Abantu abangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezimbini, isithathu kwisibalo sehlabathi , banesifo sesifo sofuba (TB). Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, kukho izigidi ezi-10,4 zezigidi kunye nokufa kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.7 kwisifo ngo-2016 kuphela. I-United States yaba ne-9 272 yalezo zifo ezintsha.
Nangona ukusuleleka kwiibhaktheriya yimbangela ecacileyo ye-TB, kukho ezininzi izinto ezinokukwenza ukuba ufumane isifo.
Ukwazi ukuba zezi zinto ziyakunceda ukuthatha inyathelo kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wakho wosulelo.
Ibhaktheriya
Isifo sofuba sibangelwa iibhaktheriya kwintsapho edibeneyo yaseMycobacterium.
- Mycobacterium africanum
- Mycobacteria bovis
- I-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba
UM. africanum , njengoko igama lithetha ukuba, lixhaphake kakhulu e-Afrika, ngelixa i- TB isifo sesifo sofuba kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ezi bhaktiriya ezimbini zibangela isifo se-TB kubantu. UMov Bovis uyingqayizivele kuba ixhaphazela kakhulu inkomo. Ukusela iimveliso zobisi ezingagqitywanga okanye ezinye izilwanyana ezikhuselweyo kwiifama ezinesifo esiphelele kwipesenti zesifo sofuba somntu.
I-Mycobacteria igula kwaye iphile ngaphakathi kweeseli kumzimba wethu wokuzivikela obizwa ngokuba yi-macrophages. I-Macrophages ivame ukubulala ama-microbes kunye nezifo, kodwa uM TB unesigxu esinyeneyo esilunqanda kwi-enzymes enetyhefu ukusebenzisa i-macrophages ukuyihlasela. I-TB iyakwazi ukuvelisa ngaphakathi kwe-macrophage.
I-TB yeBhakteria isasazeka njani
Ukuqonda ukuba ezi bhakteria zenza njani ukusuleleka, kufuneka uqonde umehluko phakathi kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo .
Omnye onentsholongwane ekhuselekileyo unobhaktiriya be-TB emzimbeni wakhe kodwa akanalo isifo esisebenzayo. Ngaphandle kweempawu ezinjengomkhuhlane , ukubola, ukukhwehlela, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo , azinasifo.
Kunoko, iibhaktheriya zilala emzimbeni wazo. Inani elinama-5 ukuya kwe-10 ekhulwini labantu abane-TB efihlakeleyo baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa i-TB esebenzayo ngexesha labo lobomi. Oku kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka emibili yokuqala yesifo.
Abantu abane-TB esebenzayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banempawu ezifana nalezo zichazwe ngasentla. Ziyasasazeka kwaye ziyakwazi ukusasaza isifo. Xa bekhwehlela, bhinqa, baphosa, okanye bathethe, iibhakteria ezinobomi zikhishwa emanzini amaconsi. Nabani na okhupha la maxube angaba nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-TB.
EUnited States, ukuhanjiswa kwe-TB kuqheleke kakhulu entwasahlobo kunye namazinga aphantsi ekuwa.
Izinto Zonyango
Kukho imeko zonyango ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sofuba.
Ukunyuswa kwamagciwane
Isistim somzimba esibuthathaka senza kube nzima ukuba umzimba wakho ulwe nesulelo kwaye mhlawumbi i-TB efihlakeleyo iyasebenza. Kwakhona kwenza kube lula ukuba unesifo se-TB kwindawo yokuqala. Unako ukuxilongwa ngokungaxilwanga ngokusekelwe kulo naluphi na oku kulandelayo:
- Ubudala: Amasosha omzimba omncinci kakhulu kwaye adala kakhulu athathaka.
- I-Chemotherapy: Ezi zonyango zilwa nomhlaza kodwa zinciphisa amandla omzimba wakho.
- I-Corticosteroids: Nabani na othabatha i-steroid yomlomo ixesha elide, elilingana ne-15 mg prednisolone inyanga okanye ngaphezulu, unesistim somzimba sokusilela.
- INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO / NGA-AIDS: Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-TB uqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinane ngamaxesha angama-16 kubantu abane-HIV. Njengoko isifo sesandulela ngculazi sibuhlungu okanye siqhubela phambili kwi-AIDS, umngcipheko we-TB ukwanda ngakumbi.
- Ukufakelwa komzimba: Ukuthintela umzimba ukuba unqabe ilungu elitshintshileyo (intliziyo, iinjongo, okanye isibindi), abantu ngokuqhelekileyo bathabatha imithi yokuguqula i-immunosuppressant.
- I-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors: Le miyeza ye-biologic isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko zonyango ezifana nesifo sika-Crohn, isifo se-psoriatic, nesifo sesifo se-rheumatoid.
Iimeko Zonyango ezingapheliyo
Le miqathango ilandelayo inokunyusa ingozi yokusuleleka kwe-TB:
- Isifo seCeliac
- I-hepatitis engapheliyo
- Isifo esingapheliyo sokukhusela umphunga (COPD)
- Cirrhosis
- Sikashukela
- Ugqirha lwe-gastric surpass
- Umdlavuza wesihloko nentamo
- Izifo zesifo
- Silicosis
Lezi zimo zonyusa njani umngcipheko we-TB akwaziwa kakuhle, kodwa kungenzeka ngenxa yeziphumo zawo kwi-immune system kunye nokuba umzimba wakho uthatha njani izondlo. Ukuba unenye yeemeko, thabatha amanyathelo okunciphisa ukubonakala kwe-TB.
Izinto zokuphila
Kukho iziganeko ezingekho phantsi kwezonyango ze-TB ezinokuthi zingaphezulu kokulawula kwakho. Ngelishwa, intlupheko, ukungabikho kwamakhaya kunye nokunciphisa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo kunokulawula ezinye zezi ngxaki.
Ukutya kunye Nondlo
Ukungondleki kwesondlo kudlala indima ekudlulisweni kwe-TB. Ukungondleki kokutya kungekhona nje kuphela kunciphisa amandla omzimba kodwa kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo. Abantu abangaphantsi komzimba (isalathisi somzimba we-18.5) banokuphindwa kabili ukuba banesifo kunebantu abane-BMI ephezulu.
Xa kuziwa kwizondlo ezithile, jonga kwi-iron kunye neVithamini D. Amanqanaba aphezulu ensimbi egazini angakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-mycobacteria, eyenza abantu banomdla we-TB. I-Vitamin D yenza okuchaseneyo, inqanda ukukhula kwe-mycobacteria. Ngale ndlela, ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D ngumngcipheko wesifo sofuba.
Xa kunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okunonondlo kunye nokugcina isisindo esifanelekileyo. Iimeko zesimo sezoqoqosho zisoloko zenza ukuba kwenzeke oko.
Indawo
Abantu abazalelwe kwiindawo ezinomdla kunye ne-TB ngokucacileyo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokungabikho kwiibhaktheriya. La mazwe alandelayo, ukusuka kwiindawo ezininzi ukuya kwiindawo ezincinci rhoqo, i-akhawunti engama-64 ekhulwini kuwo onke amacala enesifo sofuba:
- Indiya
- Indoneshiya
- KwiChina
- Filipayinzi
- Phakistan
- Nayijeriya
- Mzantsi Afrika
Awukwazi ukulawula apho uzalwa khona kodwa unokulawula apho uya khona. Okona kuncinci, thatha ingqalelo xa uhamba kule ndawo.
Imibandela yokuphila
I-TB ingasasazeka ngokukhawuleza xa abantu basondele. Izimo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwintlalo okanye nangakumbi ukwanda kwendlu kusengozini. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kukho ukungena kwemimoya embi kwisakhiwo.
Iindawo zokukhusela ezingenamakhaya, ngokukodwa, zinokugqithiswa kwaye azigcinwa kakuhle. Ukuba unelungelo lokurenta indlu okanye ukuthenga ikhaya, qwalasela ukhuseleko lwakho lokulungiselela.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kuninzi phakathi kwabantu abane-TB. Ukubhema i-cigarettes kwandisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuphindwe kabini. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, nokuba i-injection okanye ingekho injection, nokusela 40 amagremu (i-pint enye yewayini, iibheriya ezintathu ze-12-ounce, okanye ii-ounces ezi-4 ze-alcohophu e-distilled efana ne-vodka okanye i-whisky) okanye ngaphezulu kotywala ngosuku ukuhanjiswa.
Kungumnqweno wakho ukuphepha ukutshaya kunye neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Ukuba usela utywala, yenzeni nje ngokumodareyitha.
> Imithombo:
> Ingxelo yeSizwe soPhulo lweTibhulogi 2017. Umbutho wezeMpilo weSizwe. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 1, 2017.
> Horsburgh CR. I-epidemiology yeSifo soBufuba. Ku: U-UpToDate, uLerner SP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Oeltmann JE, Kammerer JS, uPevzner ES, i-Moonan PK. Isifo sofuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi eMelika, 1997-2006. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jan 26; 169 (2): 189-97. i-doi: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.535.
> Isifo sofuba (i-TB): Ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-Latent Infection and TB. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/ltbiandactivetb.htm. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 21, 2014.
> Isifo sofuba nesifo soGawulayo. I-World Health Organization.http: //www.who.int/hiv/topics/tb/en/. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 2018.