Ukuchonga isifo se-thyroid yinkqubo enokubandakanya izinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukuvavanywa kwekliniki, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zegazi, iimvavanyo zengqondo, ii-biopsies kunye nezinye iimvavanyo. Kule nqaku, uya kufunda ngokubanzi ngeemvavanyo zegazi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswe njengenxalenye yesifo sesifo se- thyroid , unyango kunye nokulandelwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphathwa.
Uvavanyo lweTSH
Uvavanyo oluvame kakhulu lwe-thyroid luvavanyo lwegazi olulinganisa i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) kwigazi lakho.
Uvavanyo luvame ukubizwa ngokuba yi-thyrotropin-stimulating test hormone.
I-TSH ephakamileyo, okanye ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, ithathwa njengento ebonisa ukuba yi-hypothyroidism. I-TSH "igxothwe" okanye ingaphantsi kweqhelekileyo, ithathwa njengobungqina be-hyperthyroidism.
Okwangoku, uluhlu lwesithenjwa lusebenza ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya ku-5.0. Amanqanaba angaphezu kwama-3.0 anobungqina bokuba kungenzeka ukuba i-hypothyroidism, kwaye amanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-0.5 anobungqina bokuba kungenzeka ukuba yi-hyperthyroidism. Qaphela ukuba uluhlu lwesalathisi luhluke kwabesetyhini abakhulelweyo .
Fumana oku ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwe-TSH.
I-Free T4 / Free Thyroxine
I-Thyroxine, ihomoni eveliswa yi-thyroid, iyaziwa nangokuthi yi-T4. I-T4 yamahhala ilinganisa amazinga e-thyroxine akhululekileyo, angaphiliyo kwigazi lakho. I-T4 yamahhala inokuphakanyiswa kakhulu kwi-hyperthyroidism, kwaye iyancipha kwi-hypothyroidism.
Amanqanaba e-T4 amahhala okanye angakhange avelise amele i-hormone efumanekayo yokufunyanwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngamaseli. Amanqanaba atyunjwa amele i-hormone engenako konke ukufumaneka ngokukhawuleza, kuba ichaphazeleka ngamanye amayeza, ukugula kunye nezinguqu zomzimba ezifana nokukhulelwa.
Ngenxa yokuba amazinga angamahhala we-T4 abonisa ukuba imali ekhoyo ye-hormone ekhoyo, i-T4 yamahhala icatshulwa ukuba ibonakalise imeko ye-hormonal yesigulane ngaphezu kwe-T4 (ngaphantsi).
Iyonke i-T4 / Iyonke i-Thyroxine / i-Serum Thyroxine
Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inani elipheleleyo lokujikeleza i-thyroxine egazini lakho. Ixabiso eliphezulu linokubonisa i-hyperthyroidism, ixabiso eliphantsi lingabonisa i-hypothyroidism.
Amanqanaba angama-T4 angaphakanyiswa ngenxa yokukhulelwa, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphezulu ze-estrogen, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwe-estrogen okanye iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa .
I-Free T3 / Free Triiodothyronine
I-Triiodothyronine yi- hormone esebenzayo ye-thyroid , kwaye iyaziwa nangokuthi yi-T3. I-T3 yamahhala inokulinganisela amanqanaba akhululekileyo, angagqithwanga e-triiodothyronine kwigazi lakho. I-T3 yamahhala ithathwa njengechanekileyo ngakumbi kune-Total T3. I-T3 yamahhala inokuphakanyiswa kakhulu kwi-hyperthyroidism, kwaye iyancipha kwi-hypothyroidism.
Iyonke i-T3 / Iyonke i-Triiodothyronine
I-T3 iyonke iphakanyiswe ngokuphezulu kwi-hyperthyroidism, iphantsi kwe-hypothyroidism.
I-Resin Uptake (T3RU) / T7
Xa uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwe nge-T3 ne-T4, uvavanyo lwe-T3 (T3RU) luye lwabizwa ngezinye ii-T7. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa isixa semimandla ebophayo engabonakaliyo kwiimodemoni zokuthutha (ezibophelelayo). Ukuphakanyiswa kweT3RU kubonakala ngokuqhelekileyo nge-hyperthyroidism.
Thyroglobulin / Tg
I-Thyroglobulin (Tg) yiprotheni eyenziwa yi-thyroid. Amanqanaba e-Tg aphantsi okanye angabonakali ngento eqhelekileyo ye-thyroid kodwa ingaba phezulu kwi-thyroiditis, isifo se-Graves, okanye umdlavuza we-thyroid. Ukubeka iliso kwizinga le-Tg lisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuphumelela kwonyango lomhlaza we-thyroid kunye nokubeka esweni ukuphindaphinda umdlavuza we-thyroid.
Phindela iT3
Xa umzimba uphantsi kwengxaki, endaweni yokuguqula i-T4 ibe yi-T3- ifomu esebenzayo ye-hormone ye-thyroid - umzimba ugcina amandla ngokwenza oko kwaziwa ngokuba yi- Reverse T3 (RT3), ifomu engasebenzi kwi-T3 hormone. Ixabiso leemvavanyo ze-RT3 ekuxilongweni liphikisana, njengoko abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba umzimba uyaqhubeka ukhiqiza i-RT3 esikhundleni se-T3 esebenzayo, okubangelwa ukusilela kweempilo kwi-T3 ye-hormone ye-thyroid.
I-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) Antibodies (TPOAb) / i-Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies
I-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) yamanqindi, ayaziwa nangokuthi yi-Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies.
(Kwixesha elidlulileyo, la manqindi abizwa ngokuba yiAntithyroid Microsomal Antibodies okanye iAntimicrosomal Antibodies).
Ezi zinqamana zisebenza ne-peroxidase ye-thyroid, i-enzyme eyenza inxaxheba kwi-T4-to-T3 yokuguqulwa kunye nenkqubo yoqhagamshelwano. Ama-antibodies e-TPO angabungqina bokubhujiswa kweethambo, ezifana nesifo sikaHashimoto, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, kwezinye iifoto ze-thyroiditis ezifana ne-post-partum thyroiditis.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-TBO antibodies iyabonakala malunga nama-95 ekhulwini kwezigulane ezineHashimoto's thyroiditis, kunye nama-50 ukuya kuma-85 ekhulwini kwizigulane zezifo ze-Graves. Ukugxilwa kwamagciwane okufumaneka kwizigulane ezinezifo ze-Graves zihlala ziphantsi kunezigulane ezineesifo sikaHashimoto.
I-Thyroglobulin Antibodies / i-Antithyroglobulin Antibodies
Ukuvavanya i-thyroglobulin antibodies (ebizwa ngokuba yi-antithyroglobulin antibodies) isetyenziselwa ukuhlolisisa izizathu ezizenzekelayo zezimo ze-thyroid. Ukuba sele usufumene ukuba unesi sifo se-Graves, ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-thyroglobulin anesifo sithetha ukuba usenokwenzeka ukuba ekugqibeleni ube yi-hypothyroid. Ama-antibodies e-Thyroglobulin anempilo malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zezigulane zikaHashimoto kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 zezigulane zamaGrives.
I-Immunoglobulins ye-Thyroid-stimulating (TSI) / i-TSH Ekhuthaza i-Antibodies (TSAb)
I-TB ye-receptor antibodies (TRAb) ibonakala kwizigulane ezininzi ezineembali, okanye ngubani okhoyo ngoku, isifo seMangcwaba. Uvavanyo luvame ukuwenzelwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-TRAb ekhuthazayo ehamba ngamagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo, kuquka:
- I-Immunoglobulins ye-Thyroid-stimulating (TSI)
- I-TB ye-TSH evuselelayo (TSAb)
I-immunoglobulins ye-Thyroid-stimulating (TSI) inokufunyanwa kwininzi yabantu abanezifo ze-Graves, kwaye uqikelelo lufumanisa kwi-75 ukuya kwi-90 ekhulwini zezigulane zezifo ze-Graves. Ukuphakama kwamanqanaba, xa kusebenza kakhulu isifo seMangcwaba. (Ukungabikho kwala maqhinga okungafuneki, kodwa, ukulawula isifo seMangcwaba.)
Ngokuqhelekanga, abanye abantu abanesifo sikaHashimoto nabo banezikhuhlane, kwaye oku kunokubangela iziganeko zexesha elifutshane ze-hyperthyroidism.
Xa kuqwalaselwa i-TSI, amanqanaba aphakamileyo anganceda ukuqikelela ukuphindaphinda kwesifo se-Graves, kunye nokunciphisa amazinga e-TSI angabonisa ukuba unyango lwe-Graves lusebenza.
Ukubeka iliso kwi-TSI kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuba amanqanaba aphakamileyo, ngokukodwa ekukhulelweni kokuqala kunye ne-trimester yesithathu, iyingozi yentsholongwane ye-fetal okanye ye-neonatal i-dysfunction. Amanqindi omama e-TSI angadlulisela umntwana ongakazalwa engena kwi-placenta, okwenza umntwana abe ne-hyperthyroid e-utero, okanye ekuzalweni. Uphando lubonisile ukuba amaninzi ama-10 ekhulwini labasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-TSI eziphakamileyo baphula abantwana abanexesha elide le-hyperthyroidism.
Imithombo:
Braverman, MD, Lewis E., noRobert D. Utiger, MD. UWerner no-Ingbar I-Thyroid: Isicatshulwa esibalulekileyo kunye neZiklinikhi. 9th. , Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW), 2012.
URoti, uElio, kunye. al. "I-TSH Receptor Antibody Measurement in the diagnosis and management of the" Graves 'Isifo Kuyimfuneko, " I-Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 83, No. 11 3781-3784 http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/83/11/3781
Spencer, uCarol. "I-Assay ye-Thyroid Hormones kunye Nezinto Ezihlobeneyo," uMphathi we-Thyroid . Februwari 6, 2004. http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter/assay-of-thyroid-hormones-and-related-substances/