Chemotherapy kwiCarcer

Chemotherapy kwiCarcer

I-Chemotherapy isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengonyango lomhlaza, kodwa igama elithi "chemo" yedwa lingazisa ingxaki yokwesaba. Yiyiphi imveliso ye-chemotherapy, yintoni kwaye isetyenziswa njani, kwaye yintoni echaphazelekayo? Yiyiphi imibuzo enokuthi ubuze ugqirha wakho? Nangona i-chemotherapy ingaba nzima, ukuphathwa kwemininzi yemiphumo eyoyikisayo yenze ngcono kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva.

Kuthiwa ukuba ulwazi lunamandla.

Siyathemba ukuba le ngxoxo iza kukushiya uzive unamandla xa ujongene nale nxalenye yohambo lwakho lomhlaza.

Yintoni i-Chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lomhlaza wonyango olisebenzisa imishanguzo yokuphatha umhlaza. Inokuthi iphinde ihanjiswe njenge- cytotoxic chemotherapy, enegama elithi 'cytotoxic' ngokubhekiselele ekubeni le myeza inetyhefu (ibangela ukufa) kumaseli omhlaza. Ayikho yonke imishanguzo yomhlaza ebizwa ngokuba yi-chemotherapy.

• Iindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yokusuleleka kwi-Kymotherapy

• Ngaba kukho into endiyenzayo malunga ne-acid Reflux ngexesha le-Chemotherapy?

Ngokomzekelo, iziyobisi ezijoliswe kuyo, i- immunotherapy , kunye neyeza zonyango ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokonyango ezinokunikwa njengesilwanyana.

Iseli iba ngumhlaza xa ukuqoqwa kwemitshintshi (umonakalo kwi-DNA) kubangela ukuba kuveliswe kwaye kuhlulwe ulawulo. Iziyobisi ze-Chemotherapy zisebenza ngokuphazamisa ukuveliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokwahlukana kweeseli zeeseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, iidlers ezikhula ngokukhawuleza (ngokukhawuleza) zihlala ziphendula kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy. Ngokwahlukileyo, izilonda ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, njengezinye iindidi ze-lymphoma, aziphenduli kakuhle, okanye nakwezinye, kulezi zonyango.

Ezinye iiseli eziqhelekileyo emizimbeni yethu zahlula ngokukhawuleza, njengalezo ziintloko zeentloko, umongo we-bone, kunye neendlela zokugaya.

Oku kubangelwa imiphumo echaphazelekayo ye-chemo yokulahleka kweenwele, ukunyanzelwa kwethambo lomnxeba kunye ne-nasusea.

Kutheni i-Chemotherapy?

Ukuqonda kangcono injongo ye-chemotherapy kwaye kutheni isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umdlavuza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela unyango lwezonyango ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: unyango lwendawo kunye neenkqubo (i-body body). Izonyango zengingqi, ezifana nophando kunye nokunyanga kwamayeza, phatha umdlavuza apho uqala khona. I-Chemotherapy-kunye nezonyango ezijoliswe kuyo kunye ne-immunotherapy-kunoko zicatshangelwa unyango lweenkqubo. Ezi zonyango zibhekisele kwiiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo naphi na emzimbeni, kungekhona nje indawo yokuqala yomhlaza.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala (okanye i- metastasized ) okanye ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba usasazeke, unyango lweenkqubo ezifana ne-chemotherapy luyadingeka. Oku kungaboniswa kangcono ngomzekelo. Ukuphelelwa ngumhlaza wesifuba kungasusa isisu kwibele. Kodwa ukuba nayiphi na iiseli zisasaze ngaphaya kwebele ukuba zifike kwii-lymph nodes okanye ezinye izitho-nokuba ngaba iiseli ezimbalwa kuphela zisasazeka kodwa zingakhange zifunyanwe nge-scans-surgery ayinakukwazi ukususa ezo seli kunye ne-chemotherapy kufuneka.

Amagciwane anokwakheka ngegazi anjenge-leukemia akhoyo kwiiseli ezijikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba, ngoko ke unyango lwamaziko lusetyenziswa rhoqo.

Uphi na i-Chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy inokunikezelwa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo ezingqondweni. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wakho kwaye uqonde injongo ngqo ye-chemotherapy njengenxalenye yonyango lwenyango. Enyanisweni, uphando olutshanje lufumene ukuba izigulane kunye noogqirha bahlala behluke ekuqondeni kwabo kwezi njongo. Injongo ye-chemotherapy ingaba:

• Ulwaphulo oluchithwayo: Ngeengqungquthela ezinxulumene negazi, ezifana ne-leukemia, i-chemotherapy kaninzi inikwe ngenjongo yokuphilisa umhlaza. Ngonyango olunyango, unyango lwakho lunokugqitywa ukuba lube luhlobo lwe-chemotherapy, oluyinyathelo lokuqala kunyango, olulandelwa yinkqubo yokwenza i-chemotherapy, elandela.
  
• I-chemotherapy ye-Adjuvant: I-Chemotherapy inokunikezelwa njengonyango oluxhasayo-oko kukuthi, kunye nezinye izifo zomhlaza. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wolu ngukuba i-chemotherapy isetyenziselwa abantu abanomdlavuza wesibeleko esasengaphambili okanye nokuba bangasasazeka kwii-lymph nodes, kodwa abazange basasaze kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Kulo mzekelo, i-chemotherapy isetyenziswe njengendlela yokuphelisa nantoni na iisilini zee-tumor eziye ngaphaya kwebele, kodwa ayikwazi ukufunyanwa kwizifundo zengqondo ezikhoyo. I-Micrometastases lixesha ongayiva ngalo elichaza ama-metastases angabakho kodwa akakwazi ukufunyanwa kwi-scans.
  

• I-neoadjuvant chemotherapy: I-Chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuba ihlaziye isisu ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba utyando lwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy inganikwa umntu onomdlavuza ongaphazamisekiyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubungakanani bomhlaza ukuze utyando luyenzeka.
  
• Ukwandisa ubomi: I-Chemotherapy isoloko isetyenziselwa izicubu eziqinile ukwenzela ukwanda kwexesha lokuphila, kodwa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuphilisa umhlaza. Ngomdlavuza ophindaphindiweyo okanye umhlaza oye waqulunqa, ukunyanga akunakwenzeka, kodwa i-chemotherapy inokunyusa ukwanda komntu okanye ixesha lokuba iqhuma liqhubeke ( ukusinda okungahambisani nentsholongwane ).
  
• I-chemotherapy yesondlo: Emva kokunyanga kokuqala kunye ne-chemotherapy, ukugcinwa kwekhemotherapy ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba kunikwe uncedo lokugcina ukuxolelwa komhlaza okanye ukuthintela umhlaza okhoyo ngokukhula. Ngamayeza okulondoloza, ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza asetyenziswayo kaninzi kuncinci kunokuba kunikwe ikhefu le-chemotherapy yokuqala.
  
• Ulwaphulo olunamafutha: I-Chemotherapy inokunikwa kwakhona njengonyango olulingathayo (i- chemotherapy ehambayo ). Kule ndlela, i-chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza, kodwa kungekhona ngenjongo yokuphilisa umhlaza. Kanti ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa 'i-salvage chemotherapy.'

• Iingcebiso zokujongana ne-Metallic Taste Ngethuba le-Chemotherapy

• Ngaba Ndiza Kulahla Ukunyusa Ngethuba Ngethuba leKhemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy inikezelwa njani?

I-Chemotherapy inokunikezwa ngezindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwisicatshulwa esithile. Iindlela ziquka:

• Injini yokukhupha (IV): Amachiza amaninzi e-chemotherapy anikezwa ngaphakathi. Uninzi lwala mayeza alinakunikwa ngomlomo njengoko luza kuphulwa nge-enzyme yokugaya, okanye luya kuba yinto enobuthi kakhulu kumbindi wendlela yokugaya. Iziyobisi ze-IV zinganikezwa nge-périphher IV okanye kwindawo engundoqo (jonga ukhetho olungezantsi).
  
• I-injection ye-intramuscular (IM): I- injection ye-IM ihambisa isilwanyana kwisisipha, njengombhobho wesitetus.
  
• I-injection engaphantsi (SubQ): Iinjongo ze-SubQ zinikezwa ngenaliti encinane nje phantsi kwesikhumba, njengolu vavanyo lwe-TB.
  
• Ingeniso ye-intrathecal: I- intrathecal chemotherapy yindlela apho iilmotherapy zonyango zihanjiswa ngqo kwi- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ehlamba ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgudu. Amaninzi emhlaza womhlaza awawunqamuli umqobo wegazi- isalathisi esijikeleze ubuchopho obunqanda ukufikelela kwawo kwiibhox. Ukuze uphathe iiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo kwingqondo, inaliti ifakwe ngqo kule ndawo kwenkqubo efana nefuthe lomgcini. Ngamanye amaxesha-afana nomgca ophakathi kwonyango lwe-IV-inkunkuma igcinwe phantsi kwe-scalp (i- Ommaya reservoir ) ukuvumela ii-injection eziphindaphindiweyo ze-intrathecal. I-intrathecal chemotherapy ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umdlavuza oye wasasazeka kwi-CSF okanye ukukhusela umdlavuza ukusasazeka kwi-CSF.
  
• Injectedoneal injection: I- chemotherapy ye-intraperitoneal , i-chemotherapy agents ijojowe ngqo kwi-peritoneal cavity, isakhiwo esinezindlu ezininzi zesisu.
  
• Ulwaphulo lomlomo: Amanye amayeza anganikwa iipilisi, i-capsule, okanye i-liquid.

Indlela entsha yokubhala izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ihamba ngokubambelela kwabo kwizidakamizwa ezinokuziphathela ngokuthe ngqo kumaseli omhlaza. Lolu hlobo lwe- immunotherapy , olubhekiselwe njengoluphiko olusululweyo lwe- antioclonal antibody , luquka amayeza aquka ukudibanisa kokubili ukulwa nomzimba kunye neziyobisi zephemotherapy. I-anti-monoglonal antibody isebenza kwaye idibanise yona kumaseli athile omhlaza. Omnye ukhona, "umrhumo wokuhlawula" -i-chemotherapy-drug is delivered ngqo kwi-cell cell.

I-intravenous Chemotherapy: I-Peripheral IV vs. Port vs PICC kunye neCVC ene-Tunneled

Omnye umbuzo onokujamelana nawo ukuba unayo i-chemotherapy ye-IV kukuba ingaba unalo unyango nge-IV-IV ye-IV efakwe kwisandla sakho okanye ngesandla-okanye nge- catheter (cvc).

Ngomzila we-IV, umhlengikazi wakho we-chemotherapy uza kufaka i-IV engalo yakho ekuqaleni kwe-infusion nganye kwaye uyisuse ekupheleni. I-catheter ephambili ye-venous ifakwa ngaphambi kokuba iqalise i-chemotherapy kwaye ihlala ishiywe endaweni ngokunyanga kwexesha lezonyango. Kukho iingozi kunye neenzuzo zendlela nganye , nangona ngamanye amaxesha umgca wecala unyanzelekile (umzekelo, kunye neyeza zamakhemikhali ucaphukisa emithanjeni).

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeendlela eziphambili. Ichwephethi ye- chemotherapy , okanye i-port-o-cath, iplastiki encinci okanye isithwathwa sensimbi esabekwa phantsi kwesikhumba sakho, ngokuqhelekileyo esifubeni sakho. Okufakwe kulolu cathter elifakwe kwisithambiso esikhulu kufuphi nentliziyo yakho. Ezi zifakwe kwigumbi lokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezingenakunqwenelekayo ngeveki okanye njalo phambi kokunyuswa kwakho kokuqala. Ichweba linokukunceda ukuba uphinde usebenzise i-anipheral IV kwaye ungasetyenziselwa ukuthabatha igazi nokunikela igazi.

Umgca we- PICC ufakwe kwisigxininiso sengalo yakho kwaye ungasetyenziselwa ukuya kwiiveki ezintandathu ngokubanzi. Ukuba iimvumba zakho zonakaliswe kwi-chemotherapy, okanye incinci kakhulu kumgca wePICC ukuba ifakwe, i- CVC ene-tunne yindlela yesithathu kwabanye abantu. Kule nkqubo, i-catheter ifakwe ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo esifubeni sakho, kunye ne-catheter ifakwe kwisitya esikhulu njenge-port okanye i-PICC.

Zingaphi i-Chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy idla ngokuqhutywa kwiiseshoni eziliqela, ihlukaniswe ixesha elide (rhoqo rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwethathu). Ekubeni i-chemotherapy ithatha iiseli ezisezintlu zesahlulo seseli, kunye neeseli zomhlaza zizonke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphumla nokuhlula, ukujikeleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuvumela ithuba elikhulu lokunyanga amaninzi eseli somhlaza. Ubungakanani bexesha phakathi kweeseshoni ziya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiidakamizwa, kodwa zidla ngokucwangciswa ngexesha apho inani lakho legazi lilindelwe ukuba libuyele eliqhelekileyo.

Umxube weKhemotherapy

Ukudibanisa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-chemotherapy-ezibhekiswa njenge- chemotherapy edibeneyo- isetyenziswa rhoqo ukuphelisa umdlavuza, kunokuba isicatshulwa esisodwa. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi. Iiseli zesifo se-Cancer kwi-tumor azikho kwindawo enye kwindawo yokukhula. Ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezichaphazela umjikelezo weseli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokuphindaphinda kunye nokwahlukana kweselula kwandisa ithuba lokuba amaninzi omhlaza weeseli anako ukuphathwa. Ukusebenzisa udibaniso lwamachiza lunokuvumela ukuba oogqirha basebenzise amaqondo angaphantsi kwamaqela amaninzi, kunokuba i-dose ephakamileyo yee-arhente enye, ngoko ukunciphisa ubuthi bonyango.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iinkqubo ze-chemotherapy. Ngokomzekelo, i- BEACOPP yi-regimen yezilwanyana ezisixhenxe ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-lodphom ye-Hodgkin.

Izigaba zeMithi yeChemotherapy

Kukho iindidi ezininzi okanye iintlobo zemithi ye-chemotherapy, ehluke zombini nendlela esebenza ngayo (iindlela) kunye nalapho basebenza khona (yintoni inxalenye yomjikelo weseli.) Ezinye iziyobisi zisebenza kwenye yezigaba ezine eziphambili zesahlulo seseli, kanti abanye- kuthiwa izidakamizwa zesigaba esingekho- zisebenza kumaphuzu amaninzi. Ezinye zeeklasi zamachiza ziquka:

Ama-Alkylating Agents: Eli liqela eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziswayo ngamayeza e-chemotherapy. Ziyiziyobisi ezingezizo ezonakalisa ngqo i-DNA kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukhathaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhensi. Imizekelo ibandakanya iCytoxan (cyclophosphamide) ne-Myleran (busulfan).

I-Antimetabolites: Ngokulula , ezi zi yobisi zisebenza ngokuzenza ngathi ziyimithombo yondlo yeseli. Iiseli zomhlaza zithatha ezi zonyango esikhundleni sezondlo kwaye zibulawa yindlala. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Navelbine (vinorelbine), i-VP-16 (etoposide) kunye neGemzar (gemcitabine).

I-Alkaloids yeeLityalo: Eli klasi liquka iziyobisi ezifunyenweyo kwimithombo yezityalo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Cosmegen (dactinomycin) kunye ne-Mutamycin (mitomycin).

I-Antitumor Antibiotics: I- Antitumor antibiotics ihluke kwiindidi ze-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha unyango lwe-bacteria. La machiza asebenza ngokuthintela umdlali weengqambela ukuvelisa (kwaye ke, gcina izicathulo zokukhula). Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) neCerubidine (daunorubicin).

Kutheni i-Chemotherapy ayisoloko iphilisa umdlavuza?

Ekubeni i-chemotherapy inokuthi iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ubukhulu be-tumor, kunokudideka ukuzama ukuqonda ukuba kutheni kungekhona ukunyanga iisomdla (izicubu ezinzima) ezisasazekayo. Ingxaki kukuba amangqamuzana omhlaza afumana iindlela zokukhupha izidakamizwa emva kwexesha. I-Oncologists ibhekisela kule nto njengengcikiva eqhubekayo. Esi sizathu sokuba kutheni ukuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ze-chemotherapy ( ukwelashwa kwemigca yesibini ) kusetyenziswa rhoqo xa umhlaza uphindela okanye ukhula ngexesha lokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy.

Imiphumo emibi yeKhemotherapy

Abantu abaninzi bayethusa malunga ne-chemotherapy, beva iindaba ezibuhlungu ezidlulileyo. Kodwa njengoko kwenziwe phambili kwezinye iindawo, ukuphuculwa kwenziwe nge-chemotherapy ngokunjalo. Iziphumo ezisemgangathweni ziyaqhubeka, kodwa ezininzi zezi zilawulwa kakuhle. Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze ungeze kwintuthuzelo yakho ngeli xesha.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba wonke umntu uhlukile kwaye uyasabela kwi-chemotherapy ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Abanye abantu banokuba nemiphumo emibini yecala, ngelixa abanye bengenakho nhlobo. Iimiphumo ezithile ezingalindelekanga ziya kuxhomekeka kumachiza athile owamkelayo, kodwa ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Isisindo kunye nokuvuthwa: I- casino kunye nokuhlanza mhlawumbi yimiba engatshitshisiyo yechemotherapy, kodwa zombini ukukhusela kunye nokunyangwa kwezi ziphumo kuye kwaphucula kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva. Izidakamizwa zokusasaza isisulu (antiemetics) zidla ngokukhawuleza kunye nezobisi ezininzi ze-chemotherapy ukukhusela isicupunu.
  
  Bobabini imishanguzo kunye nezinto zokuphila zingancedisa i- cerebral-provoked nausea kunye nokuhlanza . Ukuthatha ixesha elifutshane lokuqwalasela ukutya okubalulekileyo kubalulekile, kwaye sifunda ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokubaluleka kokondlo olungileyo ngexesha lononophelo lomhlaza. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi baye bafumana ukusebenzisa i- ginger kunye ne- acupressure ye-cerebral-related leusea echaphazelekayo , ezi ndlela zimele zisetyenziswe kunye neendawo endaweni zokuncedisa i-nudea yeziphumo ezilungileyo. Xa i-nausea ithe yaphuhliswa, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukudlala "ukubamba" kunokuba ukuba uphawu luqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza.
  
• Ukulahleka kweenwele: Ukulahleka kweenwele kufana ne-chemotherapy, kwaye nangona akuyingozi kwimpilo yakho yempilo, kunokukhathazeka kakhulu ngokomzwelo. Ayikho yonke imithi yokwelapha i -chemotherapy eyenza ukulahleka kweenwele, kodwa yintoni eyenza abantu abaninzi baxakeke kukuba iziyobisi ze-chemotherapy ezibangelwa ukulahleka kwentloko zibangele ngaphezu kwelahleko zentloko yakho. Ukususela phezulu kwentloko yakho, kwiiyunile zakho kunye ne-eyelashes, ukunyuka kweenwele ze-pubic, ukulungiselela ukulahleka kweenwele kwi-chemotherapy kunokukunceda ukuba ubhekane nokulula lula noko kuza kuza.
  
  Abanye abantu bakuthola kuncedo ukuhamba nge-wig kunye ne-scarf shopping ngaphambi kokuba baqale unyango. Abanye bafumanisa ukuba "ukuhlaziya" kunokuncedisa ukuhleka kancinci kwixesha elixinzezelayo. Nangona ufumana "inzuzo" yokungabi ncazo ubuso bakho-okanye imilenze yakho yowesifazane-uyayilula, ihlazo lincede abantu abaninzi bajongene nale mpembelelo.
  
  Ukulahleka kweenwele ngokuqhelekileyo kuqalisa ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuba unyango lwakho lokuqala, kunye ne-regrowth eyenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyanga kwakho kokugqibela. Ukulahleka kweenwele kunokuqhubekayo xa ufumana i-radiation entloko yakho, kodwa ukulahleka kwentloko unqabile nge-chemotherapy yedwa. Abaphandi baye bajonga iindlela zokuthintela ukulahleka kweenwele kwi-chemotherapy kunye nempumelelo embi. Ukusetyenziswa kokucwiliswa kwe-scalp kuye kwaba ngempumelelo kwezinye iifundo, nangona oku kungenakukhathazeka kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ingozi yemfundiso yokunciphisa ukusebenza kwonyango.
  
• I-Bone Marrow Ukuxhatshazwa: Ukunciphisa umongo wethambo ngowona miphumo eyingozi kakhulu yechemotherapy, kodwa ukulawulwa kweziphumo zecala-ingakumbi umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngenxa ye-low white cell count-kuye kwaphucula kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva. Zonke iiseli zegazi (amangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets) zenziwa kwiiseli ezicatshulwa ematyeni amathambo. Ekubeni ezo zihlula ngokukhawuleza iiseli, zonke ziyakuncitshiswa yi-chemotherapy. I-oncologist yakho iya kujonga inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) ngaphambi kokunyuswa kwamakhemikhali kunye nokubeka iliso kwizinga lakho ngokubanzi. Thatha isikhashana ukuphonononga ezi ngcebiso malunga nokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokusuleleka ngexesha le-chemotherapy .
  
• Izilonda zomlomo: Ezingama-30 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini abantu baya kuba nezilonda zomlomo ngexesha lokunyanga, nangona ezinye iyeza zikhona kunokuba zibangele le mpawu. Ukuba ufumana iziyobisi ezinokubangela izilonda zomlomo, umongikazi wakho we-chemotherapy unokukukhuthaza ukuba unamathele kwi-ice pop okanye i-chips iceps ngelixa isilwanyana singeniswe. Ezi zilonda zingenakuzixhalabisa zodwa, kodwa zingaphinde zithintele kwizifo ezisekondari ezifana ne- thrush yomlomo .
  
  Izimbalwa zokulinda zondlo zingenza umda omkhulu kwinduduzo yakho. Iingcebiso ziquka ukunqanda iziqhamo zentrafri, ukutya okuneziqholo kunye nosawoti, kunye nokutya kumaqondo atshisayo kakhulu, kunye nokunciphisa ukutya kunye nemiphetho ebukhali njengabaphangi. Unokuva abagulayo basemdlalweni ngokugqithisa " ngomlingo womlomo" ngenxa yezilonda zomlomo kodwa, thetha kwi-oncologist yakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela yokulungiselela, imithi okanye enye into.
  
• Thintana utshintsho: Iinguqu zokunambitha, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuthi "umlomo wezinyithi," zenzeke kwisiqingatha sabantu abaphethwe yi-chemotherapy. Nangona le nto ibonisa ukuba yinkathazo, qwa lasela ezi ngcebiso malunga nokujongana neengxaki zokunyusa i-chemotherapy . Abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba oku kuntsingiselo kukutshintshisana xa bongeza i-flavour yokutya kunye nokutya ngokutya kunye nokusebenzisa iintlobo zeesukisi (ukongeza uketshezi kwizinto ezinokutya kunokukunceda kunye nezilonda zomlomo). Ukuphumelela kwimigodi okanye ukuhlafuna i-gum, kunye nokutshintshela kwimpahla yeplastiki ngexesha, kunokunceda.
  
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Ukuxubusha kunye nentlungu kwi-distribution-gveve distribution (izandla kunye neenyawo) zibonakalisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene ne- chemotherapy-induced paripheral neuropathy kwaye zichaphazela cishe isithathu sabantu abafumana i-chemotherapy Ezinye iziyobisi, ngokugqithiseleyo "i-platinum", nomphumo kunabanye. Iimbilini zethu zihlanganiswe nezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin ukuba izenzo zifana nendlela yokuvala yangaphandle intambo yombane. Kucingelwa ukuba la machiza awonakalisa i-myelin kwaye, ngokwenza njalo, ayaphazamise ukuqhutyelwa kweempawu zesigulane.
  
  Ngokungafani ezininzi zeempawu ezinxulumene ne-chemotherapy, i-neuropathy ivame ngokuqhubekayo emva kokuba i-chemotherapy igqityiwe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha-unokuhlala unaphakade. Uphando kwi- glutamine kunye nezinye iindlela ezinokuthintela i-neuropathy ukuba zenzeke kwindawo yokuqala ziqhubeka. Thetha ugqirha malunga nalezi zikhetho ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-chemotherapy.
  
• Utshintsho lwezilwanyana : Iziyobisi ze-Chemotherapy zingabangela ukuguquka kwezibilini ukusuka ekuqatheni ukuya kwisifo sohudo, kuxhomekeke kwisibisi. Ukugqithiswa kuqhelekile kwezinye zeziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela isicathulo, kwaye ugqirha wakho unokuncoma amanyathelo okuthintela ukuzitywa ngexesha le-chemotherapy, njenge-softener softol, i-laxative, okanye zombini. I-diarrhea inokukhawuleza ibe yinkathazo kubantu abakwimichiza, ikakhulu njengoko igalelo ekudambiseni amanzi. Khangela oku kulungelelaniso lokutya kwesifo sohudo kwi-chemotherapy , kodwa qiniseka ukuba uthethe ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba uhlakulela isifo sohudo.
  
• Ubuninzi beSizwe: Izidakamizwa ezininzi ze-chemotherapy zandisa amathuba okufumana ukushona kwelanga xa uphuma ilanga, into ebizwa ngokuba yi -phototoxicity . Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba iziyobisi uzakufumana indawo yakho engozini kwaye zeziphi izicwangciso omele uzithathe. (Qaphela: I-sunscreen yedwa ayinakusebenza kwaye inokucaphukisa isikhumba sakho, ingakumbi ukuba ufumana unyango lwe-radiation.)
  
• Chemobrain: Ixesha elithi chemobrain liye laqulunqwa ukuchaza imiphumo engqondweni yabantu abathile abaye bafumana ngexesha nangemva kwekhemotherapy. Iimpawu ezisuka ekukhuliseni ukukhunjulwa ubunzima kunye ne-multitasking zinokuphazamiseka, kwaye zinokukunceda amalungu omndeni ukuba aqonde le mpembelelo. Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba ukugcina ingqondo yabo isebenza ngokuzivocavoca ezifana ne-crossword puzzles, sudoku, okanye nayiphi na "abaculi beengqondo" abayolonwayo kunokuba luncedo kwiintsuku kunye neveki zilandelayo unyango.
  
• Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala yinkalo echaphazelekayo yechemotherapy, echaphazela phantse wonke umntu ofumana ezi zonyango. Ngelishwa, lolu hlobo lokukhathala alukho uhlobo lokhathala oluphendula kwendebe yekhofi okanye ubusuku obuhle bokulala. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokukunceda ukujamelana nokukhathala komhlaza , kodwa obaluleke kakhulu kukuzivumela ixesha elide olifunayo ukuphumla. Eyona ndlela "yonyango" yeyona mpembelelo yecala kukufikelela kwiintsapho kunye nabahlobo kwaye ubavumele ukuba bancede. Izwi elithi "kuthatha idolophana" alikho ndawo efanelekileyo njengokuba kusetyenziswe i-chemotherapy.

Iimpawu ezide zexesha elide zeKhemotherapy

Iziphumo ezide zexesha eliqhelekileyo ze-chemotherapy aziqhelekanga kuqala xa uziva ufuna i-chemotherapy yomhlaza. Ngayo yonke imithi yokwelapha, izibonelelo zonyango kufuneka zilinganiswe nemingcipheko. Sekunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezinye zeempembelelo ezisemva kwexesha-iimiphumo ezingeze zenzeke de iinyanga okanye nokuba iminyaka emva kokupheliswa komhlaza. Njengemiphumo engaphantsi kwexesha elifutshane, iingxaki oza kuba nazo ezi mpawu ziya kuxhomekeka kwiiyobisi ezithile ze-chemotherapy ozifumanayo. Ezinye iziphumo ezidlulileyo ziquka:

• Iintliziyo Zengqondo: Ezinye iziyobisi zamachiza, ikakhulukazi iziyobisi ezifana ne- Adriamycin (doxorubicin) , zingabangela umonakalo wentliziyo. Uhlobo lomonakalo lunokuvela kwiintsilelo zokungaphumeleli kweengxaki ze-valve ukuya kwi-coronary artery disease. Ukuba ufumana nawaphi na amachiza, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukuhlolwa kwentliziyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Ukunyanga kwamayeza kweso sifubeni kunokunyusa ingozi yeengxaki ezinxulumene nentliziyo.
  
• Ukungenanto: ezininzi iziyobisi zonyango zibangelwa ukungabikho kwengqondo emva kokunyanga. Ukuba kukho ithuba ongathanda ukuyikhulelwa emva kwekhemotherapy, ukhetho olunjengefriji yomngcipheko okanye ama-embryo aqandayo asetyenziswe ngempumelelo ngabantu abaninzi. Qinisekisa ukuba nale ngxoxo ngaphambi kokuqala unyango.
  
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Ukuxubha, ukuphazamiseka, kunye neentlungu ezinyaweni zakho nasezandleni ezibangelwa ngamanye ama-agent e-chemotherapy angakwazi ukuqhubeka ezinyangeni ezininzi, nokuba unokuhlala unaphakade, njengoko kuphawulwe, uphando lwenziwe ukujonga iindlela zokungaphatha kuphela le mpembelelo kodwa ukukhusela ukuba kwenzeke ngokubanzi.
  
• Iikliniki zesiThili : Ekubeni ezinye iziyobisi zonyango zisebenza ngokubangela ukulimala kwe-DNA kwiiseli, zingaphinde zithathe unyango kuphela kodwa zenze ukuba umntu abe nomhlaza. Umzekelo walokhu kukuphuhliswa kwe-leukemia kubantu abaye baphathwa ngeCytoxan (cyclophosphamide), isilwanyana esasetyenziswa ngokusasazwa ngumhlaza webele. Ezi kancinci zihlala zivela kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwi-10 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuba i-chemotherapy igqityiwe.

Eminye imiphumo engapheliyo imiphumo ingabandakanya iimpawu ezivela ekulahlekelweni kwindlebe okanye kwi-cataracts kuya kumaphaphu fibrosis. Nangona umngcipheko weempendulo ezimbi zidla ngokuthelekiswa nokuncedisa unyango, thatha isikhashana uxoxe nodokotela wakho malunga nemiphumo engase ibe yodwa kwi-regimen yakho ethile.

Imibuzo Yokubuza Ngayo ngeKhemotherapy

Ukuba nenani lemibuzo ngesandla xa ubona ugqirha wakho ukwandisa ithuba lokuba uya kuqonda unyango lwakho kunye nokusemandleni akho. Khawuqwalasele le mibuzo elandelayo, kwaye wongeza eyakho engqondweni:

• Iyintoni injongo ye-chemotherapy oyifumanayo? Ngamanye amazwi, unenjongo yokuphilisa umhlaza wakho, ukwandisa ubomi bakho, ukujongana nokuba kungenzeka ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeka emva kokuhlinzwa, okanye ukunciphisa impawu?
• Ziziphi izidakamizwa ezizodwa eziza kukufumana? Ezi zonyango ziya kunikwa njani? Ngaba ucebisa ichwethi okanye umgca wePICC, okanye i-peripheral IV?
• Iindleko zonyango ziza kuba zininzi?
• Uya kufumana phi i-chemotherapy?
• Zingaphi iindibano eziza kubakho, kwaye zingaphi iiseshoni eziza kufuneka?
• Kuze kube nini iseshoni iphela?
• I-chemo ichaphazela njani impilo yakho yemihla ngemihla, amandla okusebenza, kunye nokukwazi ukunyamekela abantwana bakho?
• Ngaba kulungile ukuhamba wedwa, okanye ufuna umhlobo ukuba akuqhube?
• Ziziphi iimpembelelo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zaloo unyango, kwaye yintoni eyenziwa ukulawula nganye yezi zinto? Ziya kulindeleka nini ukuba ziqale, kwaye zihlala nini? Ingaba kukho imiphumo ebalulekileyo yonyango?
• Ukuba i-peripheral neuropathy iyimpembelelo yecala, ngaba kukho into enokuyenza ngenjongo yokunciphisa umngcipheko?
• Ngaba mhlawumbi uya kulahleka i inwele zakho? (Iinkampani ezininzi ze-inshorensi zihlawula i-wig kodwa zidinga imithi evela kwi-oncologist yakho.Umyalelo kufuneka ubhalwe "ngeengqungquthela zeenwele" okanye "i-prostance".
• Ziziphi iimpembelelo ezichaphazelekayo ezifunekayo ukuba zifake umnxeba ngokukhawuleza? Ngamanye amazwi, yintoni iimeko ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokukhawuleza?
• Ukuba unomdla wokuba nezingane kwixesha elizayo, njani i-chemo ichaphazela ukuzala kwakho kunye nawaphi amanyathelo onokuwuthatha ukuze ulondoloze amandla akho okuba nabantwana?
• Ixesha legazi lakho liza kubalwa ukuba lihlolwe njani? Yintoni enokuthi ifanele ibe ngamanani phambi kweseshoni esilandelayo? Yintoni eya kwenzeka xa ubalekile kakhulu?
• Ngaba uya kufuneka uthathe unyango emva kokuba uhambe ekhaya, njengama-laxatives ukukhusela ukutyunjwa okanye iisisiti ezikhuthaza iiseli zamhlophe zegazi?
• Ngaba uya kufuneka uthathe naziphi na izicwangciso ezilumkileyo? Ngokomzekelo, ngaba uya kufuneka uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo, qaphela elangeni, ugweme ukutshintsha ibhokisi yenkunkuma, okanye ugqoke imaski kuluntu?
• Kubafazi be-premenopausal, ngaba kufuneka usebenzise ulawulo lokuzalwa?
• Ngaba kufuneka uthathe nayiphi na i-vitamin okanye isondlo sokutya ngexesha le-chemotherapy? (I-Chemotherapy iyakunceda ukuba ube ne-vitamin deficiencies, kodwa ezinye iivithamini nezamaminerali ezongezelelweyo zingaphazamisa i-chemotherapy .)
• Ngaba zikhona iimpawu zokugonywa ozifunayo? (Olu lwazi malunga nokugonywa ngabantu abanomdlavuza luxoxa ngokubanjelwa kokubili okunokunconywa kunye nezitofu ezifanele zikhutshwe ngexesha lotyando lomhlaza.)
• Ziziphi ezinye iindlela okanye iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokwelapha ( ukunyanga okubambisana nomhlaza ) kunokunceda ukuphucula iimpawu ze-chemotherapy? Ngaba ezi zikhoyo kwiziko lakho lomhlaza?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zonyango ezifumanekayo ezinokuba ziphumelele kune-regimen ecebisiweyo?
• Uyakwazi njani (kunye nini) ukuba iziyobisi zonyango zisebenza njani?
• Yiyiphi "isicwangciso B" sakho ukuba ikhemotherapy ayisebenzisekanga?
• Ngubani na onokumbiza ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo, mhlawumbi imini okanye ubusuku?

Imiba eSebenzayo

Uninzi lwethu luqhuba ubomi obuxakekile ngaphambi kokuxilongwa komhlaza. Ukufunda uya kufuna imithi yonyango unokubuza ukuba uya kukwazi njani ukulawula izibophelelo zakho "eziqhelekileyo" kunye noxanduva lwakho kunye nonyango lwakho. Thatha isikhashana ukuqwalasela le miba efanelekileyo kwaye ucinge ngoluphi uncedo oluya kulufuna ukugcina ubomi bakho buhamba kakuhle. Ngaba udinga ukukhwela kwisiko sakho somhlaza? Ngaba ufuna udweliso ngononophelo lwabantwana? Nazi izicwangciso ezimbalwa zokukunceda ukulungiselela:

• Khetha umhlobo omhle okanye ababini abangabakho "abaququzeleli" bakho xa beza kwiimpazamo kunye nokuthetha nabanye. Aba bantu banokukunceda ukulungelelanisa iinzame zabahlobo abaye banikezela ukunceda, kwaye ube njengabavakalisi xa benqweneli ukuba phendula ifowuni kwakhona. Abantu abaninzi baqala isayithi kwiCaring Bridge okanye kwindawo efana nayo apho bangabelana ngolwazi malunga nendlela unyango olwenzeka ngayo. Ezi ziza zinokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wokukhuthaza kwaye zivumela abahlobo ukuba bathumele uthando lwabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuphazamisa. IiSayithi ezinjengeLotsa ekuncedeni iiNtloko zingabaluleka ekuhleleni imisebenzi phakathi kwabo bazinikele ngokuzithandela ukunceda. Ingaba ulungiselela ukutya ukuza kuwe, ukuncedisa ngemisebenzi yasendlini, okanye ukubonelela ngononophelo lwezingane, abantu bangabhalisela iintsuku namaxesha ukuba banike uncedo lwabo.
• Uza kuchitha ixesha elininzi elihleli ngexesha leeseshoni zakho zokunyusa. Hlola ezi ngcebiso malunga noko ukupakisha i-chemotherapy malunga neengcamango eziphathekayo ukuzisa induduzo yakho nokukhusela ukukhupha.

Kubahlobo kunye nosapho

Njengoko umthandayo eqala i-chemotherapy, unokuba uzive ungenakunceda, uzibuza ukuba unokwenza ntoni ukunceda. Ingaba kukunceda ukulungisa ukutya okufudumele okanye ukugubungela umtshini, qwalasela iitalente zakho nezindlela onokuyolonwabela ngazo ukwenza ubomi baloo mntu ngexesha lokuqhuma kwe-chemo kunye nokunokwenzeka. Yikhumbule ukuba iimvakalelo zinokuthi zivelele xa umntu efunyanwa ngumhlaza. Yenza umonde kwaye uzame ukungayithathi xa umntu wakho othandekayo engaphantsi kwamaxesha athile. Inkoliso yethu ayiyiyo yethu imbeko ngokuqhelekileyo xa sikhathele, sikhathazeke, okanye sibuhlungu.

Nazi izicwangciso ezimbalwa zokuxhasa othandayo ngomhlaza , kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuphela nje. Enye yezona nkxalabo zabantu abanomdlavuza wedwa.

ILizwi

Ukuba i-chemotherapy ikhuthazwe njengonyango lomhlaza wakho, mhlawumbi uziva uxhalabile. Kunzima ukuphepha ukuva iindaba ezibuhlungu zeentsuku eziphelile. Unokuzikhumbuza ukuba intuthuko enhle yenzeke kunyango lomhlaza. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho imiphumo emibi, kodwa ukuphuculwa kolawulo lwale miba kudala. Buza imibuzo. Funda ngokusemandleni akho malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho, kwaye ube ngummeli wakho kumnonophelo wakho womhlaza .

I-Cancer ingaba yintliziyo ephazamisayo . Khetha abahlobo abambalwa ongabelana ngazo iimvakalelo zakho ngokukhululekile nangokunyanisekileyo. Akusoloko ufanele ugcine isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo ngomhlaza . Enyanisweni, kubalulekile ukuzithobela ngokubonakalisa loo mvakalelo engekho. Funa abo bahlobo abaphulaphule ngaphandle kokugweba, uhlalise umoya wakho, kwaye kukuncede ufumane ukuhleka kwexesha phakathi koxinzelelo.

I-Chemotherapy ingaba nzima, kodwa ingaba yithuba elikhethekileyo. Abantu abaninzi bakhangele emva kweentsuku zabo ze-chemotherapy ngokukhawuleza, njengoko bekhumbula eli xesha lokudibanisa nabathandekayo-ixesha apho iimvakalelo ezinzulu zihamba ngokuqhelekileyo. Ionyango zonyango zingakuchukumisa phantsi, kodwa umdlavuza usoloko utshintsha abantu ngendlela ezilungileyo . Gcina iliso livulekele ezo zilivere zesilivere ezikhanyayo ngelifu lomhlaza.

_Imithombo:

_{I-American Society ye-Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Ukuqonda i-Chemotherapy. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-08/2015. http://www.cancer.net/kuvakalisa-khenkca- ukunakekelwa / ukubonisa-}

> Longo, DL Imigaqo yeHarrison yeeyeza zangaphakathi . 2013. eNew York: Hill-McGraw-Hill.

_{National Cancer Institute. INKQUBO YOQOQOQO LOKUQALA Iintlobo zeMithi yeChemotherapy. Fi kelelwa ngo-08/16/16. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/treatment/chemotherapy/types.html}

> Niederhuber, J., Armitage, J., Doroshow, J., Kastan, M., kunye noJ. Tepper. I-Clinic Onecology Clinic: I-5 Edition. 2013. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier.