Isifo asifumaneki e-US, kodwa siqheleke kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele
I-Schistosomiasis isifo esibangelwa izibungu zincinci, iimbongolo ezifunyenwe ngamachibi amanzi angcolileyo. Izibungu, ezivuthiwe zikhula kwimisipha ehlala kulowo machibi, ngena esikhwameni sakho njengoko ugibela okanye uhlambe echibini.
Iimbungu ezibangela ukuba le sifo ayitholakali e-United States, kodwa isifo esiqhelekileyo emhlabeni wonke, ukuthelela abantu abayizigidi ezingama-240 ngonyaka.
Ichaphazela abantu abaninzi kunanoma yiphina i-parasite ngaphandle kwe-malaria. Itholakala kumazwe angama-70, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-bilharzia okanye i-bilharziasis.
Esi sifo esineempembelelo ezinkulu-mhlawumbi sandisa ukwanda kwe-HIV kunye nesifo se- hepatitis C.
Yintoni Ngokwenene I-Schistosomiasis?
I-Schistosomiasis isifo kubantu , kodwa isinyathelo esinye kwisigxina somphefumlo we-schistosoma. Ezi iimbongo zifuna ngaphezu kwezinto nje ngabantu ezijikelezayo; Bafuna amachibi amanzi amanzi kunye namachibi ngamanqatha, kunye nokungcola kococo lwabantu.
Amaqanda e-schistosome aqulethwe kwisigxina somntu okanye umchamo, kwaye afakwa emachibi apho abantu abanakho ukucoceka okufanelekileyo. La maqanda ayaqhawula, kwaye emva kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokuphuhlisa ahlala ngaphakathi kweemingxuma echwebeni.
I-Larvae kamva ivela emanzini kwaye isasazeka emanzini, apho iya kufumana umntu owela emanzini. Izibungu zingena ngqo kwikhumba lomntu, zingena kwigazi labo.
Baya kudlula emiphakeni nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba kude bafike apho babeka khona amaqanda, kwaye umjikelezo uqala kwakhona.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeSchistosomias ezibangelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-fluke. S. mansoni , S. haematobium, kunye ne- S. japonicum kubangelwa isifo esikhulu . S. intercalatum no S.
i-mekongi ayiqhelekanga.
S. mansoni yinto eqhelekileyo, echaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80 emhlabeni jikelele. Itholakala kwiindawo ezininzi eMzantsi Melika, kwiiCaribbean, e-Afrika, nakumaMbindi-mpuma, kwaye ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisibindi. Amaqanda e-S. haematobium afakwa kwi-bladder okanye kwinqanaba lomzimba wesini. Yibangela igazi emthini kwaye ingabangela ukonakala apho amaqanda abekwe khona. Itholakala e-Afrika, eMbindi Mpuma, nakwiCorscia, eFransi.
I-S. japonicum itholakala e-China, ePhilippines nakwezinye iindawo zoMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kodwa nangona libizo layo, lingaqhelekanga eJapan. Ichaphazela isibindi namathumbu, kodwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo nazo zingakwazi ukuphazamisa ingqondo, ekhokelela ekubanjweni kwegazi kunye nemiphumo yengqondo. I- intercalatum ye- S. itholakala ngokukodwa kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo naseCameroon. Ukuxhaphaka kwayo kuhla. Ingabangela isitofu segazi kunye nepen ekhulisiweyo.
I- mekongi ifana ne-S. japonicum , kodwa itholakala kuMlambo iMekong, ngakumbi eCambodia naseLaos.
Iimpawu zeSchistosomias
Abanye abantu baziva bexakeke apho izibungu zingena esikhumbeni. Abanye abavakalelwa nantoni de emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Iimpawu zingabandakanywa ukugqithisa okuphazamisayo, izifo, umkhuhlane owomileyo kunye negazi kumchamo.
Kuyakwazi ukuphucula i-Katayama syndrome (elinye igama le-scytosomies infection) ezimbini kwiiveki ezili-12 emva kokuqala kokubhenca kwi- S. mansoni okanye i- S . japonicum . Njengoko i-schistosom worm (schistosomula) engumntwana iqala ukuhamba ngegazi kwaye i-egg laying iqala, abanye abantu bahlakulela ubusuku ebusuku, ukukhwehlela (njengeemfungu emiphakeni), izihlungu zomzimba, intloko yesifo kunye nezinye iintlungu.
Kwiintsholongwane zendalo ze-schistosoma ezihamba kwiimvumba ezijikeleze isibindi, umntu unokufumana ingozi enkulu yokwakheka kwesibindi kunye nezinye iingxaki zesibindi, kubandakanya umdlavuza wesibindi kunye nomhlaza omnyama.
i-haematobium iya kwi-bladder, kodwa nayo ingabangela izilonda zomzimba kubasetyhini. Oku kudibene nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wesisu.
Unyango lweSchistosomiasis
Kukho izidakamizwa, njenge praziquantel , ezinokunyanga ngokuthelelekileyo sulelo. Nangona kunjalo, isifo sifumaneka ngokukhawuleza, xa sele sonakalise isibindi okanye ezinye izitho, kwaye umonakalo awukwazi ukuchithwa.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuyiselwe kwakhona, kwaye iimbungu kunye namaqanda azo zinokuqhubeka ixesha elide.
Ngelishwa, kwiindawo ezininzi apho i-schistosomias iqhelekileyo, izibonelelo zoncedo lwezokwelapha azifumaneki. Kuyisifo sobumpofu-kubantu abangenayo inkunkuma epheleleyo. Imiphumo ibaluleke kakhulu kuluntu oluchaphazelekayo.
Kwezinye iindawo, abaninzi abantwana banokusulelwa ngu-schistosomiasis, enxulumene ne-anemia, kunye nokukhula okunamandla kunye nezinye iziphumo zophuhliso.
Ezi zifo zingabangela imbangela ebalulekileyo yezifo kuluntu. I-S. haematobium ikhokelela ekuqhenqeni kwesibindi esandisa uxinzelelo kunye nokulimaza iintso. Kudibaniswa nomhlaza wesisu. Kwakhona kudibaniswa nokungazinzi. Imiphumo emva kwintsholongwane (kunye ne-portal system) kunye ne-vesti kunye neentso zingabanceda amalungu asekudala asekuhlaleni.
Iimbungu ezifayo zingalahleka emzimbeni. Ezinye zidala iingxaki ezinkulu zemiphunga. Abanye bangabanjwa kwingqondo kwaye bangabangela ukukhubazeka, iingxaki zokuthetha, kunye nokuthintela.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, izilonda zomzimba ezisuka ku-S. haematobium kunye nezinye izifo zesifo se-schistosomias zingenza abafazi babe mngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. Ukongezelela, iYiputa inamazinga aphezulu e-hepatitis C emhlabeni wonke, ekucingelwa ukuba isasazwe inxalenye ngamaliti angcolileyo asetyenziswa kwiphankaso ye-anti-schistosomiasis.
> Imithombo:
> Bustinduy AL et al. Ukwandisa iPraziquantel (PZQ) Ukufikelela ngaphaya kweeNkqubo zoLawulo lweMigudu yoLwabiwo-mali: Ukudala indlela eya phambili kwi-PZQ yokuQala i-PZQ ye-Schistosomiasis. I-PLoS ilahlekelwe yiZifo eziTropical. 2016 Septemba 22; 10 (9): e0004946.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iziphazamisi: Ishidi lomxholo we-Schistosomiasis.
> I-Kapoor S. Katayama syndrome kwizigulane ezine-scytosomiasis. I-Asia Pacific Journal yeTropical Biomedicine. 2014 Mar; 4 (3): 244.
> Kjetland EF et al. Ingxelo yokuqala esekelwe kuluntu malunga nempembelelo yesifo sengqondo se-Schistosoma isifo se-haematobium ekuzaleni kwabasetyhini. Ukhuseleko kunye nobuthathaka. 2010 Sep; 94 (4): 1551-3.
> Mekonnen Z et al. I-Schistosoma mansoni ukusuleleka kunye nokungondleki phakathi kwabantwana besikolo esikolweni kwi-Fincha'a i-sugar estate, inxalenye yasemaphandleni yaseNtshona Koloni. Amanqaku oPhando lweBMC. 2014 Oktobha 27; 7: 763.