Isifo se-neuromuscular autoimmune
I-Myasthenia gravis yinkinga ye-neuromuscular autoimmune. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isistim somzimba sokuzivikela umzimba senza iintsholongwane zihlasela iintsholongwane ezihlasela umzimba. "I-Autoimmune" ithetha ukuba isistim somzimba somntu sisilwaphulo-mthetho kwaye sidala iziza-mzimba ezihlasela iiseli zomntu. Kwi-myasthenia gravis, i-antibodies iphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kweempawu zentsholongwane kwimisipha.
Ngamanye amagama, izihlunu azifumani umqondiso ukusuka kwiimbilini zokuhamba.
Ngubani Osemngciphekweni?
I-Myasthenia gravis ayizuze ilifa, kwaye ayifumananga. Akucaci isizathu sokuba abantu bahlakulele ingxaki, nangona abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kunokuvela kwiingxaki zobomi. EUnited States, malunga ne-14 kwabangama-100,000 abantu bahlakulela i-myasthenia gravis, nangona abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba amanani mhlawumbi aphakamileyo kuba i-disorder ayifumaneki ngokufanelekileyo. Kuyabasetyhini, i-disorder ngokuvamile iqala kuma-20s kunye no-30; ngamadoda, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50.
Iimpawu
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu uya kuba nobuthakathaka obuthakathaka obunzima kwaye akayi kukhathala okanye ukukhathala. Izihlunu ezixhaphakileyo kakhulu zichaphazelekayo:
- Iimboli ze-drooping (uphawu lokuqala kwi-2/3 yazo zonke izigulane)
- Ubuthakathaka bomlomo, obangela ingxaki yokuhlafuna, ukugwinya, okanye ukuthetha (uphawu lokuqala kwi-1/6 yezigulane)
- Ubuthakathaka bemilenze okanye umlenze (obuncinane njengempawu yokuqala)
Enye inkcazo kukuba ubuthathaka buhluka kulo lonke usuku, ngokuqhelekileyo luba nomnene xa umntu evuka kodwa ehamba ngakumbi njengoko imini iyaqhubeka, ingakumbi ukuba umntu usebenzisa izihlunu ezichaphazelekayo. Ubuthakathaka buhluke kunokuba, ngokomzekelo, ukhathala umntu unokuziva kwimilenze yakhe emva kokuma okanye ukusebenza yonke imini.
"Ubuthakathaka" kuthetha ukungabi nako ukuhamba, okanye nje ukukwazi ukuhamba, umsila othile.
Ezinye izinto ezenza ububuthakathaka obuthathaka bube buhlungu kakhulu, ukugula (ikakhulu ingxaki yokuphefumula), iingxaki ze-thyroid , ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba, ukuya esikhathini, nokukhulelwa.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuba umntu unempawu ebonisa ukuba unakho i-myasthenia gravis, kukho iimvavanyo ezingenziwa ukuze ziqinisekiswe. Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kukuba ukhangele igazi ngenxa yobukho be-antibodies ezingaqhelekanga usebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-acetylcholine receptor antibody. Ubukho be-antibodies buqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Olunye uvavanyo oluthembekileyo luvavanyo lwe-edrophonium chloride (uvavanyo lweTensilon). Le khemikhali ifakwe kwi-vein, kwaye ukuba amandla omzimba aphuculwe emva kokuba anikwe, yinkxaso enamandla yokuxilongwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha enye okanye zombini le mvavanyo ayiyibi okanye ayicaci kumntu obonakala ngathi unayo i-myasthenia gravis.
Unyango
Ionyango eziqhelekileyo ze-myasthenia gravis ziquka:
- Imithi enjengeMestinon (pyridostigmine bromide) kunye neProstigmin (neostigmine bromide)
- Imithi yeCorticosteroid njenge-prednisone
- Amachiza anokukhusela umzimba wokuzivikela, njenge-Imuran (azathioprine) kunye ne-cyclosporine
- Ukususwa kwe-thymus gland (thymectomy), ingqungquthela enkulu kwisistim somzimba
- Ukutshintshiselwa kwePlasma (plasmapheresis), apho igazi legazi legazi eliqulethwe ngamagciwane anqabileyo isuswa kwaye iplasma entsha ibuyiselwa
Umbono wexesha elide
Abantu abane-myasthenia gravis bangamaxesha amaninzi bakhokelela ubomi obupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ubuthathaka obuthathekayo bunqumle ukuya kwinqanaba lokungabi yingxaki (ebizwa ngokuba yi-remission). Kwabanye abantu, ubuthathaka bukho nje kwintsipheko. Kwabanye, ubuthathaka buqhubela phambili kwaye luhlala kuloo nqanaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka emibili yokuqala yokugula, ubuthathaka bungase bufikelele kwiimisipha ezilawula ukuphefumla, kwaye umntu uya kufakwa esibhedlele.
Akukho nonyango ye-myasthenia gravis, kodwa unyango luhlala lusebenza ngokunciphisa iingxaki zalo.
Abaphandi abajonga ukunyanga kwesi sifo bajolise ekulungiseni ingxaki kwi-immune system eyenza izikhuselo eziqhelekileyo. Abaphandi bavavanya lonke udidi lweemeko emzimbeni owenzeka ngokukhutshwa kwamagciwane, ukuba abone ukuphazamisa inkqubo endleleni kunye nokuyeka amaninzi omzimba ukuba angabangela iingxaki.
Umthombo:
> "Yintoni i-Myasthenia Gravis?" Malunga neMyasthenia Gravis. 15 Feyi 2007. I-Myasthenia Gravis Foundation yaseMelika.