Ngaba i-Ebola iyatshintsha?
Ewe. Umbuzo ngokwenene kukuba: Ngaba unomdla?
Iintsholongwane ziguquka.
Umkhuhlane uguquka. Iimvumba zitshintsha. I-polio iyatshintsha. Ilanga liphuma. Ilanga libeka.
Ii-virus ze-RNA - ezifana ne-Ebola - zitshintshisa ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iintsholongwane. Xa i-virus ye-RNA ikopisha ngokwayo, ayifaki ukuyihlola kunye ne-DNA virus. Kukho rhoqo utshintsho oluninzi.
Ezinye iintsholongwane zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
I-Influenza -plentiful worldwide - mix mixings kunye nemidlalo phakathi kweentlobo. Ezinye iintsholongwane zitshintshe ngaphantsi, njengemasisi.
Ebola iguquka
I-Ebola incinci. Ingenalo ulwazi oluninzi lwezofuzo. Ingqondo enye (kunye neengcinga ezimbi) I-virus ye-RNA engama-nucleotide ama-19,000 ubude. Oku akunjalo. Abantu baneebhiliyoni ezi-3 zeebhiliyoni. Kodwa iintsholongwane ziba ncinane kakhulu, zixakeke ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezininzi. I-Ebola izisa ububi ngeeprotheni ezi-7 kuphela.
Izazinzulu ziye zajonga emva kokusasazeka kwegciwane le-Ebola eNtshona Afrika. Babona ubuninzi bokuguquka kwemvelo - kwizigulane kunye phakathi kwezigulane. Intsholongwane yayiguqule njengoko ikopishwe kwakhona kwakhona. I-Ebola inokufikelela ngokuphakamileyo njengezigidi zezigidi nganye ngegazi elithile kubantu abaphila - kwaye baninzi kakhulu kulabo abangenalo. Yandisa ukuba ngamawaka abantu abaye banesifo. Leyo mininzi yokukopisha - kwaye amaninzi amathuba okuguqula okungalunganga okuvelisa uphuculo.
Naphezu kwazo zonke ezi zinguqulelo, izazinzulu ziyakwazi ukubona ukuba ezi zihlunu zixhomekeke kwisingeniso esisodwa - sicinga ukuba sisuka kwi-bat. I-Ebola yayitshintsha kodwa oko kwakungenakuthetha ukuba kuya kuba yingozi.
Utshintshiselwano alisoloko lubaleka
Utshintsho aluthetha ukuba intsholongwane iya kuba negalelo okanye iyingozi.
Ukwenza ikopi yesifo sifana nokudlala ucezu kwipiyano. Ukutshintshana kufana nokushaya inqaku elingalunganga xa udlala umculo. Ngokuqhelekileyo inqaku elingalunganga lenza isiqwenga sibi nakakhulu. Akunakukuchaphazela kakhulu. Kungonakalisa isiqwengqo ngokupheleleyo. Kulula ukuba kwenzeke isiqwenga esidume kakhulu. Ngaphantsi nje ukutshintshwa kwentsholongwane kuya kwenza ukuba isifo sisasazeke.
Ukuguqulwa okufunyenweyo akuzange kuboniswe ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko uGqir Gire waseYunivesithi yaseHarvard oye wasebenza kule mizobala yemfuza uye wabonisa, ukuxhalaba malunga nokuba i-Ebola iya kutshintsha kwaye ibe yinto ehamba ngeenqwelo zomoya kuya kubakho ukhathazeka ngeentonga eziguqula kwaye zikhupha amaphiko. Abo bajonge i-immune kubonakala bahlala bekhuselekile njengokuba intsholongwane iqhubeka ishintshana. Akukho nkxalabo yokuba izitofu eziphuhliswayo ziza ku funeka ziqhubeke ne-virus eguqukayo ngokukhawuleza-kwaye ngokwenene iinjongo ezivela phambili, ukugqashuka okuhambisanayo kubhekiswa kuphuhliso lokugonya.
UDkt. Anthony Fauci, isiGqeba sikaZwelonke soLwabiwo-mzimba kunye noMlawuli weZifo eziThatshulayo, uthe: "Akumangalisi ukuba yonke intsholongwane iyatshintsha". Uyongezelela, akukho nto ixhalabele ngentsholongwane ye-virus.
Ebola mhlawumbi kwakukho ngaphambi kokuba siyazi.
Ngaphambi kokuba sazi ukuba i-Ebola yayiseNtshona Afrika, mhlawumbi kwakukho.
Izazinzulu zabujonga emva kwegazi ezigcinwe kwizigulane ezazize esibhedlele ezazicingelwayo-kodwa zivavanywe kakubi ngenxa ye-Lassa fever. Esi sifo sisifo se-viral hemorrhagic fever etholakala eNtshona Afrika apho i-Ebola isasazeka khona. I-Lassa inokufana ne-Ebola kodwa incinci ifa kwimeko yalo (malunga ne-10%) - kodwa kukho iimeko ezininzi zaseLassa, ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo abantu baninzi bafa ukusuka eLassa (5000) ngonyaka eNtshona Afrika kunokuba ku-Ebola, esele ithathe ubomi abangaphezu kwama-11 000 ukususela ngo-2013, kodwa oko kwada kwaba ngowama-2013 kuye kwabangelwa amacala athile awaziwayo eNtshona Afrika. Abaninzi bezigulane bacinga ukuba babe neLassa abavavanya i-Lassa Fever bafa (36%).
Yintoni ebangel 'umdla kukuba ukusuka ngo-2011-4, phakathi kwabo bacinga ukuba babe neLassa kodwa iLassa engalunganga, izigulane ezingama-22% zivavanyelwe ukuba zineempembelelo ze-Ebola. (Nangona kunjalo, kuphela 1 kwizinto ezininzi kubonakala ukuba inesifo sengculazi kwisampula yegazi, oko bekuya kubonisa intsholongwane yangoku). Ezinye zezi zi gulane zibe zigula nge-Ebola; abanye bebebenokugula kwangaphambili.
I-Ebola mhlawumbi ixhamle kwizilwanyana ukuya kumaxesha amaninzi kwiminyaka eNtshona Afrika.
Ukuba kukho i-Ebola kwindawo yangaphambi, le meko i-Ebola edala ivela kwizilwanyana.
Siyazi kwiCote d'Ivoire eseduze, kukho imeko eyodwa ye-Ebola, yohlobo oluthile (i-Taï Forest ebolavirus), ephuma kuma-chimpanzi, abuye afa no-Ebola. Ezi ziqhwala zibonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba abantu banentsholongwane ngaphambili.
Kutheni kusasazeka ngoku?
Ukuze eso sifo sisasaze, kukho imfuneko yokuxuba-kwaye mhlawumbi inhlanhla engalunganga. Akuthethi ukuba usulelo luye lwaguquka ukuba lube negalelo. Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela xa isifo sisasazeka. Isimo sezulu esinyayo kunye nesilwanyana (oko kukuthi) ukufuduka kunokuchaphazela ukuba ngaba abantu badibanisa nezilwanyana ezithwele i-Ebola. Uphuculo lweNdlela lunokunceda - bobabini basasazeka isifo ngokukhawuleza kwaye baninzi kwaye bavumele ukuphendula kwisifo. Abo bahlala bekhupha isifo ngokungafihli banokuhamba phambili; abo bagulayo banokunyamekela okanye babuyele ekuboneni iintsapho ngeendlela ezingcono. Ukongezelela, amaninzi amaninzi aqale abuyele emngcwabeni omkhulu wonyango oqhelekileyo ophilileyo owafa emva kokuzama ukuphilisa izigulane, okwabangelwa ukusasazeka kweso sifo kwezinye iindawo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezikhokelela i-Ebola ukusasazeka eNtshona Afrika.