ILassa isasazeke eNigeria
Yintoni i-Lassa Fever?
Iimpawu zeLassa zizisa ingqondo kwi-Ebola. Zizo zombini iiNtsholongwane eziNtsholongwane. Boba bobabini bafumaneka eNtshona Afrika. Kodwa iLassa, isifo esincinci siye sava, sikhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
Umntu ngamnye osulelwe nguLassa akanakufa. Kodwa iLassa, ibulala abantu abaninzi; lichaphazela ngaphezulu.
I-Lassa, kucatshangelwa, iholele ekufeni kwabantu abayi-5000 ngonyaka kwaye phakathi kwama-100,000 ukuya ku-300 000 ukusuleleka kunyaka, unyaka.
Kucingelwa ukuba kuholele ekufeni ngo-1% kuphela abachaphazelekayo, nangona la manani angabonisa ukuba kukho izifo ezininzi (okanye ukufa okuncinci okanye izinga lokufa eliphezulu).
Ngokusemthethweni, i-Ebola kuthiwa ibangele ukufa kwabangaphezu kwama-11,300 kunye nokusulelwa kwama-28 600 ukusuka ngoDisemba 2013 ukuya kuDisemba 2015.
Yintoni eyenza uLassa?
Mhlawumbi eNtshona Afrika, apho kufumaneka khona, abaninzi abantu abanentsholongwane kaLassa abafumaneki. Uninzi (80%) lunempawu emnene: umkhuhlane omncinane, ukukhathala, intloko. Ngenye i-20% eneempawu ezinzima kakhulu. Basenokuhlakulela ukuphuma kwegazi (i-mucosal - igums, impumlo), isisu esiswini / isifuba / intlungu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala ubuso, i- conjunctivitis , iprotheni kumchamo, mhlawumbi ukudideka (kunye ne-encephalitis), ukuthuthumela. Ukutshatyalaza kwenzeka. Ezinye ilahleko zokuvalelwa zenzeka ngo-1/3 kwalabo abaneempawu. Abo banesifo esinzima basengozini yokufa. Phantse i-1% iphela iphela.
Abo basesibhedlele banethuba eliphezulu lokufa-kuba bebebenokugula ukuba baye beza esibhedlele okanye banokuba nezinga eliphezulu lokuchasana.
Phantse i-15-20% yezigulane ezibhedlele ziyafa. Izigulane ezininzi zifumana ubunzima bokunakekelwa ngononophelo kwaye amaninzi amaninzi akafumaneki, nangona bafumana iimpawu.
Ngamanye amaxesha izifo zengculaza, ezibona amazinga aphezulu okufa-ukuya kuma-50%, njengoko inqwelana kunye nokudluliselwa kwayo kukhuliswa.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo banokufa.
Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwi-trimester yabo yesithathu basengozini. Iimfesane zabo azivumi ukuzala ngokuzalwa; 95% ayifuni.
Uphi uLassa?
Kwakuqala ukufumanisa i-Lassa e-Borno, eNigeria. Kwakuqala ukuchongwa ngo-1969 xa abahlengikazi ababini bezithunywa zevangeli babulawa.
Ngoku itholakala eNigeria, eSierra Leone, eLiberia naseGuinea. Iimeko ezimbalwa ziye zabikwa eningizimu yeMali, ngaseBurkina Faso, eGhana naseCôte d'Ivoire. Ama-antibodies kwintsholongwane sele efunyenwe kubantu baseTogo naseBenin, ephakamisa umbuzo ukuba ingaba kukho (kodwa iziza-antibodies ezisebenzayo ezingenakuhlala zikhutshwa ngaphandle).
Isibhedlele saseSierra Leone esiye esibhedlele sase-Ebola saseKenema sasisibhedlele saseLassa. Kwezinye iindawo zaseLiberia naseSierra Leone, kusenokuba uninzi lwe-10% -16% yezigulane ezibhedlele ezineLassa.
Ufumana njani uLassa?
I-Lassa Fever ivela emva kweveki ezi-1-3 emva kokuchazwa. Ukubhenca ngokuqhelekileyo kukho "i-multimammate rat" ( iMastomys natalensis ). Oku kutyhila akufuneki ukuba ngqo kwi-rat; usulelo luya kuba ngenxa yokuchasana ne-rat droppings, urine, okanye saliva. Imimandla apho uLassa ifunyenwe yimiba apho le rat itholakala khona.
Ngaba iLassa isasazeka kwizibhedlele?
I-Lassa isasazeka esibhedlele.
Inokusasazeka ukuba ukhuseleko - njengeiglavu neengubo ezingasetyenziswa. Akusasazeka ngokulula njenge-Ebola kwizibhedlele. Ukuqhagamshelana namanzi omzimba kuyadingeka ukuba isasazeke. Isenokusasazeka ngeentonga zeesaliti okanye ukuba iimveliso zonyango azilahli kakuhle emva kokusetyenziswa okanye inzalo yokuphinda isetyenziswe. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezixhobo zonyango kunokwenzeka kwakhona ngaphandle kwezibhedlele, ezikhokelela ekusasazeni.
UDkt Khan, owafa nge-Ebola emva kokuqhuba iseyunithi yaseLassa kwaye kamva i-Ebola iyunithi kwi-Kenema General Hospital, wayethathe isikhundla sakhe emva kokuba udokotela odlulileyo efile eLassa. Ugqirha odlulileyo unesigxina se-needlestick ukusuka kwisigulana saseLassa.
Ngaba kukho unyango?
I-Ribavirin, isicatshulwa se-anti-virus. Eyona ndlela iphumelele xa ikhutshwa kwangaphambili. Ayilona unyango olusisigxina kwaye aluphilwanga zonke iziyobisi.
Uninzi lwonyango luquka ukuphathwa okuxhasayo-ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigulane zi-hydrated kwaye zondliwa, ngelixa zinika umoya-mpilo kunye nonyango olufunekayo.
Ukuziswa komntwana okanye umntwana usenokubonakala ukuphucula impilo kamama okhulelweyo.
I-Ribavirin nayo isetyenziswe njenge-post-exposure prophylaxis. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba nzima ukuba ufunde ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwayo.
Kufunyanwa njani?
Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kwiimvavanyo ze-PCR okanye iimvavanyo zentsholongwane.
Kungaba nzima ukubona uLassa eklinikhi. Ukuxilonga kuza kuqala kwiimpawu, imbali yesigulane kunye nabafowunelwa.Izibonakaliso zezinye iinkcukacha zingaba zingezizo kwaye zingacingwa ukuba ziyinye isifo se-febrile, njenge-malaria.
Ukubaluleka kwecala kubalulekile. Ukulahla kwintetho kuhambelana nokunyuka kwabantu.
Ingaba kukho isitofu?
Akukho sitofu.
Ngaba oku kubonakala kwi-US?
Indoda yokugqibela yaseUnited States yayingumntu owabuya eLiberia waya eNew Jersey kunye neLassa. Ukuxilongwa kuye kwabambezeleka nangona kulandelwa iinkqubo ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-Ebola ngexesha eliqhubekayo.
Luhlobo luni lwesandulela ngculaza?
I-Lassa yi-arenavirus, i-genome yayo iqulethe i-RNA enye engama-RNA.
Kucingelwa ukuba intsholongwane isenokubangela ukuba utshintsho kwizidalwa zezilwanyana ezidlulileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zaseLassa, zinjengeendlela ezenziwe ngayo izityalo ezithile ezinciphisa ubunzima be-malaria. I-Lassa ithwala, njengoko intsholongwane iye yazama ukukhusela iimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba.
Ngaba zikhona ezinye i-arnavirus?
Kukho ezinye iindawo ezingabonakaliyo ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane (HF) we-arenaviruses eMzantsi Melika: uJunin (i-HF Argentina), i-Machupo (i-Bolivia HF), i-Guanarito (i-Venezuelan HF), iSabia (i-Brazilian HF), i-virus ye-Chapare (e-Bolivia)