Ewe, izilwanyana zisinceda ngokwenene. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo. Zidla iinambuzane eziyizinambuzane zezolimo, i-pollinate kunye nokusabalalisa imbewu, kwaye zifake izityalo kunye nenkunkuma yazo (isiqhelo).
Kodwa nabo baphatha izifo ezintle ezintle. Ezinye zezi zintsholongwane ziphakathi kwezona zinto zibulala abantu: Ebola, SARS, Rabies, MERS, Marburg, Hendra, neNipah.
Into, amaxhamli awayiqondi. Ziyinto enjenge-badgers yobusi behlabathi leentsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo abagula ngenxa yezifo ezithintekayo.
Kutheni iBats?
Izifo zingasasazeka kwi-bat ukuze zidibanise kalula. Bahlala kwiikoloni ezinamandla. Izifo ziyakunqumla phakathi kwebhethi enye ukuya kwelinye, njengabantu abahlala kwindlela engaphantsi komhlaba okanye eklasini yokufundela egcwele abantwana.
Iibhokhwe nazo zingabonakala zingathinteki sisifo esinokubulala abantu. Iibhatyibhile zineqondo lokushisa lomzimba kwaye zikwazi ukunyamezela iintsholongwane abantu abanako. Ukuziphatha, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iilulwane xa unyangwa zizifo kunokubangela ukudibanisa ngakumbi neentlanzi nabantu. Ngokomzekelo, iilwane zinokuziphatha ngokumangalisa xa zinezidlova, ezifana nokuhamba ngenqanawa emini. Iibhatshe nazo ziyakudlulela, zisasaze intsholongwane kude.
Kwakhona kubuzwa nokuba ukukhutshwa kwehlathi kukukhokelela kulutsha oluthile oluqhagamshelana nabantu. Oku kungakumbi xa amahlathi ehlukeneyo, abe ziqithi zemithi kunye neendawo eziphilayo, nabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezijikeleze ezi ziqithi zehlathi.
Iibhokhwe nazo, njengoko zihamba, zizisa izifo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye; bahlala behlala kwiidolophini.
Rabies
Uninzi lwamaPolisa alinayo i-rabies, kodwa amanye - amaxesha amaninzi ama-5-10% - enza. Uninzi lweemeko zabantu zivela kwizinja, kodwa izilwanyana ziyinkunkuma ephambili yeerbives (kunye nemvelaphi yayo).
Bambalwa abantu abanesifo.
I-US ibona iintsholongwane ezintathu ngonyaka; kwihlabathi eli-160 lifa ngosuku, i-60,000 ngonyaka. Phantse wonke umntu one-rabies uyafa-nangona abahlanu baye baphila (phakathi kwabangu-36 abafumene umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha).
Iprophylaxis ibalulekile ekukhuseleni intsholongwane. Akunjalo nje abo ba chu kumise i-bat abafuna ukuba neprophylaxis ye-rabies. Ngubani ofuna iprophylaxis:
- Naliphi na umntu odityaniswe ngumtya
- Naluphi na umlenze onokubakho umlenze ovelele emlonyeni, isilonda, impumlo, okanye amehlo
- Ukuba umntu avuke aze afumane ibhola ekamelweni
- Ukuba ibhetti itholakala kwigumbi elinomntwana ongalindelekanga
- Ukuba ibhetti itholakala kwigumbi nomntu ongenakho ukuqonda ukuqonda i-bat bite
Wonke umntu kufuneka ahlambe ngesepha kunye namanzi naluphi na ukukhala okanye ezinye iindawo zokubhenca.
Ebola kunye noMarburg
Emva kobuswabizo, obuthathaka babo sele bephantse kwi-100%, i-Ebola kunye neMarburg zimbini zezona zifo zonyango. Ezi ntsholongwane nazo zisasazeka kwiilwane.
Uphando lufumene i-Ebola kwi-5% yamatyala abantu abadala kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo (iGabon neRiphabhliki yaseCongo) ngexesha lokuqubuka (kwaye akukho namnye kulutsha olutsha). Amanqanaba ayephantsi phakathi kweziqhwithi - kwaye ngokuthakazelisayo nangaphezulu nakwiiponti ezikhulelweyo: 33%.
Coronaviruses
Ezinye iipilisi ezimbini eziye zinefuthe lokwenene kwaye zinezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabafundi be-MERS neSARS.
Boba bobabini banamathele kwiilwane. I-SARS ibangele ilizwe eliqela, ukuqhuma okukhawulezayo kunye nokufa okubangelwa eChina 2002-3. Kuye kucatshangelwa ukuba ukuqubuka kwayo kudibaniswa ngqo kulutsha. I-MERS ibangela ukuba usuleleko oluqinileyo kwaye lufuthi lubulalayo, lubangele ukuphefumula komzimba kunye nokusabalalisa inkunzi kunye nokusabalalisa kwizibhedlele eMiddle East. Ixhunyiwe kwiikamela-kodwa icinga ukuba iilwane zidlala indima.
INipah kunye ne-Hendra Viruses
I-Nipah, intsholongwane ekhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abaphezulu kwiBangladesh naseMalaysia, ivela kwiilwane. Isasazeka kwimiqhubi eya kubantu ngokusasa kwesundu eselinxiliswe ngamatye kwaye kamva ngabantu.
Kuye kwasasazeka phakathi kweefama zehagu eMalaysia. Esi sifo sibonakaliswe kwi-Movie Contagion ngenxa yento enokuyenza.
I-virus yeHendra, ebangela izifo ezibulalayo kubantu nakumahashe, zibophelelwe ngamathambo ase-Australia. Ephantse kwi-50% yeentlobo zeentlanzi ezibandakanyekayo zazintle.
Histoplasmosis
Akunjalo nje iintsholongwane. I-fungus efunyenwe emhlabathini inokufumaneka kwi-bat droppings, guano. Ingakhokelela kwiingxaki zamapulmoni kunye neengxaki zegazi ikakhulukazi kubantu abaneengxaki ze-immune system.
Iibhokhwe nangona kunjalo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendalo. Ngaphandle kwabo, ezinye izifo ziyakhula, njengalezo zisasazwa yizikhumba abazidlayo. Nangona kunjalo, abazange balawule ummiyane (kunye nezifo ezithwala izifo) njengokuba zithemba; abayidli ngokwaneleyo ummiyane.
Kubalulekile ukuba ungathinti ibhola ongaziyo zikhuselekile. Bangabonakala bephilile kodwa baphathe isifo esasingalindelanga. Oku kwenzeke ngo-rabies kodwa kuya kwenzeka nakwezinye ezinye izifo.