazi ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwi-1 yesibili (FEV1) lingaphantsi kunezinto ezinokulindelwa ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka, ubude kunye nobukhulu bakho. Ekubeni i-FEV1 yakho, kulo mzekelo, ingaphantsi kwento enokulindelwa, umlinganiselo we-FEV1 / FVC ungaphantsi kohlobo.
- Umzekelo wokuthintela - Ukuthintela kungabandakanya ukusila emiphakeni okanye ukukhubazeka okukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla emiphunga ukuba isebenze, kunokuba kuphazamise indlela yokuhamba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-FVC iyancipha kodwa umlinganiselo we-FEV1 / FVC uqhelekileyo (zombini iyancipha.)
Inombolo kwi-Spirometry
Xa i-spirometry yenziwe, amanani afunyenwe kwimilinganiselo engentla. Ezi manani zingalinganiswa kokubili ngaphandle kwemithi kwaye emva kokusebenzisa i-bronchodilator.
- Indlela yokuvimbela - i-FEV1 ngaphantsi kwama-80 ekhulwini we-predicted, kwaye i-FEV1 / FVC ilingana no-0.7 okanye ngaphantsi.
- Umzekelo wokuthintela
Iimeko ezichongiweyo ne-Spirometry
I-Spirometry luvavanyo oluncedo kodwa lisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nezinye iziphumo kwimbali, emzimbeni, nakwiimpawu zokucinga ukulungiselela ukuxilongwa. Ngamanye amazwi, iziphumo azifaneki zisetyenziswe yodwa. I-Spirometry ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuxilonga:
- Isifo esingapheliyo sokukhupha i-pulmonary disease (COPD) kuquka i-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-bronchiectasis.
- I-Emphysema (uhlobo lweCOPD)
- I-Bronchiectasis (uhlobo lweCC {D)
- I-Bronchitis engapheliyo (uhlobo lweCOPD)
- Isifuba
- I-pulmonary fibrosis, kuquka i- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Icystic fibrosis
Iipatheni kunye nezifo eziLungwini
Umzekelo oboniswe kwi-spirometry unokusetyenziswa ukuhlula uhlobo oluthile lwesifo semiphunga, umzekelo:
- Indlela yokuvimbela - Umzekelo wokukhusela uza kubonakala kwiimeko zemiphunga ezichaphazela i-airways efana neCOPD kunye nesifo se-asthma.
- Umzekelo wokuthintela - Umzekelo onqandekayo uya kubonakala kwiimeko apho kukho umonakalo othe ngqo kumphunga kunye nokuqhawula njenge-pulmonary fibrosis.
- Umzekelo wokudibanisa - Ukuba abantu banesifo esingaphezu kwesinye segazi-njenge-cystic fibrosis kunye ne-asthma-umzekelo wokudibanisa ungabonwa kwi-spirometry.
Funda kabanzi malunga nokuhlukana phakathi kwezifo eziphazamisayo nezikhuselweyo.
Izifo zengqungquthela ezithintekayo - Izibonelo ziquka:
- Isifuba
- I-COPD (i-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-bronchiectasis)
Izifo ezithintekayo zezilwanyana - Izibonelo ziquka:
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Emva kokuhlinzwa (emva kwe-lumpectomy okanye i-pneumonectomy)
- Ukunyanya
- Scoliosis
Ziziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokufuneka zifuneke?
Ngamanye amaxesha i-spirometry yedwa ayinakukwazi ukubona ukuba unesifo sokuphazamiseka okanye sokukhusela isifo somphunga okanye ezinye zombini. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsebenziswano engentla umntu unokufumana isifo sesifo somphunga (isifuba) kunye nesifo esithintekayo somphunga (njenge-pulmonary fibrosis)
Uvavanyo olwalusetyenziselwa ngamanye amaxesha ukukunceda ukucacisa oku kungumphunga we-lungs.
Ukutolika i-Spirometry yakho Iziphumo
Kungabonakala kunzima xa ubheka ukufundwa kwakho, kodwa ngokuwaphula phantsi kwamanyathelo ambalwa njengoko oogqirha abakwenzayo, uya kukwazi ukufunda nokuqonda into eqhelekileyo kunye neziphumo zakho zithetha ntoni kuwe.
Njengeyinyathelo yokuqala, jonga kuphela iinombolo ze-FVC yakho kunye ne-FEV1 uze uziqhathanise neziphumo ezichazwe ngokubalwa ngokusebenzisa ubude bakho nobukhulu bakho. Ukuba amanani anama-80 ekhulwini okanye aphezulu aqikelelweyo, umphumo uvame ukuqhelekileyo (inqaku - kukho iimeko ezithile ukuba kunjalo kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho.
Ukuba ngaba i-FVC okanye i-FEV1 ayiqhelekanga (ngaphantsi kwama-80 ekhulwini echazwe), kuyafuneka amanyathelo amele ukuqonda iziphumo.
Ukuba ngaba i-FVC okanye i-FEV1 ayiqhelekanga, jonga iziphumo zomlinganiselo wakho we-FEV1 ukuya kwi-FVC. Oku kungashicilelwa njengengxube ye-FEV1 ngaphezu kwe-FVC. Ukuba le nombolo ingaphezu kwama-70 ekhulwini kungenzeka ukuba unesifo sokukhupha umphunga. Ukuba le nombolo ingaphantsi kwama-70 ekhulwini, unokufumana isifo somngcipheko.
Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho ukungafani, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezifunekayo. Sekunjalo ukukhangela amanani akho ukuya kweli nqaku kunokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi oko kwenzekayo xa ugqirha exoxa ngamanyathelo alandelayo ukuba athathe.
Ubunzima beZifo Ngokusekelwe kwi-Spirometry Iziphumo
Ukongezelela ukuhlula ukuphazamiseka kwimizekelo yesifo se-lungometric disease, i-spirometry inokunika isibonakaliso sokuba isifo esibi kangakanani. Nge-COPD la manqanaba abhekisela kulowo manani emva kokuba umntu usetyenzise i-bronchodilator. Ngamanye amazwi, babhekisela ekubeni ubuninzi bokhuselo luyinto engaguqukiyo (kwaye ngoko, mhlawumbi unomphela.)
- I-FEV1 engama-80 ekhulwini ithathwa njengesiqhelo.
- I-FEV1 yama-60 ukuya kuma-79 ekhulwini ibonisa umqobo obunzima
- I-FEV1 yama-40 ukuya kuma-59 ekhulwini emva kwe-bronchodi njengesiqhelo.
- I-FEV1 engaphantsi kwama-40 ekhulwini ibonakalisa iimeko ezinzima.
Imilinganiselo ingaqwalaselwa zombini kunye nangaphandle kwe-bronchodilator
Ukuba unayo i-COPD, lo mlinganiselo uza kusetyenziswa kunye nolunye ulwazi ukucacisa isigaba se-"GOLD" kwisigaba sokubamba kwesifo sakho.
Izingozi zeNkqubo
I-Spirometry yinkqubo ekhuselekile kakhulu, kodwa abanye abantu banokuthi baphuze umsila kunye nokuphefumula okunzulu kuthathwe ngexesha lovavanyo. Akukhuthazwa ukuba abantu bavavanyelwe ukuba ngaba bathe bahlaselwa yintsholongwane yesifo senhliziyo okanye i-stroke, okanye ngeemeko ezinjengomphunga we-pneumothorax.
Ngezantsi kwi-Spirometry
I-Spirometry yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukwahlula phakathi kwezifo zamaphaphu kunye nokucacisa ubunzima-nokuba isifo siphendula unyango okanye siphumelele. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iimvavanyo zomsebenzi weplmmm ziya kusetyenziswa kunye ne-spirometry ukuqhubeka nokuqonda isifo. Ukuba unayo i-spirometry, thabatha umzuzu ukuba ugqirha wakho achaze amanani akho, kunye naluphi na utshintsho kumanani akho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba ngummeli wakho kunye nokufunda malunga neemeko zakho kukubeka kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana unyango olungcono kwaye unokwenza konke okufuneka ukwenze ukuze ube nomgangatho obhetele wobomi kunye nemeko yakho.
Kwakhona Uyaziwa ngokuba: uvavanyo lomsebenzi wamapulmoni
> Imithombo:
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> I-Gentry, S., ne-B. Gentry. Izifo eziPhephayo eziPhezulu eziSigxinayo: Izifo kunye nokuLawula. WaseMerika ugqirha . 2017. 95 (7): 433-441.
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