Ukuba ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba unomzimba wamaphaphu, unokusongela. Ziyintoni na izazi xa zisithi "ubuhlungu bemiphunga," ziziphi izizathu ezibangelwayo, ziphi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kwaye yiziphi iimvavanyo ezinganokucetyiswa ukuba zichonge isizathu?
Inkcazo
"Umzimba wamaphaphu" uchazwa njengendawo engavumelekanga okanye indawo kwimiphunga engaphezulu kwe-3 cm (1½½ intshi) ngobukhulu.
Ukuba indawo (okanye amabala) angaphantsi kwama-3 cm ububanzi, endaweni yoko kuthiwa " imiphunga yamaphaphu ." Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo zomzimba wamaphaphu zihluke kwi-nodule yamaphaphu, kunye nethuba lokuba ukungaqhelekanga kunokuba nomhlaza.
Izizathu
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, igama le-pulpe nodule lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza imimandla encinane engavamile emiphakeni kunomlinganiselo wamaphaphu. Ngokubanzi, ithuba lokuba umbhobho wamaphaphu unobunzima ngaphezu kwexesha lokuba libi (umdlavuza),
Ngelishwa, imbangela eqhelekileyo yobunzima emiphakeni yenye yeentlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga . Ngaphambi kokuba uphelelwe ngumsindo xa ufunda oku, nangona kunjalo, kukho izizathu ezinobungozi bomzimba wamaphaphu. Kwaye nokuba ngaba ngumhlaza wemiphunga, zombini unyango kunye nokuqhubekayo kuphuculwe kwiminyaka yamuva. Njengoko ufunda, gcina oku engqondweni, ingakumbi ukuba unomntu ophethe umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphezu konyaka okanye amabini adlulileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, umhlaza wamaphaphu ophezulu (umgca wesi-4 umdlavuza wamaphaphu) unokuthi uphathwe njengesifo esingapheliyo.
Futhi ukuxilonga iziyobisi (okokuqala kuvunywe ngo-2015 kwaye ngoku 4 kuyafumaneka) ngamanye amaxesha kungakhokelela "kwimpendulo ehlala njalo" (i-oncology yenjongo mhlawumbi kwiphilisi) kubantu abanezigaba eziphambili kakhulu zesifo.
Umdlavuza womlenze uqheleke kakhulu kwaye okwangoku kubangelwa imbangela yokufa komhlaza kumadoda nakwabasetyhini e-United States.
Umdlavuza womlenze unokwenzeka nakubantu abangazange bavume, kwaye ngokwenene, ininzi (malunga neepesenti ezingama-80) zabantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngeli xesha ababheki; mhlawumbi babeshushu okanye bangabikho. Ubuncinane ama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abazange bashiye i-cigarette enye. Ngokungafani nokunciphisa umhlaza wamaphaphu kumadoda amadala, kwelinye iqela labantu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uye wanda kakhulu: abancinci, abangabhiyiyo nabesifazane. Oko kwathiwa, kukho izilwanyana ezinobungozi (ezingekho komhlaza) ezibangela izihlwele zamaphaphu.
Ezinye izimbangela zemizimba yomphunga ziquka:
- Umhlaza wemiphunga.
- Amanye amachiza. Ezinye iisomhlaza ezinokubonakala ngathi ubukhulu emiphakeni ziquka i-lymphomas kunye ne-sarcomas.
- I-Benign (engeyiyo umdlavuza) iimfomula zamaphaphu, ezifana ne- hamartomas , uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesifo se-tumor yesifo.
- I-Metastase (isasazeka) yamanomdla ukusuka kwamanye emimandla yomzimba ukuya kumphunga. Amanqwelana aqhelekileyo asasazeka kwimiphophu kwaye angenza umthamo wamaphaphu okanye amaninzi kubandakanya umdlavuza webele, umhlaza wekoloni, umdlavuza wesisu, kunye nomhlaza wesibeletho.
- Amathumba omzimba. Ama-Absesses afumanekileyo "aphethwe" kwaye aqulethwe ngumzimba.
- Iimpembelelo ze-AV. I-AV malformation ixhamlwano olungavumelekanga phakathi kwemibhobho kunye neemvini ezidla ngokuvela ekuzalweni.
- Lipoid pneumonia.
- Izifo. Izifo ezinjenge-fungal ezifana ne-coccidiomycosis kunye ne-blastomycosis kunye nezifo ezinjenge-echinococcus (i-hydatid cysts) zinokubangela imiphunga yemiphunga.
- Iimpawu zeerurysms zepulmonary. Ukugqithisa kwiimitha ezithatha ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kumaphaphu kunokubonakalisa ubunzima kwiimvavanyo zengqondo.
- Amyloidosis. I-Amyloidosis yakha iiprotheni ezingavamile ezenza ubunzima.
Isiqhagamshelo kwiCarcer
Ngokudabukisayo, ukuxilongwa okunokwenzeka, ukuba unomzimba wamaphaphu, ngumhlaza wemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo kukho izizathu ezininzi ezingasomdla, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla. Ubunzima bomphunga bunokwenzeka ukuba unomdlavuza xa kuchazwa ngokuthi " iglasi yomhlaba " kwingxelo yokucinga, kanti ukufumanisa " ukubalwa " kuqhelekile kwiimathumba ezinobungozi.
Ukuba i-tumor ichazwa ngokuthi "i- cavitary " nayo inokuba yinto enobungozi. Imbali yokutshaya, okanye ukusebenza kwimisebenzi kunye nokuvezwa kwezidalwa ezibangelwa ngumhlaza kuphakamisa amathuba okuba isisu sinomdlavuza.
Imibuzo Ugqirha wakho unokubuza
Into yokuqala ogqirha uya kufuna ukuyenza yenzani imbali ngokucophelela kunye nomzimba. Ezinye zeembuzo angazibuza ziquka:
- Uke wakha?
- Ngaba uhambe nje kutshanje?
- Ziziphi ezinye iimeko zonyango onayo?
- Ngaba unembali yentsapho yeyiphi na ingxaki yonyango kuquka nomhlaza wamaphaphu kunye neminye imiphunga?
- Ngaba uye wavezwa kwizinga eliphezulu lee-radon ekhaya lakho? ( IRadon yimbangela yesibini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.)
- Ngaba unayo nayiphi na impawu efana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , ukukhwehlela igazi , ukuphefumula okufutshane , intlungu kwindawo yompompo , ehlombe , okanye emva , okanye unokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachangekiyo ?
Ukuxilongwa
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zembali yolondolozo kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba, iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ziquka:
- I-CT scan. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ubona umthamo wamaphaphu kwi x-ray yesifuba , enye yezinto zokuqala anokucebisa ukuba yi-CT scan ukuze ubujonge ubunzima ngakumbi. Oku kunokukunceda ukucacisa ubukhulu kunye nendawo yobunzima, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uqinisekise ukuba ubunzima abukho "i-artifact" kwi-x-ray-oko kukuthi, into ebonakala ngathi ubukhulu kodwa yayingekho, njengokuba kwezicubu.
- Izifundo zeMRI.
- I- PET scan . Iskripthi se-PET yisifundo sokucinga esicinga ukukhula okusebenzayo kwindawo ekhanyelayo. Ngokomzekelo, indawo enokukrokra engabonakali kwi-PET yokutshekisha ingaba yindawo ebomvu yesikhumba kodwa iindawo ezikhanyayo (ibonakalisa uphawu lokukhula okukhulayo) kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe ngumdlavuza womhlaza. Izilingo ezinje zinokukunceda xa umntu enesifo sengqondo somhlaza wesifuba, isifo sikaHodgkin, okanye umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngexesha elidlulileyo, njengokuba imisebe ingabangela iisundu ezibukeka zifana ne-tumor kwi-imaging.
- IBronchoscopy . Ukuba ubunzima buphakathi kwimiphunga ecaleni kwendlela ehamba phambili, i-bronchoscopy inganconywa. Ngethuba le-bronchoscopy, oogqirha badlulisa ityhubhu eguquguqukayo emlonyeni wakho kwaye wehla kwi-bronchi yakho. Olu vavanyo luyakwazi ukubheka ukungalingani kunye nokufuphi kwendlela ehamba phambili, kwaye i-biopsy inokwenziwa xa kuyimfuneko. I-endobronchial ultrasound inokwenziwa kwakhona (i-ultrasound eyenziwa nge-bronchi) ngexesha le-bronchoscopy ukujonga okungaqhelekanga kwimpompo kodwa ngokufutshane ne-airways.
- Inaliti efanelekileyo ye-biopsy . Ukuba ubukhulu bemiphunga yakho kwimimandla engaphandle yemiphunga, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma i-biopsy ngenaliti ebeka udonga lwesifuba kunye nobunzima ukuze athole isampuli yenyama.
- Utyando lwemiba . Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukufumana isampuli yeeseli kumpompo wakho kunye nenaliti ye-biopsy okanye nge-bronchoscopy. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, utyando lwe-thoracic lunganconywa ukuba ufumane isampuli yamathambo . Oku kunokwenziwa ngokubambisana okuncinci kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ngekhamera (utyando lwe-thoracoscopic), okanye ngokungeniswa kwendabuko ukufikelela kwimiphunga (thoractomy).
Unyango
Unyango lwempompo yakho luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko ebangela. Ukuba ngumhlaza wesifo somdlavuza okanye ukusasazeka komhlaza ukusuka kwenye indawo yomzimba kumpompo, ukhetho lwezokwelapha lungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, okanye unyango lwe-radiation. Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zezifo zamaphaphu, ezifana nezifo, ziya kunyangwa ngokusekelwe kukuxilongwa wena kunye nogqirha wakho ubeke emva kokuvavanya.
Benign vs. Malignant Masses
Ingadideka kakhulu xa uqala ukufumanisa ukuba unesigxina somphunga okanye umphunga wamaphaphu. Kutheni kungelula ukuxelela ukuba kukho into enomdlavuza okanye akunjalo? Kutheni iyeza zinyango? Oku kunokuba luncedo ukufunda umahluko phakathi kwesifo esibi nesibi .
ILizwi
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uqinisekile ukuba umpompo wakho unomdlavuza, usenokuba ukhathazekile. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ukuba oko kuchaza wena, thatha isikhashana ufunde malunga namanyathelo okuqala ukuthatha xa ufumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Khumbula ukuba unyango luya kuphucula. Yiba ngummeli wakho kwaye ufunde ngokusemandleni akho ngesifo sakho. Kukho ummandla omangalisayo womdlavuza wamaphaphu okhoyo kwi-intanethi nabantu abanokunika inkxaso (uhlobo oluthile umntu ohlala nalo nesifo lungakwazi) ngelixa uncedisa ukuqonda kangcono umdlavuza wakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.
> Imithombo:
> Kasper, DL .., Fauci AS, kunye noHauser, SL. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
> Phinda, HI. Iimigaqo kunye nokusebenza komhlaza wamaphaphu: umbhalo we-IASLC ngokusemthethweni. Philadelphia: IWolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Print.
> Yao, Y., Lv, T., no-Y. Ingoma. Indlela yokuchonga i-Nodules yePulmonary: Ukususela kwi-Screening kuya kwiNyango. Uphando lweLung Cancer Research . 2017. 6 (1): 3-5.