Kutheni umntu ongeke aphendule kuwe kwisibhedlele
Umgangatho womntu woqaphela ngumlinganiselo wendlela oqaphileyo kwaye uyazi ukuba ziyiyo. Ubunono bububanzi kunye nemimandla emininzi kwaye lunokuqala ukusuka kwi- coma ukuya kwindawo evukekileyo kunye nokuphaphazela, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hypervigilance, njengoko ibonwe kwimania okanye i-amphetamine.
Iindlela zokuchazela ubulumko
Ngenxa yokuba amaqondo oguqulwayo angabandakanywa neziphumo ezimbi, ezinye iingcali ziye zacetyiswa ukuba umgangatho wesigulane unokuthathwa njengesinye isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo, njengezinga lentliziyo kunye nobushushu bomzimba.
Oogqirha baneendlela ezininzi zokuchaza amanqanaba okuqonda kunye nendlela esatshintshile ngayo kwisigulane.
Indlela endala yokuchaza ingqalelo yayikusebenzisa imigaqo efana "nokuqonda, ukuphazamiseka, ukunyuka," kunye "ne-coma," nganye ibonisa imeko eqhubekayo ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, le migaqo iye yalahlwa yinto engacacanga okanye echazayo ngokwaneleyo kwaye ingafani.
Indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke yokuchaza ingqalelo ngoku i-Glasgow coma scale (GCS), elinezinga lomntu lokuqonda kwinqanaba ukusuka kwinye ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu, kunye nenani elikhulu elimele ukuphaphama okukhulu. I-GCS ayigqibekanga. Ezinye izikali zicetywayo, kodwa oogqirha bajwayelene neGCS kugcina le nto isetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ithini iComa?
Ukuguqulwa kweyona nto eyaziwa kakuhle yinto ebonisa ukuba umntu akakwazi ukuvuswa kwaye amehlo abo avaliwe. Kukho izimbangela ezininzi ze-coma, ngee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zobunzima.
Ngokomzekelo, i-coma inokubangelwa ngamabango ngamachiza anikezelwe phambi kokuhlinzwa, okanye kunokubangelwa yi-stroke enzima. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-coma ingathatyathwa yindawo eqhubekayo yokutyalwa okanye ukufa kwengqondo. Amanye amaxesha, umntu angasuka e-coma.
Ukongezelela kwi-coma, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokungazi kakuhle komntu:
Delirium
Esinye seziphazamiso eziqhelekileyo zengqondo kwizibhedlele yiyona nto idibeneyo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- delirium . Olunye uqikelelo kukuba malunga nama-50 ekhulwini labantu abasetyenziswe esibhedlele bafumana le meko kwinqanaba elithile. Kwimeko edidekileyo yokudideka, ukuqonda kuyaguquka ukwenzela ukuba umntu abonakale enomzuzwana omnye kunye nemizuzu embalwa kamva angabonakala engumntu ohluke ngokupheleleyo. Basenokungazi apho bahlala khona, bangazi ixesha okanye usuku, kwaye abanakukwazi ukubona ubuso obuqhelekileyo kwicala lokulala.
I-hallucinations ayiqhelekanga. Enyanisweni, abantu abasemgangathweni odidekileyo banokuhlakulela ukukhohlisa, besaba ukuba abasebenzi basebhedlele okanye intsapho baya kubalimaza. Ngamanye amaxesha adidekile izigulane ziya kutsala imigca ehlinzeka ngamachiza kwaye ingazama nokuba iphume ebhedini ize iphunyuke esibhedlele.
Iimeko ezidibeneyo zokudideka zidla ngokubangela iingxaki ezichaphazela umzimba wonke, njengama-toxins, imithi, izifo, iintlungu, nokunye. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba, nangona kungathatha ixesha elithile, ezi zinto zihlala zizisombulula ngokwabo emva kokuba ingxaki yonyango ilungiswe.
Hypersomnia
Abanye abantu balele kakhulu. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeliphi inani leengxaki, kubandakanywa nezifo ze-neurological ezifana ne- narcolepsy kunye ne-idiopathic hypersomnia.
Isiphumo kukuba umntu uya kulala xa ephapheke kwaye alele kwiindawo ezininzi zomhla. Nangona abantu be-coma bangase babonakale belele, ubuthongo boqobo ngokwenene buhluke. Umzekelo, xa ulala, unako ukujika okanye ukuhambisa ingalo yakho. Izigulane zokuxhatshaza azikwazi ukwenza oku.
Akinetic Mutism
Izilonda ezinjenge-stroke kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho, kubandakanywa ne-cingulate gyrus yangaphambili, kubangela umntu obonakala ephaphile kodwa engayiqondi into eyenzekayo ejikelezileyo kwaye engahambi ngokukhawuleza. Amanqanaba aphezulu ekudandelekeni komqondo kubangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa kweengqondo.
Abulia
U-Abulia luhlobo oluthile lokungabikho kokukhuthaza abantu ngenxa yokulimala kwiindlela ezijongene nokukhuthaza.
Lo monakalo unokukhawuleza, njengoko kwimeko yokubetha, okanye ukuphucula nokuhamba phambili, njengesi sifo esiphezulu se-Alzheimer's disease. Isiphumo ngumntu ongafuniyo kwaye akakwazi, yenza into eninzi. Iqondo le-abulia lingahluka, kodwa kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo umntu akayi kuhamba, athethe okanye aze adle okanye aphuze, ngaloo ndlela afana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-akinetic. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, umntu onobungozi angaxakanyiswa ukuba alandele imiyalelo elula, nangona abayi kuyenza ngaphandle kokukhuthaza.
Catatonia
I-Catatonia yintlupheko yengqondo apho umntu ebonakala engaphenduliyo kodwa unesimo esithile sesigqirha segazi. Abantu abane-catatonia bangabonisa ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, okufana ne-catalepsy, egcina izikhundla ezibonakala zingenakulungeleka ixesha elide. Kananjalo banokubonisa ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unokubeka isigxina sesiguli. Kwakhona, abantu abane-catatonia banokuphinda baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphumelele, nangona i- electroencephalograph (EEG) eqhelekileyo. I-Catatonia inokubangelwa zizifo zengqondo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder okanye i-schizophrenia.
I-Lock-In Syndrome
Ngokwenene, i-syndrome engenanto ayiyikuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nangona iyakulinganisa enye. Enyanisweni, yile nto eyenza le ngxaki ibangelise. Umntu ovalelwe kuyo akakwazi ukuhamba okanye ukuthetha kunye nehlabathi langaphandle kodwa uhlala ephapheme kwaye ephapheme. Ngokomzekelo, i-stroke kwi-brainstem ingabangela phantse umzimba wonke ukukhubazeka kwaye inokubangela ukuba isigulane sibonakale sidibanisa. Ngokuxhomekeka kweso sizathu, umntu unokukwazi ukuthetha kunye nokunyuka kwamehlo. Nangona kunokuba kunzima, yonke inzame kufuneka yenziwe ukuhlukanisa isigulane okanye isigulane sityalo esisuka kumntu ovalelwe kuyo.
Ukugqibela kokucinga
Ingaba isigulane senza njani nangayiphi na le miqathango incike kwiimeko ezininzi, kungekhona ubuncinane bokuba sisifo esilungileyo. Iingcali ze-neurologists kufuneka zinyamekele ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo le miqathango, njengoko nganye ibangelwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaye iyakwazi ukuphendula kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
Imithombo:
UJerome B. Posner noFred Plum. I-plum kunye ne-Posner's Diagnosis ye-Stupor neComa. ENew York: i-Oxford University Press, ngo-2007.
I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002.
INKCAZELO: Ulwazi olukule ndawo lusezinjongo zemfundo kuphela. Akufanele isetyenziswe njengendawo yokunyamekelwa ngumntu ogqirha. Nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ukuze ufumane unyango kunye nonyango malunga nayiphi na impawu okanye imeko yonyango .