Njani kwaye Kutheni i-Asbestos ingozi?
Sivame ukuva ukuba i-asbestos iyingozi, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuthini? Ziziphi iimeko zempilo ezibangelwa ukuchazwa, kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba u-asbestos ube yingozi?
Kutheni i-Asbestos ingozi?
Ukubonakaliswa kwothuli lwe-asbestos kunye ne-fibers kunokubangela umdlavuza, isifo seemiphunga kunye nezinye iimeko. Ngelishwa, akukho nqanaba elingaziwa lokuchasana elibhekwa likhuselekile.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos kuye kwavinjelwa e-US, ukuchazwa kusasaqhelekanga, njengoko kukho ukungavunyelwa ukuvalwa, kwaye njengoko i-asbestos isekho kwizakhiwo ezininzi kunye namakhaya amaninzi. Enyanisweni, iimeko zezempilo ze-asbestos ziyaqhubeka zanda kwihlabathi jikelele. Abantu abasemngciphekweni kubandakanya abo bavelele emsebenzini, kodwa abo bathatha isigqibo sokuba bathathe iiprojekthi ezizenzayo kumakhaya ane-asbestos yokuqhawulwa komzimba, unokubekwa engozini.
Ngaphambi kokuchaza imeko zezempilo ezinxulumene ne-asbestos, machaze ambalwa ambalwa. I- pleura iimbumba ezijikeleze kwaye zikhusele imiphunga. Esinye isigama esivame ukubhekiswa kuso siyi- mesothelium . I-mesothelium yinkqonkqo ekhuselekileyo ejikeleze iziko kwisifuba nesisu kwaye ihlukaniswe kwiimimandla ezintathu. I-pleura (ejikeleza imiphunga njengoko ichazwe ngasentla,) i-pericardium (ejikeleza intliziyo,) kunye ne-peritoneal mesothelium (isistim esikhuselekileyo esijikeleze izitho esiswini.)
Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa yi-Asbestos Exposure
Abenzi bemisebenzi baye benza umsebenzi omhle ekwenzeni ukuba umphakathi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo baqaphele ingozi yelinye uhlobo lomhlaza wamaphaphu - i-mesothelioma-ebangelwa ukunyuka kwe-asbestos. Kwabo babuza ukuba ngaba iinzame zabo zokuphakamisa ilizwi baze bacele utshintsho xa impilo yabo isengozini, lo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela abantu abanokwenziwa ngayo ngokwenene.
Kukho iingxoxo malunga nobukhulu befiber ezahlukeneyo kunye neefom ezineengozi ezahlukileyo, kodwa ngenjongo yale ngxoxo siza kujonga umfanekiso jikelele. Amanqwelana abangela okanye acinga ukuba abangelwa ngu-asbestos zibandakanya:
- I-mesothelioma engalungile - i- Mesothelioma ngumhlaza oqala kuyo nayiphi na imida apho i-mesothelium ifumaneka njengoko ikhankanywe ngasentla, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ivela kwi-pleura (iimbumba ezijikeleze imiphunga.) Umhlaza onomdla, onama-5 ukuya kwe-10 ekhulwini labantu esaphila kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphaya koxilongo lwabo.
- Umdlavuza womlenze - Amagciwane angumlenze ngaphandle kwe-mesothelioma nawo anyuselwa ngokutyhila. Umdlavuza wesifo seeseli omncinci omncinane kunye nomdlavuza omncinci wesifo somnxeba ukwanda.
- Umhlaza we-Ovarian - Iyona nto eyaziwayo kakhulu yingozi yengozi yomhlaza we- ovari . Ekuphononongweni kwezifundo ukuya kutsho, bekucingelwa ukuba ukuxhomekeka komsebenzi kwi-asbestos kwandle ingozi yomhlaza we-ovari kunye ne- 70 ekhulwini .
- Ezinye i-cancer - Izifundo ngoku zidibeneyo, kwaye akuqinisekanga ukuba okanye ukungabikho kwe-asbestos kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo somdlavuza (umhlaza wesihogo,) okanye umhlaza ongqambileyo.
Izimo zonyango ezibangelwa yi-Asbestos Exposure
Ngaphantsi kwaziwa kakuhle, kodwa ingxaki enkulu nangaphezulu isifo sesifo se-lungs esihambelana nokutyhila kwe-asbestos.
Ezinye zeemeko ziquka:
- I-Asbestosis - I-Asbestosis yimeko apho i-pulmonary fibrosis (inqabile) iyenzeka ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-asbestos. Le meko, ngaphezu kokubangela iimpawu zodwa, kwandisa ngakumbi umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu. Oku kuxoxwa ngaphantsi kwezantsi phantsi kweyiphi "inqanaba lokuchayeka kuyingozi."
- Ipleural plaques.
- Ubunzima bokukhula.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi - Abanye abantu abonakaliswe kwi-asbestos bahlakulela ukwakhiwa kwe-fluid phakathi kweembrane ezihamba emiphakeni. Oku kuye kwabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo ye-asbestos echaphazelekayo (BAPEs).
Yiyiphi iNqanaba lokuBonakalisa eliyingozi?
Umbuzo oqhelekileyo ngowokuthi, "ndifuna ukuba i-asbestos engakanani ukuba ibe yingozi?" Impendulo kukuba akukho nqanaba lokungcola kwe-asbestos ekhuselekile.
Kodwa izifundo ezimbalwa ziye zanceda ukuphendula iinkcukacha kulo mbuzo.
Isifundo esinye senziwe sibheke ngokukodwa kubantu abane-asbestosis. Olu lukhulu lufundo olulinganisa abantu abangama-2400 abafaki-bhinqa (ababenokuthi bavelele kwi-asbestos,) kwiqela labantu abangaphezu kwama-54,000 abangazange bavelele. Ngokubanzi, umhlaza wamaphaphu wawunoxanduva lokufa kweepesenti ezingama-19 zezigulisi (ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu aba-1 kwabangu-14 baya kufa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu.) Umngcipheko wokufa wahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekuveleleni kwedwa, ukuphuhliswa kwe-asbestosis kunye nobungozi into yokutshaya, kwaye ukususela kwitheyibhile ilungele amazwi awaka, iziphumo zilandelayo:
- Ukutyhila kwe-Asbestos kwabangabhemi - Kwakukho amaxesha angama- 3.6 amaninzi omhlaza womhlaza.
- I-Asbestosis kwabangabhemi - Ubungozi bunamaxesha angama-7.4 ewonke jikelele.
- Ukubhema ngaphandle kokungcola kwe-asbestos - Lo mngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu kulabo abatshunayo ngaba ngamaxesha angama- 103 ewonke jikelele kulolu cwaningo.
- Ukunyuka kwe-Asbestos kunye nokutshaya - Ukuboniswa kwe-asbestos kunye nokutshaya kwenza ukuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu ube ngamaxesha angama-144 .
- Ukunyuka kwe-Asbestos, i-asbestosis, kunye nokutshaya - Ukuba abantu babekwe kwi-asbestos, i-asbestosis yaphuhliswa kunye kunye nokutshaya, iziphumo zazinzulu. Umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu wawungama- 36.8 amaxesha aphezulu kunabantu bonke.
Siyakwazi ukubheka ukukhishwa kwe-asbestos ngenye indlela yokufumana umfanekiso omkhulu kwaye uqhube phambili ukucacisa ingxaki kulabo abasemashishini. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ii-170 zeetoni eziveliswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-asbestos zihambelanayo kunye nokufa omnye kumama we-mesothelioma.
Umbuzo obalulekileyo kukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ubude bokungabonakali - ngamanye amazwi, ngaba abo bavelele iminyaka engama-30 ngaphezulu banokuchaphazeleka kunokuba bavelele iminyaka emi-5? Asinayo iifundo ezibonisa ingozi ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha, kodwa mhlawumbi ukuba umntu engabonakaliswa kakhulu, umngcipheko omkhulu weengxaki ezinxulumene ne-asbestos. Oko kwathiwa, kukho abanye abantu abaye bahlakulela i-mesothelioma kunye nexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweentsuku ezimbalwa nje.
I-Asbestos iyingozi njani?
Indlela i-asbestos eyonakalisa ngayo umzimba inokwenzeka ukuba idibanisa uhlobo lwefayili kunye nobukhulu, ukukhutshwa kwemiphunga kunye nemfuza. Iingcamango ezimbalwa ziye zavela. Ngomnye, kucingelwa ukuba i-asbestos fibers ingaba nefuthe eliyingozi kwiiseli ezibandakanya imiphunga, kubangela ukuvuvukala okukhokelela ekubambeni. Ingxenye yomonakalo inokuthi ihambelane nokuphendulwa komzimba kwi-asbestos fibers, njengoko umzimba uvimba izinto ezinokutsha njengama-cytokines kunye nezinto zokukhula ekuphenduleni into yangaphandle. Ubungqina obutsha bubonisa ukuba ubukho be-asbestos bubangela ukulimala kweDNA ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseli, eziza kubangela ukungaqhelekanga kwesoli nomhlaza.
Ukhuseleko lwe-Asbestos
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuphepha iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene ne-asbestos kukuqala ukukhusela ukhuseleko. Ithetha ntoni le nto?
Kubasebenzi abakhankanywe kwi-asbestos, kukho imigaqo ekhoyo ukuze uzikhusele. Zazi ngokuzikhusela, kunye namalungelo akho njengomqeshwa. Nantsi imithombo embalwa ukuze uqalise:
- Ukususela kwi-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo: Ukukhusela ii-Worders kwi-Asbestos
- Ukususela kwiKhuseleko lokuSebenza kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo: I- OSHA yeShidi leNkcazo
Kulabo bachaphazelekayo nge-asbestos emakhaya abo , okanye ngubani oqwalasela iphrojekthi yokulungisa indlu, iKhomishoni yoKhuseleko yabathengi inikezela ngolwazi apho ifunyenwe khona, yintoni enokwenziwa malunga ne-asbestos ekhayeni lakho kunye nendlela yokulawula iingxaki ze-asbestos kweli nqaku:
- I-Asbestos kwiKhaya
Yintoni Ongayenza Ukuba Ubonisiwe?
Akukho mvavanyo yovavanyo lomhlaza womphunga okwangoku kunconywa kubantu abaye bavezwa kwi-asbestos, njengoko kukho ukubhema, kodwa kunokufanelekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho. Uphando olwenziweyo ngo-2007 lwacebisa ukuba ukuhlolwa kwe-CT ephantsi kwe-asbestos abasebenzi kungenani kuncedo ekufumaneni umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwiimvavanyo zakuqala njengoko kubangelwa ababhemayo . Kubalulekile ukuba sicinge ukuba izikhokelo zangaphambili ngo-2013 zifumene ukuba ukujonga abantu abaneminyaka engama- 30 yomlando wokubhema ophakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-74 kunokunciphisa ukufa komhlaza wamaphaphu ngama- 20 ekhulwini . Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba utshayayo ngaphezu kokugqithiswa kwi-asbestos, incoko nodokotela wakho yinto efanelekileyo.
Ucwaningo lwe-2017 lufumene ukuba i-spirometry ingaba yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu yokujonga umdlavuza wemiphunga kulabo abaye bafumana i-asbestos. Enyanisweni, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando, abaphandi bancomele ukuba nabani na oye wavelelwa kwi-asbestos kufuneka abe ne-spirometry eyenziwe kwaye aphindwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu.
I-Arhente yeSimo soTyhefu kunye neRejista yeGciwane (ATSDR) sele iqulunqa izikhokelo zokujonga izifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos kuquka nomhlaza kunye nemeko yemiphunga. Ezi zikhokelo zincoma ukuba ubone ugqirha oqhelene nezifo ezinxulumene ne-asbestos . (Andikwazi ukugxininisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani le nto njengamanye amagqirha ahlala asebenze nabantu abonakaliswe kwi-asbestos.) Enye ingxaki nalabo abaye bavezwa kwi-asbestos kukuba ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kubonisa ukuba "iimvavanyo ezintle" - kuthetha ukuba into enokubonakala ingaqhelekanga xa kulungile. Ngokomzekelo, kwisifundo esinye, ngaphezu kwesigamu sabasebenzi be-asbestos babenomnye ubunzima obunikwe kwi-CT scan.
Ukongezelela ekuhlolweni, i-spirometry, kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-asbestos, mhlawumbi into ebaluleke kakhulu nabani na oyenzayo uyakuyeka ukutshaya. Kukho nezinye izinto onokuzenza oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Ukuba unenkxalabo, qiniseka ukuba ukhangele oku.
> Imithombo
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> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-Arhente yeZifo eziNobungozi kunye neRejista yeGciwane. Izikhokelo zoKhenketho lweeKlinikhi zeZifo ezihlobene ne-Asbestos. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/asbestos/medical_community/working_with_patients/docs/clinscrguide_32205_lo.pdf
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