Ingqwalasela yeeLung Cancer Causes
Nangona abaninzi abantu badibana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokutshaya, kukho ezininzi izizathu. Kukho abantu abaye baphelela ubomi babo bonke kwaye abazange bahlakulele umhlaza wamaphaphu. Ngokufanayo, baninzi abantu abangapheliyo ababhemayo abahlakulela isifo. Enyanisweni, umhlaza wamaphaphu angabikho ababhemayo yiyesihlandlo sesithandathu esibangela umdla wabulala eMelika.
Asiqinisekanga ngezona zinto ezibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa izinto ezininzi zengozi ziye zachongwa.
Ezinye zezi zinto unokuba wazi kakuhle, kodwa ezinye aziwazi kakuhle. Umdlavuza wamangcwaba isifo esiningi, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho izihlandlo ezininzi ezisebenzisana kunye nokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Siyazi ukuba ezinye iindawo ezibonakalayo zingaphezulu kwongeziweyo ekunikezeni umngcipheko. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwe-asbestos kunye nokubhema kuphakamisa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu ngaphezu kokuba ukuba ingozi ebini yongezwa kunye.
Ngelo xesha, kukho iindlela ezithile-njengokusebenzisa nokutya ukutya okunempilo-oku kunokunciphisa ingozi yakho.
Ingqungquthela yokusiNgqongileyo ibangela njani umdlavuza we-Lung?
Ukuqonda indlela ukufudumala kwimeko yethu okanye indlela yokuphila inokuphakamisa umngcipheko womdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokukunceda ekuhloleni izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Ezinye izibhengezo zingandisa ingozi ngenxa ye-DNA eyingozi kwiiseli. Ezi zinto ezibangelwa ngumhlaza zibizwa ngokuba yi- carcinogens . Ezinye izidumbu zingabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo. Ukwandiswa kwesahlulo seeseli ukutshintsha nokulungisa umonakalo wezicubu ezenzekayo ngenxa yoko kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba utshintsho-iinguqu ze-DNA-zenzeke.
Yiyo ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA kwintsholongwane yomdlavuza wamaphaphu okwenza iseli eliqhelekileyo libe ngumhlaza wesifo somhlaza .
Ukuqwalaselwa kweCcercer Causes
Oku kunokwenkqisayo ukuthetha ngomdlavuza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuphazamisa ukuthetha, "Akuyiyo yonke into eyenza umhlaza?" uzuze kakuhle. Enyanisweni, kunjalo, akulula ukwenza ukuba iseli eqhelekileyo ibe ngumsele wesifo somhlaza. Uninzi lwexesha lo tshintsho alunakwenzeka kude kubekho uluhlu lweenguqu (nokuba luzuze okanye luvela kwindalo) lonakalisa i-DNA yeseli ngokwaneleyo ukuba ayisayi phendula kwimimiselo eqhelekileyo exelela ukuba uyeke ukwahlula.
Kananjalo sinamajethi emizimbeni yethu leyo ikhowudi yeeprotheni ezenzelwe ukulungisa iiseli ezonakalisiweyo okanye ukuzisusa ngaphambi kokuba zithole ithuba lokuba ngamaseli omhlaza. Ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tumor suppressor genes, zithintela ezinye izidalwa zomzimba zesifo somhlaza.
Izizathu kunye Nezizathu Ezikhoyo Zengculaza Yengculaza
Kukho izimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu esiqinisekileyo, kunye nabanye apho igosa lisekho.
Makhe sijonge ezinye zezizathu eziyaziwayo, izizathu ezinokwenzeka, kunye nezizathu ezibangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu, kunye nendlela izinto ezifundwayo ukuhlola ngayo indima yazo ekwenzeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukutshaya
Ukubhema yimbangela enye yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , uxanduva lokusingatha iipesenti ezingama-80 zamanomdla emiphunga eUnited States. Umngcipheko womntu otshaya umzavuza wamaphaphu unamaxesha angama-13 ukuya kuma-23 angaphezu komntu ongabhemi. Ngokungafani nomngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo, esihlahlela ngokukhawuleza xa umntu ekhwela umkhwa, umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu unokuqhubeka iminyaka okanye emva kwamashumi eminyaka emva kokuba umntu ehla. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu namhlanje ababhemayo kodwa babeshushu.
Ukubhema kubonakala kukudlala indima enkulu kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda kunabesifazane. EUnited States, ama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu abahlali abangapheliyo; ehlabathini lonke, kuphela ama-50 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abaphuhlisayo eso sifo.
Ukongeza kokubhema ugwayi, ukubhema i-cigar kuyingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kukho ingxoxo malunga nokutshaya i-marijuana yokuphakamisa umngcipheko womdlavuza wamaphaphu , kunye nezifundo ezithile ezibonisa ukuba zichasene, kodwa kukho ubungqina obuhle bokuthi ukutshaya kwehaoka kusandul
Kukho amaninzi emdlavuza onxulumene nokutshaya , ngaphezu komdlavuza wamaphaphu, kwaye kulabo abasenomdlavuza, ukuyeka ukutshaya ukuphuza kukuphucula ukuphucula .
Ukuboniswa kweRadon
Ukubonakaliswa kwerhasi yeeroni kwikhaya yimbangela yesibini yesikhokelo somdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye neyona nto ibangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangabhemi. I-Radon yintsimbi engenabalabala, engenambala ekhishwa kwi-intanethi ye-uranium emhlabathini phantsi kwezindlu zethu. Eli gesi linokungena emakhaya ngokuqhekeka kwisiseko kunye neendonga, malunga neepumpu, iipayipi, kunye ne-drain, kwaye iqokelela emoyeni ejikeleza emakhaya ethu.
I-World Health Organisation iqikelela ukuba ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini lamanomdla emiphunga emhlabeni jikelele ngenxa ye-radion exposure. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu owenziwe nguRadon uvakalelwa kukuba unoxanduva lokufa kwabantu abangama-27,000 minyaka yonke eUnited States.
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Kutheni Ukuyeka Ukubhema Kuya Kuphelisa Ukufa Kweengculaza?
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Yiyiphi ipesenti yabantu ababhema i-Cancer?
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwale nani, thelekisa oku kufelwa ku-40,000 umhlaza wesibeleko sombele ngamnye ngonyaka.
Indlela kuphela yokukwazi ukuba ikhaya lakho linomgangatho ophakamileyo wama-radon kukukwenza uvavanyo lwe-radon . Iimpahla ezinamaxabiso e-radon ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezininzi ze-hardware okanye kwi-intanethi. Ukuba amazinga aphakanyisiwe, ukunciphisa i-radon eyenziwa ngumqeqeshi oqinisekisiweyo unokusombulula ixazululo ingxaki kwaye isuse ingozi.
Nangona mhlawumbi kungabalulekanga kangako kunezindlu ezakhiwe kwi-granite, i- radon ukuphuma kwi-countertraps ye-granite ingaba ngumngcipheko womdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Umsizi wesibini
Umsi wesibindi uyisifo somhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye unoxanduva lokufa komdlavuza womphunga wamanqaku angama-7 000 ngonyaka eMelika. Ukuphila nomntu obhemayo kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angama-20 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini. Kwaye nje ngokuba ngumsi womlilo, ukutshaya umsi wongeza umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kunye nezinye i-cancer.
UkuPhuma kwezeMisebenzi
Ukuchazwa komsebenzi kwiikhemikhali kunye nezinto ziyingozi enkulu yomhlaza wemiphunga. Kulinganiselwa ukuba eUnited States, phakathi kweepesenti ezingama-13 kunye neepesenti ezingama-29 zamanomdlavuza emiphunga emadodeni anobungozi bokusebenza emsebenzini njengenkxaso ebalulekileyo (loo nombolo iyatshintsha kuma-5 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini.)
Ezinye iikhemikhali zoshishino ezinxulumene nomhlaza wemiphunga ziquka:
- Asbestos
- Arsenic
- ICromium
- I-nickel
- I-PAH (i-polycyclic hydrocarbons ephosakeleyo)
- I-vinyl chloride
- Uthuli lomthi
Eminye imisebenzi ehambelana nomngcipheko weengxube wamaphaphu kubandakanya:
- Ukuqhuba imoto
- Ukuhlanjululwa
- Umsebenzi weMetri
- Ukuprinta
- Ukwenza iCeram
- Imigodi ye-uranium
- Ukwenziwa kweglasi
Qinisekisa ukujonga ii-Material Data Safety Sheets ezifunekayo kubaqeshi ukuba banikezele nayiphina imichiza enokuthi uvezwe kuyo emsebenzini.
Ukumoshwa komoya
Nangona ucoceko lomoya luye lwaqaphela njengengozi yempilo, kungekudala nje ukuba indima yayo ekubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu uye wavela. Lo mngcipheko uhluka ngokukhawuleza ngeenxa zonke kwihlabathi kodwa kucatshangelwa ukuba ibangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu kwi-5 ekhulwini yamadoda kunye nama-3 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini eMelika.
Umsi womthi kunye noMoya wokupheka
Nangona uninzi lweengxaki kumazwe asathuthukayo, ukutshaya kwiitofini zokhuni kunye nokupheka kwangaphakathi kunye nokuphungula umoya okubalulekileyo kubangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ubungcwele / iGenesis
Ukuba nesihlobo sokuqala (umama, ubaba, umntakwabo, okanye umntwana) nomhlaza womphunga uphinde ubangele umngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanti unesihlobo somlinganiselo wesibini nomhlaza womphunga (umama, umalume, umntakwabo, okanye umlingane) uvusayo umngcipheko malunga neepesenti ezingama-30.
Ngokuqonda ukukhula kwemfuza, ezinye zezinto ezijongene nale mngcipheko zichongwa. Umzekelo wale ngxaki yesifo soxinzelelo somzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-BRCA2. Lo mfuzo wawupapashwa njengenye yeengcambu zeengcambu zeengxwaba ze-Angelina Jolie, kodwa oko kuvezwe ngokunyanisekileyo kunokuba iinguqulelo ze-BRCA2 ezizuze ilifa zingapha umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu , ngokukodwa kubasetyhini abashushu.
Ngokubanzi, i-1.7 ekhulwini yamatyala emiphunga emiphunga ibhekwa "njengefa." Iimpawu ze-Genetic zinokuthi zidlale xa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukhula kubantu abangabhemi, abafazi kunye nabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60.
Izifo eziLungwini
Abantu abanezifo ezithile zemiphunga kubonakala benomngcipheko wokwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga (COPD), ezifana ne-emphysema, banomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wemiphunga. I-COPD "yingozi yongcinelelo" yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba le sifo iphakamisa ingozi yomhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye loo mngcipheko uyazimelela ukutshaya. Isifo sesifo sofuba sibonakala sikhupha umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu kwaye sinokubangela ukulibaziseka ukuxilongwa. Ukuba ne-pulmonary fibrosis, efana ne- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , yandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu. Kukho ubungqina bokuba i- asthma inokuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu , ngakumbi kubantu abangabhemi
Ezinye iimeko zonyango
Amajoni ethu omzimba athatha indima ebalulekileyo ekulwa nomhlaza. Izimo zonyango ezonakalisa i-immune system, ezifana ne-HIV / AIDS, ibonakala inokwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu, njengezifo ezithintela ngokuzimela njenge-rheumatoid arthritis. Ukongezelela, ukunyanzelwa kwe-immune ukuguqulwa komzimba kuphakamisa umngcipheko.
Abantu abanezinye iintlobo zesifo somhlaza bayakwazi ukuvelisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ezinye zezinto ezinokuthi zihambelane nophando lomhlaza (i-chemotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango ziyakwenza i-cancer yesibini ) okanye ngenxa yeenguqu zezofuzo ezenza abantu babe nomdlavuza ngokubanzi.
Izifo
Asisoloko sicinga ngezifo ngenxa yesifo somhlaza, kodwa isahlulo seshumi samagciwane e-United States kunye neepesenti ezingama-25 emhlabeni jikelele zihlobene nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Uphononongo olutshanje lufumene umbutho phakathi kosulelo lwe-papillomavirus (HPV) kunye nomhlaza womphuphu , nangona ayikaziwa ukuba oku kuthetha ukuba kukho kuphela ukulungiswa okanye ukuba, endaweni yoko, i-HPV yimbangela yangempela.
Ukuboniswa kwamayeza
Bobabini imisebe yendalo kunye nemimitha yonyango idibene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imisebe yonyango esetyenziselwa unyango lomhlaza-umzekelo, ukunyanga kwesifo sikaHodgkin okanye emva kwesifo sengqondo somhlaza wesifuba-ingabangela umngcipheko, ingakumbi kulabo bafumana le mpilisi ebuncinci.
Ukutya kunye neZondlo zeZidlo
Ukutya okuphezulu okucwangcisiweyo (unyango) kunye nokutya okubomvu kunokunyusa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanti ukutya okunotye kwizityalo nemifuno kudibene nomngcipheko ophantsi. Ukutywala kotywala kunokunxulumana nomngcipheko ophezulu. Siva ezininzi malunga nokusebenzisa izongezelelo zokutya, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto ukunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza kufuneka kufike ngokulumkisa. Emva kokufunda ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwi-beta-carotene (isityalo se-phytochemical) sasinomngcipheko ongaphantsi komdlavuza wamapayipi, abaphandi bafunda impembelelo yesongezelelo se-beta-carotene kwinani elikhulu labantu. Ngokuchasene ne-beta-carotene yokutya, i-beta-carotene eyongezelelweyo yayinxulumene nomngcipheko ophezulu wesifo.
Ukwahlukana kobulili kunye ne-Estrogen
Siyazi ukuba ezinye iiseli zomdlavuza zamaphaphu zinemitholampilo ye-estrogen kwaye umngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu unokungafani neembali zokuzala kunye ne-hormone yonyango. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba umhlaza wamaphaphu kwabesetyhini uhluka malunga nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda. Oko kwathiwa, siqala ukufunda ukuba yintoni, ukuba ikhona, umphumo we- estrogen unomngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu .
Ukufunda i-Cancer Causes Causes
Ingxaki enkulu ekuqapheliseni iimeko ezibangelwa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu kubunzima bokuvavanya ukungcola kokusingqongileyo.
Enye ingxaki yimizuzu ye- latency yomhlaza . Uninzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo-ezifana ne-cigarette moking-ayiyi kubangela umdlavuza ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lomnxeba we-latency lichazwa njengengakanani yexesha phakathi kokuchasana nomdlavuza ochaphazela umdlavuza (i-carcinogen) kunye nexesha apho umdlavuza ufumaneke khona. Ukuba ukutshaya ugwayi kwakusungulwa kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, mhlawumbi asiyi kuqonda ukuba ingaba yimbangela yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Enye ingxaki ekuhloliseni iimbangela zikhoyo kwi-design design. Ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba i-substance ibangela umdlavuza, sifuna ukuyila isifundo esenza into engaphezulu kwexesha kunye nokulawula kwezinye izinto ezinokudlala. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zifundo ezizayo. Ininzi yento esiyazi ngayo ngomhlaza ibangela, nangona kunjalo, ivela kwizifundo ezifunyenweyo. Ezi zifundo zikhangele abantu abanomhlaza kwaye bafike emva kwexesha ukuzama ukuqonda izizathu. Uninzi lwezifundo ziza kuqhubeka, kodwa ulwazi oluninzi lwazo alufumaneki kwiminyaka emashumi.
Indlela yokusasazeka ngayo inokuthi idlale indima nokuba ingaba siyifundile yinto yomngcipheko womhlaza wamaphaphu. Ukubhenca okufana nokubhema, okuqhelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kulula ukufundisisa ukuba ukuvezwa okwenzeka kwinani elincinci labantu.
Ingqwalasela yokugqibela ekuthethwa ngayo kukulungelelaniswa ngokubhekiselele kwimeko . Kungenxa yokuba izinto ezimbini zidibeneyo akuthethi ukuba enye ibangela enye. Umzekelo osetyenziswayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukuba kukho ukunyuka kwamanzi ehlobo-ngexesha elifanayo lomnyaka xa abantu abaninzi besidla i-ayisikrimu. Oku akuthethi ukuba ukutya i-ayisikrimu kubangelwa ukumanzela. Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukhankanywe ngasentla yinto enye esingazi ngayo ukuba kukho i-causation, nangona kukho ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yakho Yengqungquthela Yengqungquthela
Yintoni ekukhawuleza iyacaca xa sifunda ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kukuba asiyiqondi yonke into ebungozi. Oku kucacile ngakumbi njengoko siqaphela ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga ukwanda kwelinye iqela labantu: abancinci, abangabhiyiyo.
Kuze sisazi ngakumbi, iindlela ezimbalwa ezisisiseko zinganciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwii-cancer ezinokuthi:
- Funda amaleyibhile kwimveliso oyisebenzisayo, nokuba ekhaya okanye emsebenzini.
- Sebenzisa iiglavu xa uphatha into ongeke uyibeke emlonyeni wakho; yonke imbono emva kokumisela amanye amayeza "kwifom yepatch" kukuba ulusu lwethu luyakwazi ukuthatha imichiza ezininzi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ugqoke imaski xa ubizwa, kwaye usebenzise umoya ofanelekileyo xa usebenza kunye neekhemikhali ezifana neepende kunye nemveliso yokucoca.
Okunye:
- Ukuhlolwa kweCarcer Lung
- Iingcebiso ezili-10 zokukhusela umdlavuza we-Lung
- I-Superfoods ekunciphiseni ingozi yeLung Cancer
Imithombo:
UKocurek, E., no-A. Hemnes. Impilo yabasetyhini kunye noPhuhliso lweMpilo kunye nezifo. Iiklinikhi ze-Obstetrics kunye ne-Gynecology yaseNyakatho Melika . 2016. 43 (2): 307-23.
Mao, Y., Yang, D., He, J., noM M. Krasna. I-Etiology yeLung Cancer. Iikliniki zophando zaseNyakatho Melika . 2016. 25 (3): 439-45.
Ukupasa, J., Carbone, D., Johnson, D. et al. Iimigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kweCarcer Lung . 4 Edition. UWilliams noWilkins: ngo-2010.
Yoon, J., Lee, J., Joo, S., noD. Kang. I-Radon Externure ne-Cancer Cancer: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo zezinto eziphilayo. Amanqaku oMsebenzi wezeMpilo kunye nezoMvelo . 2016. 28:15.