Iintsholongwane eziNtsholongwane

by Megan Coffee, MD, ugqirha oqinisekisiweyo webhodi

Kukho, kodwa kulungile.

Ezinye iipilisi nazo zibangelwa ngumkhuhlane kunye nokuphuma kwegazi kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yiNtsholongwane yamaHlingozi eHemorrhagic Fever.

Abanye basasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano. Basenokugqithisa inkqubo yokuqhawula kunye nezigulane ziphuma kwiempumlo kunye neentsini okanye ii-IV.

Uninzi lunqabile. Ayifani ne-movie ye-Zombie.

Uninzi lweziganeko zeentsholongwane ezininzi zesifo sentsholongwane zingenzi ukuphaphaza. Akunqabile nakwi-Ebola kuba kukho iimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi.

Uninzi lweemeko - kwanokuba zibulala-azinjalo.

Basenokudidaniswa ne-malaria bafumana rhoqo kufuphi. Oku kunokulibazisa ukuzimela kunye nokubeka abagxininci abasemngciphekweni.

Ingqungquthela, i-infecting 50-100 yezigidi ngonyaka, ingabangela iifompy femrricic fever. Funda apha .

Kukho ezinye izizathu eziyaziwayo:

I-Lassa Fever

Isibhedlele saseSierra Leone esaye esibhedlele sase-Ebola sasisisibhedlele saseLassa. Kwezinye iindawo zaseLiberia naseSierra Leone, kusenokuba uninzi lwe-10% -16% yezigulane ezibhedlele ezineLassa .

I-Lassa, i-arenavirus eNtshona Afrika, ikhula emva kweveki ezi-1-3 emva kokuchaswa. Uninzi (80%) unempawu ezinobunzima: umkhuhlane omnene, ukukhathala, intloko yesifo; I-20% ivelisa ukuphuma kwegazi (igums, impumlo), isisu esiswini / isifuba / intlungu emva, ukuhlanza, ukuvuvukala ubuso, mhlawumbi ukudideka, ukuthuthumela. Ukutshatyalaza kwenzeka. Ezinye ilahleko zokuvalelwa zenzeka ngo-1/3 kunye neempawu.

Kwalabhedlele, malunga ne-15-20% bafa (ngakumbi xa bekhulelwe). I-1% kuphela efa jikelele.

Amatyala angama-300 000-500,000 adala ama-5 000 ukufa rhoqo ngonyaka.

I-Lassa isasazeka xa i-multimammate rat urine / i-droppings ingcolisa ukutya okanye isikhumba esaphukileyo, okanye i-inhaled. Ukudluliselwa komntu kumntu kuya kwenzeka, ngakumbi kwizibhedlele ezizinzileyo.

I-Ribavirin, isicatshulwa se-anti-virus. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kwi-PCR yokuhlola okanye i-ELISAs.

Akukho sitofu.

Icala lokugqibela lase-US lalisendleleni ehambayo evela eNtshona Afrika ngo-2014.

Kukho ezinye iindawo ezingabonakaliyo ze-ornaviruses eMzantsi Melika: i-Junin (i-HF Argentina), i-Machupo (i-Bolivia HF), i-Guanarito (i-Venezuelan HF), iSabia (i-Brazilian HF), i-virus ye-Chapare (e-Bolivia).

Marburg

UMarburg uhambelana nomnye i-filovirus, i-Ebola. Okokuqala yaqaphela ngo-1967 phakathi kwabasebenzi baseLurophu abanokusulelwa yiinyama.

Iintsuku ezingama-5-10 emva kokubhenca, izigulane zihlakulela umkhuhlane, ikhanda lomzimba, i-body aches, isicupunu, ukuhlanza. Baya kuhlamba kwiintsuku 5-8, zilandelwa kukutshatyalaliswa, ukudideka.

Amaxabiso okufa ahluke ngokuxhomekeke kwendawo, mhlawumbi ubunzima kunye nezibonelelo; Ukufa kwaba ngama-21% ngo-1967 kwaye kwafika kuma-80-90% e-Angola nase-DRC ngo-2000-5. Ukufumanisa i-PCR okanye i-ELISA. Akukho nonyango oluthile, okwangoku. Kukho umsebenzi wokugonya.

Isifo sifumaneka e-Uganda, eZimbabwe, e-DRC, eKenya, e-Angola naseMzantsi Afrika. Ukutshintshwa kuvela kwiilwanyana zaseAfrika ezichaphazelekayo-ezichaphazela abavukuzi (okanye abavakhenkethi) kwiimingcwaba ezizaliswe yi-bat by droppings (okanye i-aerosolization). Ukutshintshwa kubonakala kwimibhobho engeyiyo yabantu kunye nezigulane ukuba ukhuseleko aluvumelekanga kumzimbeni womzimba okanye izixobhozi.

Ukuqhambuka kweMarburg kuyinto engavamile. Kuphela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kuyenzeka ukususela ngo-1970.

Amanye amaqela achaphazele abantu 1-15.

Umva wokugqibela uboniswe e-US ngowama-2008 kwindwendwe ebuyelayo evela emgodini ozaliswe ngamathambo e-Uganda.

Ifiva ephuzi

I-Yellow Fever, isasazeka ngokukodwa yi-Aedes, i-flavivirus efana neDengue, Kyasanur, kwaye ibangelwa yimfiva ephazamisayo. I-Yellow Fever ivela kwiindawo zaseMzantsi Melika kodwa ikakhulukazi e-Afrika. Amacala angama-200 000 ngonyaka aholele ekufeni kwabantu abangama-30,000. Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo abanezonyango ezincinane okanye ezingekho. Iimpawu zivela emva kweentsuku ezingama-3-6 emva kokungcola: umkhuhlane, intloko, ukukhathala, imizimba yomzimba, isisongela, ukuhlanza. Uninzi luphucula, kodwa ezinye (malunga ne-15%) zivelisa iimpawu zeempawu ezinzulu okanye ngosuku olulandelayo: ukuphuma kwintsholongwane, isikhumba esiluhlaza, iingxaki zesibindi, ukukhulelwa komkhuhlane, ukuthuthumela.

Ngesifo esibi, i-20-50% iyafa.

Akukho zonyango ezithile. Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody luyakunceda ukuxilongwa

Esinye isosi sokugonya sikhusela iminyaka eyi-10. Isitofu sokugonywa kukuba-kwaye kuphela-abo bahamba kwiindawo ze-Yellow Fever. Iziganeko ezibi kakhulu zingenzeka; abantu kufuneka baxoxe ngokuchasene nokugonya kunye nogqirha wabo.

Ukuthintela kuqukwa: ukukhupha ummiyane (DEET), ukugubungela, ukuphepha iiNdawo zeFlow Yellow, usebenzisa iitrobhe zokulala (nabantu abane-HIV).

Umkhuhlane we-Hemorrhagic nge-renal syndrome (HFRS)

Umkhuhlane weHemorrhagic ne-syndrome ye-renal (HFRS) ibangelwa yi- Bunyaviridae virus : Hantaan, Seoul, Puumala, naseDobrava. Kukho amacala angama-200,000 emhlabeni wonke unyaka, usasazeka ngamanzi / i-droppings evela kwiindonga ezithile e-Asia naseYurophu. I-syndrome ibangela iingxaki zeengtso, iindlovu, kwaye zincinci, ziphuma. I-American Southwest Hantavirus ibangela isifo esingafaniyo ngaphandle kwegazi.

Izifo ziqala kwiiveki 1-2 (ukuya ku-8) emva kokuvalelwa kwintsholongwane, umkhuhlane, umbono obonakalayo, ubuhlungu besisu / intlungu. Kamva abanye bahlakulela: ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, ukuthuthumela, ukuvuza kwemisipha. Amanqanaba okufa ukusuka <1 ukuya ku-15% kuye kuxhomekeke kwintlobo.

I-Bunyaviruses ehambelana nayo, iRift Valley neCrimea-Congo , kubangelwa imfiva ephazamisayo.

Kukho nezinye iifutha ezinobungozi.

Oku kubandakanya i- Rift Valley Fever kunye neCrimea eCongo, i-Hemorrhagic Fever , kodwa ngokungaqhelekiyo izifo zibangelwa ukubola. I-Dengue ingakhokelela ekukhunjini, kodwa kunqabile. I-hepatitis e-Fulminant, efana ne-Hepatitis B, inokuchaphazela i-coagulation kunye ne-clotting. I- icteric leptospirosis ebonakalayo ingakhokelela ekubonakalisweni kweempawu eziqhekezayo , ngokungafanekiyo kwaye kungeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Ezinye izifo zinokubonakala zifana-ukusuka kwi-malaria ukuya kwi-typhoid ukuya kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-hepatitis kunye nezifo ezixhatshazwayo.