U-Chikungunya uthabatha idumela elibi kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezibuhlungu kunye nefuthe. Kwakhona ukuqokelela umhlaba. Ngaphambili efunyenwe e-Asia nakwi-Afrika, isasazeka kwiiCaribbean ngo-2013 kwaye ngoku iyakwiMntla neMzantsi Melika. Umiyane olumayo kwiindawo zaseFlorida naseTexas zinokusasaza iChikungunya.
Yintoni iChikungunya?
I-Chikungunya (chik-en-gun-ye) yintsholongwane yentsholongwane eyenza umkhuhlane kunye nentlungu edibeneyo isasazeka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngokukhawulwa kwemibu.
Igama lithetha "into ephakama" kwiilwimi zaseMatonde eTanzania apho eso sifo sasiqatshelwa kuqala ngawo-1950. Igama libhekisela kwindlela abo basulelekileyo abanokusuleleka ngayo: baqhaqhaqhazwa ngentlungu edibeneyo.
Chikungunya isasazeka njani?
Usuleleko lusasazeka ngokulunywa kwintombi yase- Aedes aegypti okanye i- Aedes albopictus umiyane . Ukuluma kufuneka kwenzeke emva kokuba umlumko ulumle umntu osuleleka kuChikungunya. Abahambayo abahambahambayo abaza kusasazeka izifo ukuba bangabi nantoni ngenye yale miyane.
Inyosi ye-Aedes aegypti ifumaneka kwimimandla yasemazantsi eFlorida, eTexas, nase-Arizona kunye neengxenye ezincinci zaseCalifornia. I- Aedes albopictus umiyane isasaze phambili ngasentla kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ifikelela e-Chicago naseNew York City . Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi beentongwane abukho phezulu kwiindawo zaseCaribbean apho isifo sele sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza. I-Central America kunye neendawo zaseMzantsi Melika, ngokukodwa iVenezuela, ziye zaba nezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
Iintsholongwane zihlala zixhaphaza kubantu abangaphelelwanga ngaphambili - ngokukodwa kwimimandla yasezidolophini ezinabantu abaninzi bezilumko. Abangaphezu kwe-1 kwaba-3 babesulelekile kwizifo ezidlulileyo (iReunion Island, eCambodia).
Ezi zimibu ziluma lonke usuku, nangona zihamba ngokuhlwa. Bahlala bexela ngaphakathi kwaye banokuluma unyaka wonke kwiindawo ezifudumalayo.
Bazalela emanzini amaninzi, afumaneka kwiibhakethi, izindlu zangasese kunye namathayi.
Umama osulelekileyo unokugqithisa ukusuleleka kumntwana wakhe ekuzalweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuba nempilo xa intsholongwane ivele kakuhle ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Izifo ziyakwazi ukusasazwa ngokunyelwa igazi.
Ngaba ezinye iintlobo ze-Chikungunya zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunabanye?
Ewe, ngenhlanhla, ubunzima obufumaneka kwi-Amerika asinjalo umda osasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwimiyane e-North America, i- Aedes albopictus . Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 - eNtshona Afrika, e-East / Central / South Africa (ECSA), nase-Asia. Ezinye iinjongo ze-ECSA zinokuguqulwa (okubizwa ngokuba yi-A226V, ngaphakathi kwiprotheni ye-E1) evumela i- Aedes albopictus ukuba isasaze ngokukhawuleza i-Chikungunya.
Uyaphi na?
I-Chikungunya ifunyenwe ngaphambili kwiAfrika nase-Asia. Kwasasazeka kwisiqithi saseReunion ngo-2005, ukuya eNdiya ngowama-2006, kunye ne-Italy neFransi ngokuhamba ngomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi ko-2013, kwafunyanwa kuphela ekubuyiseni abahambi kwiNtshona Koloni. I-Chikungunya iqala ukusabalalisa kule ndawo ngo-2013 xa ithe yafunyanwa eSt Martin. Emva koko uye wasasazeka kwiiCaribbean, kuquka iPuerto Rico, iHaiti, neRiphabliki yaseRominican. Liye lasasaza eFlorida kwaye lifunyenwe kwizinyoyi eTexas nakwizigulane zaseMexico.
Ngoku phantse kuwo onke amazwe aseMantla aseMntla nasenyakatho eMzantsi Melika, nakwi-South Pacific.
Ubunzima obufika kwiCaribbean bubonakala buvela e-Asia. Olu hlobo luhlobene ngokusondeleyo kwi-Philippines kunye ne-China (Zhejiang) kunye neMicronesia.
Ndizikhusela njani?
Impendulo elula: ugweme ukuluma. Iifama eziya kwiindawo ezinemiyane kunye neChikungunya zinokubeka abahamba emngciphekweni. Ukuba kukho iingcambu kunye neChikungunya, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuluma kunye nokuzalisa ummi. Iingcambu zikwazi ukuzala kuyo nayiphi na izitya zamanzi ezingabonakaliyo.
Ungavumeli amanzi ahlale kumavili okanye amabhakethi. Zingenanto izitya. Gqoka iimpendulo ezinde kunye neengqayi ukuphepha. Sebenzisa i-insects repellant, njenge-DEET. Sebenzisa izikrini kwiifestile kunye neengcango, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Abo batshabalalayo kunye neveki zokuqala zentsholongwane banqwenela ukulala phantsi komnatha womlingo ngexesha lokukhusela umlingo wokusasazeka.
Ngaba ndiyakusasaza ekhaya?
Mhlawumbi akunjalo ukuba uhlala kwindawo epholileyo. Usulelo luvame "ukungeniswa" ngokubuyisela abahambahambayo abangasasazisanga abanye. Uninzi lweengingqi ze- US neCanada azinaloozinyosi ezifunekayo ukusasaza eso sifo. Umiyane kufuneka ulume umntu osulelekileyo kwaye ulume omnye umntu ukuba asasaze usulelo (ngaphandle kwegazi okanye ukuzalwa). Ukuluma kuyakufuneka kwenzeke ngelixa isifo sengculaza sisesegazini lomntu ogulayo. Iinqanaba zeVirus ziphakame kwiintsuku ezi-3, ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala iintsuku ezili-8, kodwa zihlala ixesha elide (iintsuku ezili-17). Uninzi lwabantu ababuyiselwa ngama-aches alinganayo akunakwenzeka ukuba lusuleleke kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuba iimpawu ziqale.