Umsi wesithathu ngumnxeba ligama eliye laqulunqwa ukuze lichaze enye enye ingozi yokutshaya. Ukongeza kwimingcipheko echaphazelekayo nokubhema (echazwe njengomsi wokuqala wokutshiza), kunye nobungozi bomsi womsiza , ukukhathazeka okungabonakali komsi wesithathu kungasongela. Yintoni le nto ebangela ukukhathazeka?
Umsi wesithathu ngumsi sigama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iindidi kunye negesi ezishiywe emva kokuba ugwayi ucime.
Ezi ziqulatho zomhlaba kwaye zihlala malunga nantoni nayiphi indawo endaweni apho umntu etshayile khona - kwiingubo, ezinwele, kwifenitshala nakwiphantsi.
Kutheni Kukho Ingozi
Kungabonakala kucace ukuba izinto ezishiywe emva kokuba ugwayi ikhutshwe zingabungozi. Emva koko, uluhlu lwezongezo kwiigayibha luloyikisayo kumntu onemvelaphi yechemistry. Kodwa kukho iindlela ezingaphezulu kweyodwa apho umsi wesandla wesithathu kubangela iingxaki.
Indlela yokuqala ilula ukuyiqonda. Amakhemikhali asele emva kokutshaya umhlaba kunoma yimuphi ummandla apho ukutshaya kwenzeka khona. Uphando lufumene ukuba lweekhemikhali kumsi wesandla wesithathu, ezi-11 ziyi- carcinogens (izinto ezinokubangela umdlavuza). Ambalwa amakhemikhali afunyenwe kwiindawo emva kokutshaya ziquka i-nicotine, i-cyanide, i-radioactive polonium-210, i-lead, i-arsenic, i-polycyclic i-hydrocarboni ephosiweyo kunye ne-butane.
Indlela yesibili ukuba i-toxin inokukhathazeka ngomsi wesandla wesithathu ngeprogram ebizwa ngokuthi "i-off-gassing." Ukungaxhasi komsebenzi kwenzeka xa izinto ezivela kumsi oye wafakwa kwiindawo, ezifana ne-nicotine, zikhutshwe emoyeni njengegesi. Kule nkqubo, i-residu yecuba eye yakhela phezu kwendawo iyaqhubeka nokukhupha i-toxins emva kokuba ukutshaya kwenzeke.
Ukongeza kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi ezikhoyo kwiindawo okanye ezikhutshwe emoyeni, indlela yesithathu yokuchasana xa i-toxins entsha ibalwa ngokusebenzisana kwezinto kwi-THS kunye namanye amachiza akhona kwimeko. Imizekelo emibini yentsebenziswano ebhaliweyo iquka:
- Xa i-THS iphendula ne-nitrous oxide (umzekelo kumashishini egesi okanye kwiimoto zomoya) emoyeni ukudala i-carcinogens ebizwa ngokuba yi-nitrosamines.
- Xa ama-organic compounds (VOCs) kwi-THS asabela nge-ozone emoyeni ukudala i-formaldehyde phakathi kwezinye iikhemikhali.
Indlela Ukuboniswa Kwenzeka
Abantu banokuchaphazeleka yi-toxins kwi-THS ngokubakhuphaza (mhlawumbe iinqununu okanye i-gesi ezikhutshwayo), ngokuzifaka (xa iinqununu zingumhlaba ekudleni, okanye kwiminwe ebekwa emlonyeni njengabantwana), okanye ukutywala ngesikhumba. Ingqalelo kukuba ukunqanda kwesikhumba, nangona kungasoloko kuthethwa ngaso, akuqhelekanga. Kule mini kunye neminyaka xa sinama-patch for nicotine, ama-hormone, kunye neminye imichiza, kucacile ukuba ulusu lwethu aluyithintelo eqinile kwizinto ezisemgangathweni.
Inkulu Yingozi Kangakanani?
Kusondele kakhulu ukususela ekufunyaneni umsi wesandla wesithathu ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ingozi. Xa sicinga ukuba i-US Surgeon General ithi akukho nengozi yokungabikho komsi womsi womsi, kubonakala kunengqiqo ukuthetha ukuba nayiphi na ukuchasana nomsi wesandla wesithathu kufuneka kugwenywe kwakhona.
Ngokungafani nomsi wesithandi, umngcipheko wokubhema umsi wesithathu unokwandisa ngaphezu kwexesha njengoko ezinye iinxube zifakwe kwiindawo okanye kwizithuthi.
Abaphandi baye baqala ukuvavanya ingozi ekhoyo, kodwa ukufunyanwa ngoku kuqukwa:
- Umsi womsi wesithathu (THS) ufunyaniswe ukuphazamisa ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba, kwaye "ukuxhatshazeka kwinqwelo" - ngamanye amazwi, ukuba isilonda siza kuphulukisa kwaye luhlobo luni lobunqunu oluya kuvela.
- Izifundo kwiigundane ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-THS ibangela ukutshintsha kwama-molecular kwiiseli ezikhokelela ekumanyeni kwe-insulin (ngokulula, i-precursor to diabetes.)
- Kukho ubungqina bokuqala bokuthi i-THS inokuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza. I-Nitrosamines - iikhemikhali ezitholakala kwi-THS - ngaphezu kwemida ephakanyiswe yi-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo yabantwana abaneminyaka eli-1 kuya kwe-6 itholakala kuma-77 ekhulwini kumakhaya abatshitshisileyo. Oku kucatshulwa ukuba kuguqulelwe kwi-1 imeko yomhlaza kubo bonke abantu abayi-1000. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba olu phando lusemncinci kakhulu, kwaye ezininzi iikhemikhali kumsi womnye ongasetyenziswanga ngale ndlela.
- Ukuhlonywa kwe-THS kwiimfucu kungabangela isifo sesibindi esinamafutha, esingaholela ekutheni isifo se-cirrhosis nesifo senhliziyo.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwentsimbi yesithathu kungabangela ukutshintsha kwezinto eziphilayo kwiiseli ezidlulela kwi-fibrosis, ephakamisa inkxalabo yokuba inokudlala indima kwi-COPD ne-asthma.
- Utshintsho kwindlela iiplatelet ezidibanisa ngayo ngenxa ye-THS iphakamisa inkxalabo yokuba i-THS inokwandisa ingozi yegazi kunye neentliziyo zesifo.
- Ukuchazwa kwe-THS kwimichiza kubangela ukungahambi kakuhle, kwaye kukho inkxalabo yokuba ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kubantwana kunokubangela ukuba kube neemeko ezinzulu zeengxaki ze-neurological.
Kucingelwa ukuba abantwana basengozini enkulu kunabantu abadala. I-carcinogens ngothuli ihlala ihlala phantsi-apho abantwana behleli khona bedlala. Abantwana banakho amathuba okubeka iminwe yabo emilonyeni yabo emva kokuthinta indawo echaphazelekayo yi-THS.
Inqanaba eliphezulu lokunyamezela likhusela kwinqanaba elithile, ngoko imimandla, apho kuncitshiswa khona, kuya kuba nomngcipheko omkhulu wokungcola. I-ozone emoyeni iyahluka. Ngokomzekelo, ukusabela kwamanzi ama-hydrocarboni angcolileyo kwi-THS kunye ne-ozone emoyeni kuya kuba yinkxalabo enkulu kwi-moya, kunokutsho kwisithuthi emhlabathini.
Indlela Yokuphepha Umsi wesandla wesithathu
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuphepha umsi wesandla wesithathu kukuba unomgaqo-nkqubo wokunyamezela ukutshaya kwindlu yakho nakwisithuthi sakho. Ngokungafani nomsi wesithandi, ukuphuphuma umoya okuncinci akunakunciphisa i-THS, kwaye emva kokuba kukho umsi wesandla wesithathu, unganokwazi.
Ngokungafaniyo nomdala omdala; Ixesha aliphilisa xa lifika kumsi wesandla wesithathu. Inyaniso yokuba i-THS ihlala phezu kwayo ibonakala ukuba uke wahlala ehotele ebenokubakho ukutshaya. Nangona ingabikho ukutshaya umsi kwiminyaka elishumi, abo abanama-bloodhound bangakwazi ukubamba iintlobo zeentsuku xa imithetho ihlukile. Kwakhona uphando luye lwaqinisekisa le nto. AmaS Swabs athathwe emakhaya apho ukutshaya kwenzeke khona kunamanqanaba athathekayo we-THS emva kokushiywa ngaphandle kweenyanga ezimbini.
Ukuba usalindele ukuba ufumaneke kwi-THS, zilapha izicebiso ezimbalwa:
- Gcoba, uhlambe iinwele zakho kunye nesikhumba xa uye wahlulwa kwi-THS.
- Xa kunokwenzeka, indawo ecocekileyo kunye nezinto ezigqithiseleyo ukutshaya iviniga. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba le nto ayisoloko isebenza, kwaye inokuthi ichithe ngokusisigxina kwaye ilahle izinto eziphathekayo kunye neendawo.
- Ukuba ukhetha ukuvumela ukutshaya ekhaya, vula iifestile kwaye uzama ukukhubaza ukutshaya kumagumbi anemigca. Oko kwathiwa, ngokufudumala okuphakathi okanye umoya ophakathi i-contaminants iyakusasazeka kwikhaya lakho.
- Fundisa bakho abahlobo kunye nosapho. Izifundo ezijonge iinkolelo zabantu abajikeleza ukutshaya ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukuba ababhemayo bayazi ukuba ukutshaya kwabo (ngokusebenzisa umbane okanye umsi wesandla wesithathu) kuthintela abanye, banako ukunyanzelisa ukukhutshwa komsi wokutshaya.
Indlela yokususa umsi wesandla wesithathu
Ukususa i-THS kunzima kunokuba kuzwakala. Ukuhlamba okanye ukomisa ukucoca kuphela akunakukusika. Ukuze i-cleaner isuse i-nicotine, imele ibe yomelele. Nangona kunjalo ininzi isepha i-alkaline (ephikisana ne-acidic) kwaye ihluleka ukususa i-nicotine nakwiindawo ezipholileyo. Ukusebenzisa isisombululo esicacile njengesiviniga singasusa ii-THS kwiindawo ezinjengeemabula, kodwa ayisoloko isetyenziswa. Uninzi lwabantu alufuni ukuba izitya ezidibeneyo zicolile njengeviniga. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ukususa i-THS kwimfucu kungenakwenzeka. Ukuba unqwenela ukususa umsi wesandla wesithathu ukusuka kwikhaya lakho, ukuthatha indawo yokupakisha, nakuba ixabiso, kuyona ndlela ikhethekileyo.
Ukuyeka ukutshaya yindlela efanelekileyo yokuphepha umsi wesandla wesithathu.
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