Mfa nekiso.
Uhamba ukusuka ekhishini waya kwigumbi lokulala, mhlawumbi udlula egumbini lokuhlala. Iifestile zivulekile kwaye kukho umoya omsindo ophazamisa ukunyamezeka kwendawo. Amakhethini, umgada, amaqabunga ezityalo zakho zangaphakathi kunye mhlawumbi neenwele zakho zonke ziyahamba kunye. Ngokukhawuleza, njengoko uzimisele ukungena egumbini, isithunzi sibamba ikona lakho iliso uze uphenduke.
Umoya uhleli; yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Kodwa ngaphesheya kwegumbi, apho kwakungekho nto ngaphandle komoya mzuzwana odlulileyo, intombazana efakwe eluhlaza eluhlaza idlala ibhaluni ebomvu. Umbono awulindelekanga kwaye ke, awubonakali ukumangaliswa. Ude uyancwina phambi kokuba uphinde uqale umsebenzi wakhe wokuzonwabisa. Uncumo kwaye uqhubeke uhamba waya ekwibhedlele lakho. Izinja ezintathu, ikati, kunye ne-hummingbirds ezimbini zidlula kuwe ngaphambi kokufikelela kwindawo oya kuyo. Umzuzwana odlulileyo, wawungekho zifuyo.
Ukuba uneminyaka engama-70 ubudala kwaye ufumene uhlobo lomqondo obizwa ngokuba yi- Lewy body , oku kwenzeka ntoni kuwe. I- hallucination yinto yamava xa kungabikho kuvuselela. Ukuvakalelwa kwe-hallucinated kungabonwa, kuhloliswe, kubhekiselele kwaye ngezinye iinkhathi kuluhlu. Ngokomzekelo, i-hallucination ye-tactile yilapho uziva into ekhwela kwesikhumba kodwa akukho nto ikhona.
Oku akuyi kudideka ngento engafanelekanga, oko kukuphambukisa okanye ukuchazwa ngokucacileyo kwengqiqo yangempela: ukuba ucinga ukuba isityalo kwindawo yokulala yakho yayiyintombazana enemibala eluhlaza, umzekelo. I-hallucination ivame kakhulu kwaye ivakalelwa ngokwenene, phantse njengephupha eliqhubekayo xa uvukile.
Nangona ezinye iingcamango zingaba mnandi, ezinye ziyakwenkqisa kwaye ziphazamise.
I-hallucinations inokuvela kwiindlela ezintathu eziphambili:
- Izifo zeso
- Izifo zengqondo
- Imiphumo emibi yeziyobisi
Izifo zeso
Ngomnyaka we-1760, uCharles Bonnet, ongumthonyama waseSwitzerland kunye nefilosofi, waqala ukuchaza imeko enomdla wakhe oneminyaka engama-87 ubudala oneminyaka engama-87 ubudala. Uyise wayenabo amandla akhe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa wabona abantu, iintaka, izilwanyana kunye nezakhiwo ngelixa ziphantse ziphofu emehlweni abo bobabini! Wanikela igama lakhe kwi-syndrome uCharles Bonnet Syndrome, echaza ukuba khona kwendawo yokubona i-hallucinations (kunye nebonakalayo ngaphandle kwesinye isimo sengqondo esithintekayo) kubantu asebekhulile abanezifo zamehlo ahlukeneyo: izixhobo zokugcina umonakalo, ukuchithwa kwe-macular , i-cataract kunye nomonakalo kwiimbono ze-optic kunye neendlela. Indlela ayiqondwa kakuhle. Ezinye izazinzulu ziye zaphakamisa ukuba kukho "ukukhululwa" kwimiba yengqondo eqhelekileyo ekusebenzeni imifanekiso. I-stimuli ebonakalayo ithunyelwe kwi-retina yethu kwi-ingqondo yethu inqanda ubuchopho bethu ukuba isebenze nayiphina imifanekiso ngaphandle kwalowo okwangoku phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unesiqhelo kwaye uhamba phambili emsebenzini, uya kubona iskrini sekhompyutheni phambi kwakho ngokuchasene nolwandle olungazama ukuzama ukulujonga.
Xa iliso liyagula, ukuvuselelwa okubonakalayo akukhoyo kwaye lo lawulo lu lahleka, ngoko "ukukhulula" ingqondo ekugqibeleni inyaniso.
Izifo zeBongo
Iintlulelo zibonakalisa izifo ezininzi zeengqondo (kunye nengqondo, ukuba yiCartesian malunga nalo), nangona indlela yabo ingacaciswanga kakuhle:
- Izifo zengqondo, ngokukodwa i-schizophrenia, mhlawumbi enye yeemeko eziqhelekileyo zidibaniswa neengcinga ngokubanzi. Iilucucia ze-schizophrenia zihlala ziluhlobo lophicothiweyo, nangona i-hallucinations ebonakalayo iyakwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo.
- I-Delirium yinkqantosi yeempawu ezichazwe njengokungakwazi ukugcina ingqalelo kunye kunye neenguqu ekuzileni . Iyakwenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kuquka ukusuleleka kwakho kwegciwane. Ukurhoxiswa kotywala kunokubangela ukuba i-delirium ihambisane nokuhamba okungavamile (i-delirium tremens). Ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abane-delirium banokubukwa kwimibala.
- Isifo somzimba saseLewy luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esichazwa njengokulahlekelwa kwengqondo ehamba kunye neempawu zentshukumo ezifana nesifo seParkinson , i-hallucinations ebonakalayo kunye nenkqubela eguqukayo. Kule meko, ingqiqo isoloko igcinwa kwaye i-hallucinations iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye imbala, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ayiyikwesa. Iingqungquthela ziyakwenzeka nakwezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo, kuquka ne-Alzheimer's disease.
- Ukuhlaziya okubonakalayo kunokubangelwa zizibetho ezenzekayo kwiindawo ezibonakalayo zengqondo efumaneka kwimeko ye-occipital (isiLatini "emva kweentloko") kwi-lobes okanye kwi-brainstem. Indlela yokugqibela ihambelana nenqaku elithi "ukukhululwa" into efana neyayifakwe kwisifo seCharles Bonnet. Iingcamango zophicotho-zincwadi zingaphinde zenzeke ngemivimbo echaphazela iziko eziphicothiweyo kwingqondo efumaneka kwi-lobes yesikhashana.
- I-Migraines inokuhamba kunye neengcamango, ezifana nemigca yegzag ehamba phambili kwiifom zabo ezilula. Ezi zinokuthi zenzeke phambi kwentloko, okanye ngokwazo ngaphandle kwentlungu ehambelana nayo. Ubonakaliso obunzulu bokubaluleka kwemigudu ye-migraine yi-Alice-in-Wonderland syndrome, ekuthiwa yiyo kuba ithintela ingcamango yobukhulu. Izinto, abantu, izakhiwo okanye izitho zenu zingabonakala zinciphisa okanye zandise, njengemiphumo yesiphuzo, ikhekhe kunye nama-mushroom apho uCarmroll's heroine ihlola kwisicatshulwa sakhe sekhulu leshumi elinesithoba.
- I-Hypnagogic ( hypnos : ukulala kunye ne- agogos : ukunciphisa) kunye ne-hypnopompic ( ipompe : ukuthumela kude) i-hallucinations ingenzeka ngexesha lokulala okanye ukuvusa, ngokulandelanayo. Zingabonwa okanye zihlolwe kwaye ziqhelekile. Ziyakwazi ukudibaniswa nokuphazamiseka kokulala ezifana neengxaki zokuhamba.
- Ukuqukulwa kungabangela iindibano ezahlukeneyo (kubandakanyeka ngokucacileyo kunye nokunyaniseka) kuxhomekeka kwindawo yazo kwingqondo. Zihlala zifutshane kwaye zilandelwa ukulahleka kwengqondo evela kwinqanaba elongezelelweyo. Xa zixhamla, zibiza iphunga elimnandi, edlalwa njengelubhiya elivuthayo.
Imiphumo emibi yezidakamizwa
Izidakamizwa zeHallucinogenic, kubandakanywa neLSD (i-lysergic acid diethylamide) kunye ne-PCP (phencyclidine), sebenzisa kwi-chemical receptor engqondweni ukuze kutshintshwe ingcamango eguqulelwe kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-hallucinations e-frank. Ukongezelela, ezininzi iziyobisi ezitholakalayo kwimarike zineempembelelo ezibandakanya ukulungiswa. Ezi ziyobisi zingathintela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kwingqondo, kubandakanywa nokulawulwa kwe-serotonin, i-dopamine okanye i-acetylcholine (ezo zintathu zazo ziyimichiza ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yengqondo evamile). Ngokomzekelo, iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha isifo sika-Parkinson zenzelwe ukukhulisa inethiwekhi ye-dopaminergic, ebeka umngcipheko we-hallucinations. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba imichiza yokuphatha i-hallucinations isebenza ngokunciphisa umphumo we-dopamine.
Ingaba umfanekiso, isandi, okanye ilizwi liyinyani okanye lingenangqiqo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zonke ezi zintetho, esithatha njengento enyanisekileyo njengenyaniso, ziyenziwa ngokwenene ngumbono wendalo wengqondo. "Siyabona" kuphela kuba sinesistim somnatha weengqondo esekelwe ekusebenziseni iimpawu zokukhanya. Utshintshiselwano oluncinane kule mishini eselungisiweyo kunye nehlabathi lethu le "inyaniso" liya kuqubuka. Cinga nje ukuba ubuchopho bakho bujoliswe ekusebenziseni ukukhanya okubangelwa kukunuka kunye ne-vice-versa: uza kukwazi ukudweba njengamaphunga kunye nezidakamizwa njengemibala yokukhanya. Kwaye, oko ke, kuya kuba "inyaniso."
> Imithombo:
> Schadlu AP, Schadlu R Shepherd JB 3. Isifo seCharles Bonnet: ukuhlaziywa. Iingcamango zangoku kwi-Ophthalmology; 2009, 20 (3): 219-222.
> I-Teeple RC, i-Caplan JP, i-Stern TA. Iimpawu zemiSebenzi yokuHlola: Ukwahlula okuhlukeneyo kunye noTyango. UmNcedisi wokuNakekela iNkcazo kwiNcwadi ye-Clinical Psychiatry; 2009, 11 (1): 26-32.