Nangona isithwathwa (i-herpes zoster) ngokuqhelekileyo sidibaniswa nokugqithisa kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhohlisa. Ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imiqondiso ye-blister ibonakale uvakalelwa ngathi uhla nje ngomkhuhlane. Kodwa kungekudala, ngokukhawuleza, ukuqala kokuqala kweempawu zokuqhaqha kwamathambo kuza kuqala-ixesha elidlulileyo apho kukho intlungu eninzi kwindawo ethile yomzimba, kunye ne-chills, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye iimpawu. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva isigaba sokuqhuma sesibhobho siqala, nto leyo xa kubonakala ukugqithisa. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha kwenziwe ngamacandelo amancinci amancinci, anjenge-pimple afana nantshukumo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba uyazi kakuhle iimpawu kunye neempawu zengqungquthela, uya kuba nokuqonda ukuba kwenzekani, fumana ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye usebenze ngaphandle kokulibaziseka. Ngokukhawuleza uqala ukuphatha unyango, akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlakulele nayiphi na ingxaki edibene nayo, njenge-neuralgia ye-postherpetic (PHN, imeko yesigulane), intloko yesifo kunye nobuhlungu besantya, okanye izifo zesikhumba se-bacterial.
Prodromal Stage
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zokuqala ukuba igciwane le-varicella liye lavuselelwa emzimbeni lifana noko ungalindela ekuqaleni kwentsholongwane. Ezi zihlandlo maxa wambi zenzeka ngezinye izihlandlo xa uziva ucinezelekile okanye uphelelwe phantsi, kwaye zi-systemic-zithetha ukuba zichaphazela umzimba wonke. Unokucinga ukuba uguqulwe nje okanye uhla ngokubanda xa usuke unamaqabunga.
Phakathi kweempawu zeenkqubo ezibonakalayo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zesigxina se-shingles:
- Fever
- IChills
- Isisu esimoshakele
- Intloko
- Ukuqonda ukukhanya
Ingaba okanye kungeyena uvakalelwa ngumkhuhlane ekuqaleni, isibonakaliso sokuqala sezona zinto zibuhlungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kuye kwachazwa njengokutshisa, ukugubha, ukuxubha, ukunyamezela, ukuhlambalaza, ukuphazamisa, ukuchithwa okanye ukudubula. Inokuthi iqhubeke okanye iphakathi, kodwa iya kugcinwa kwelinye icala lomzimba. Le mpawu ingakhohlisa, nangona kunjalo.
Ngenxa yokuba iintlungu ezivela kwiindawo zengingqi zihlala kwindawo, ziyakwazi ukuphosakelwa ngezinye iimeko kuye kuxhomekeke kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, intlungu okanye ukunyamezela intlungu kwicala elingaphantsi lingabonwa ngokuba yi- sciatica okanye ingxaki yeengxaki xa, eqinisweni, yinto yokuqala yokutshatyalaliswa komlenze. Ngokufanayo, ukuxubusha intlungu emlonyeni kungacetyisa ukuba i-cold sore iya kuza, ngelixa intlungu ejoliswe kwiso okanye indlebe ibonakala ngathi ukuqala kwe- migraine .
Isithintelo soMoya
Ulusu kwindawo yokudabuka kwintlungu ebangelwa yi-shingles iya kuba yinkathalo ekuthinteni kunye nokubonakala okubomvu. Njengoko ezi zimpawu ziba zibi kakhulu, kunokuqala ukuvakalelwa njengokutshiswa kwelanga.
Kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwi sixhenxe emva kokuba intlungu yokuqala yintlungu ikhula, iindawo ezimbalwa ezinjenge-spim-like ziza kubonakala zize ziphindwe ngokukhawuleza zibe ngamaqela, zenze i-rash eyaziwayo. Ukusuka apho, ngamanye amaxesha kwimizuzu okanye iiyure, izibhobho ziya kukhula zibe ngamabhalane azaliswe ngamanzi, okanye ama- vesicle , adibanisa kwiibhanti ezinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubomvu nokuvuvukala kuhambelana nokukhawuleza.
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhoza kuya kufuma kwithuba leentsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu kwaye ngokukhawuleza kukhange. Nangona liza kuphulukisa kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine, intlungu ehamba kunye nayo, ngamanye amaxesha inqabileyo kakhulu ukuba ukutya nje isikhumba kunye nezambatho kunokusuka kwizinto eziziva ngathi kukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla kagesi, kunokuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka.
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaza kubonakala ngokufana nokugqithisa kwenkukhu, kunye nokuphambuka okubalulekileyo: i-Chickenpox blisters iyasasazeka kulo lonke umzimba. Ngeengqungquthela, i-rash isoloko ihlala ihlala yinto eqhelekileyo yesikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo ebusweni, entanyeni, okanye esifubeni, kwicala elinye lomzimba. Indawo echaphazelekayo yesikhumba ibizwa ngokuba yi- dermatome , ummandla onikezelwa yimicu yeengqondo zentsholongwane ethile.
Ukuqubuka kungabandakanywa ezimbini zedermasomes ezikufutshane, kodwa zincinci ezimbini zedermatomes ezingekho. Oku kungabikho kubantu abaxhomekeke kwiimeko zabo zokuzivikela, njengalezo ezinokusuleleka kwe- HIV . Bahlala besengozini yokusabalalisa izibonda (ezenzeka kwiimpawu ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu), izibonda zamehlo okanye izitho zangaphakathi, kunye nokuphindaphinda kwezibhinqa zingangeenyanga ezintandathu.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo
Ngaphandle kobuhlungu obuya kuhamba kunye neengqungquthela, kubaluleke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kwiingxaki zayo.
Postherpecic Neuralgia
Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo yeengqungquthela yimeko enokubandezelayo ebizwa ngokuba yi- neuralgia ye-postural (PHN) eqhubekayo xa i-nerve fibers ibonakaliswe. Kuye kubonakaliswe intlungu eqhubekayo kuloo ndawo apho kuqhutywe khona ukugqithwa kwe-shingles.
Iimpawu ze-PHN zinokuba nzima kakhulu ukuphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye zibandakanya:
- Ukuvutha, ubukhali, okanye ubunzulu, ubuhlungu obuhlungu obuhlala kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu emva kokugqithisa kwe-shingles uye waphilisa
- I-Allodynia (uvakalelo kumgca wokukhanya): Nokuba uvakalelo lweengubo zesikhumba lunokuba lukhulu.
- Ukutshiza kunye nokunyaniseka
- Ubunzima bokubamba ubunzima kunye nokuguqulwa
Ubudala buyandisa ukwanda kwe-PHN. Amaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC) ingxelo yokuba amaninzi engama-13 eepesenti abantu abangaphezu kwe-60 abanamabhinqa baya kuba ne-PHN. Ezinye izinto ezijongene nobungozi ziquka ukufumana ukugqithisa okunzima kakhulu kunye nobuhlungu. Ukuba ukukhawuleza ebusweni okanye kwimizi kubuye kwandisa umngcipheko wale meko.
Ukunyanga i-PHN kunokuba nzima, kodwa kubalulekile, njengoko imeko ingakhokelela kwiinkathazo ezingakumbi ezifana nokudakumba, ukukhathala, ukuxhalabisa, ukulala, kunye nokulahlekelwa yintliziyo . Noko ke, akukho ndlela efana nayo yonke into, kwaye kaninzi ithabatha amachiza amaninzi ukuphucula intlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu. Phakathi kweziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-PHN zi:
- Iifayili zeLidocaine (ezithengiswa phantsi kwegama loLidoderm)
- I-Capsaicin, i-derivative yemvelo yepelepele, ngohlobo lwekrimu okanye ipaki
- Imithi e-Anticonvulsant njenge-Neurontin (gabapentin) kunye neLyrica (pregabalin)
- I-Anti-depressants, kuquka iAventyl (nortriptyline) kunye ne-Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- I-opioids njenge-Oxycontin (oxycodone) kunye ne-morphine
- Injini ze Steroid
Izifo Zobungozi Besikhumba
I-blisters ebangelwa yiminyango ingashiya izilonda ezivulekileyo, zenze isikhumba sibe sisengozini kwi-microbes ezingabangela ukuba i-CDC ichaza ngokuthi "ukugqithiswa kwamagciwane okugqithisileyo." Iibhugi ezisoloko zijongene nezifo ezinjalo ziyi- Staphylococcus aureus kunye neqela le-beta ye-beta hemolytic streptococcus .
Enye intsholongwane yebhakteria yintsholongwane ehlotshaniswa kunye ne-shingles yi- impetigo , eyona nto ihlala ichaphazela abantwana. Iqala ngezilonda ezinobunzima eziqhekezayo kwaye zize zenze i-crusts enemibala yobusi. I-Impetigo ixhaphaze kakhulu kodwa ingaphathwa kakuhle nge-antibiotics.
I-Cellulitis yinye isifo sofayo esaziwayo ngenxa yeengcungce. Ngokungafani ne-impetigo, echaphazela isithuba esingaphandle kwesikhumba, i-cellulitis yintsholongwane yecandelo elincinci kunye nezicubu phantsi kwesikhumba, ngokwe-American Academy of Dermatology. Iqala ngendawo ebomvu, ivuvule, kwaye ivakalelwa imfudumalo kwaye ithambile kwisithintelo. Ukuba ayiphathwa, i-cellulitis inokusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifuthe i-lymph nodes, ekugqibeleni iholele ekusulelekeni kwegazi. Ngethuba nje liphathwe ngokukhawuleza kunye neengcambu zomlomo kunye nokunakekelwa kakuhle kwesikhumba esiphathwe kakubi, i-cellulitis iphilisa kakhulu kwaye akunakwenzeka ukushiya umonakalo ongunaphakade.
I-Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)
Ezilishumi ukuya kwi-15 yeepesenti zexesha, izibhinqa zichaphazela i-ganglion-triple-branched nererve ebonisa ukuvakalelwa kwimizimba ebusweni. Ngokukodwa, i-ganglion ye-trigeminal iquka iso (i-ophthalmic branch); ehlathini (i-branch maxillary); kunye negatsha le-mandibular (umhlathi). Kule ndawo, isebe le-ophthalmic liye lachaphazeleka kakhulu yi-herpes zoster.
Ngokwe-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology (AAO), ama-25 ekhulwini ama-300,000 ukuya kuma-500,000 amacala enkathazo eyenzeka ngonyaka ngamnye i-herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).
I-HZO inokuchaphazela nayiphi na inxalenye yeso, ukusuka kwintsimbi ye-optic ukuya kwi-conjunctiva (i-membrane ebeka phambi kweso kunye nemigqa yejwabu leso). Ngaphandle kwonyango lokulwa neyeza , phantse isiqingatha sabantu abanamabhinqa kufuphi nelihlo baya kuphazamiseka kweso okanye balahlekelwa yiso, ngoko kubalulekile ukubona ophthalmologist ngokukhawuleza.
Iingxaki ezingavamile
Enye into enokwenzeka, nangona ingaqhelekanga, iingxaki zempilo ezibangelwa ziqhwala zibandakanya:
Ngenye indlela eyaziwa ngokuba yi-herpes zoster oticus, oku kukuvuvukala kwentsholongwane yomzimba kufuphi nenye yeendlebe. Iimpawu ziquka ukukhubazeka komzimba, intlungu yeendlebe , kunye ne-blister (ebizwa ngokuba yi- vesicles ) ngaphakathi kwinqwaba yomlomo. Abantu abaneRamsay Hunt bavame ukufumana utywala okanye ukungabikho kwemali.
Meningitis
Le ntsholongwane ye-cerebrospinal fluid ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibi, uvakalelo ekukhanyeni, kunye nemisipha ye-achy. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwe-meningitis lubangelwa yintsholongwane kwaye alukho ibhaktiriya, alukwazi ukuphathwa ngamayeza. Kufuneka ukuba iqhube ikhosi yayo, nangona amayeza enyantya anganyulwa ukuba aphathe intloko.
Encephalitis
Njenga-meningitis, le yintsholongwane yesibini yentsholongwane. Ichaphazela ingqondo kwaye inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nentloko, ukulahlekelwa kwememori, ukukhulelwa komzimba kunye noshintsho kubuntu.
Neuropathy
Ngokuqhelekileyo intsholongwane ye-varicella ithinta kuphela inzwa kwesikhumba, kodwa, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inokuthi ingene kwiisisipha zomzimba, kubangela ubuthathaka okanye i-atrophy. Malinganiselwa kuma-75 ekhulwini abo bafumana imoto ye-neuropathy baya kuphinda bafumane umbane.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba unamaqhankqalazi, kufuneka ubone udokotela ngokukhawuleza. Unokuqala unyango olufanelekileyo oluya kukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu zakho, ukukhawuleza ukubuyiswa kwakho, nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba:
- Uneminyaka engama-60
- Unemeko ebangela ukuba ube ne-immune system, efana ne-HIV
- Thatha amachiza anokunciphisa impendulo yomzimba wakho (umzekelo, izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy, i-steroids, okanye i-immunosuppressants emva kokufakelwa komzimba)
- Ukwabelana ngekhaya nomntu onesistim somzimba esibuthathaka
- Ukuqhaqhazela kubuso bakho: I-Blister eduze kweso lakho ingakhokelela ekumonakaleni kwamehlo okanye mhlawumbi kubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe yiso kweso.
Ukuba uxa ujongene neengcungconi onazo zonke zezi zinto zilandelayo, vumela ugqirha osiphathayo ngokukhawuleza:
- Awufumani ukukhululeka entlungu ngenxa yonyango.
- Intlungu ayifuni emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine.
- Ukukhawuleza kusasazeka ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala.
- Uqala ukuba neempawu zentsholongwane yesibini, njengomkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu, ukubola kunye nentloko ephezulu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy yeDermatology. Cellulitis: Ukujonga.
> I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iingqungquthela (i-Herpes Zoster): Inkcazo yeKlinikhi. Feb 21, 2018.
> Clinical Mayo. Postherpetic Neuralgia. Septemba 16, 2015.