Ukuhlolwa kwe-tomography (CT) yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswe ukuthatha imifanekiso yengqondo. Nangona imifanekiso ayifumanekanga njengesisombululo esiphezulu njenge-MRI scan, izicwangciso ze-CT zikhetho ezinokukhawuleza kunye nezindleko ezincinci xa zifumanisa iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana negazi okanye i-fractures ngaphakathi kweckull.
Neuroradiology yokuqala
Ukuqonda indlela i-CT yokusebenza ngayo, kubalulekile ukujonga emva kwimbali.
Ekuqaleni, indlela yodwa yokuthatha umfanekiso wento eyayingaphakathi kwentloko yomntu yayikusebenzisa i-X-ray. I-ray-ray iyimisipha yomswakaliso owanamathela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu. Ngokomzekelo, umoya awufumani nayiphi na i-x-ray, kanti i-bone ithabatha ininzi. Ngokubeka ifilimu ehambelana nomthombo we-x-ray, sinokufumana ingqiqo yeenombolo ze-X-ray eziye zangenisa into (kwimeko yethu, intloko), kwaye ulisebenzise loo nkcazelo ukuba ifake into ethile malunga nobuhlobo uphando luphandwa.
Umzekelo, kuba ii-X-rays azidluli kwi-bone dense, zimbalwa kakhulu ii-X-rays ziya kutshitshisa ifilimu ukuba ithambo liphakathi komthombo we -X kunye nefilimu. Kule meko, ifilimu iya kuhlala isemhlophe ngokubunjwa kwegazi.
Indlela i-CT Scan Works ngayo
I-computerized tomography yasungulwa kwi-X-ray ubuchwepheshe, kwaye imigaqo emininzi iyafana. Kwi-CT, kunokuba nje uthathe ibhola elilodwa lesigulane, i-X-ray ibhagi iyajikelezwa entloko kwiimilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo.
Ulwazi lwe-X-ray luqulunqwa yikhompyutha ukwenza uluhlu lweemifanekiso ezibukeka ngathi ubuchopho buye bunqunyulwa ngolu hlobo lwesonka. Iingqali ziqala phezulu kwengqondo kwaye zisebenza phantsi kwisiseko sekhayi, ezibonisa izakhiwo ezifana nezicubu ezithambileyo, i-liquid, ithambo kunye nomoya.
Njenga-X-ray yendabuko, izakhiwo ezinobukhulu zibonakala zikhanyisa ngombala kwi-CT scan kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperdensity. Imimandla emnyama, ngokuchaseneyo, kuthiwa yi-hypodensities. Ngokomzekelo, ithambo ibonakala limhlophe kwi-CT scan, kwaye i- cerebrospinal fluid ibonakala imnyama. Ingqondo ibonakala kwimithunzi yegrey.
Iimeko ezingabonakaliyo zibonakala njani kwi-CT Scan
I-CT scan ingakufumanisa iingxaki ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo kwikhanda.
- Iimvavanyo ze-CT zempembelelo zixhamla ngakumbi ekufumaneni igazi apho kungenalo. I- hemorrhage entsha inamathele ngokukhawuleza, iya kuba yinyameko kwaye ikhanya ngokukhazimulayo kwi-CT scans. Ekugqibeleni, i-clot idilizwe ngumzimba, ibe yinyani efanayo nengqondo emva kweveki enye, ize ibonakale imnyama emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kweyesithathu.
- I-Iskemic Stroke Ngokungafani ne-hemorrhage, imivimbo ye-ischemic, ayifumaneki ngokukhawuleza kwi-CT scan. Emva kweeyure ezintathu, iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo ziyakwazi ukufundwa ngabafundi abanezakhono ze-CT, kwaye emva kweeyure ezingama-6 ukuya kwe-12, i-hypodity ecacileyo ibonakala kwimeko yesifo. Olu buninzi luya kuba lube lunzima kunye nexesha njengoko izicubu zengqondo zibuye zitshintshwe kwaye zitshintshwe yi- cerebrospinal fluid .
- Izibilini zibonakala ngokungafaniyo kwi-CT scan kuye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesisu kunye nendlela umhlaza osemgangathweni uye waba ngayo. Ezinye izicubu zinomlinganiselo wokubala ovuthayo, kwaye abanye bakha i-hypodense, i-cysts egcwele amanzi. Idayi ehlukileyo yokungafani nayo inokuba luncedo ekufumaneni iiswini kwi-CT scan.
- I-abscesses I- abscess yintsholongwane yokuba i-immune system ihlanganiswe njengendlela yokuyibeka kuyo yonke into emzimbeni. Ama-abscesses aqhelekileyo avele ejikelezayo, kwaye ngokuthe kancinane, umda we-sphere ungabonakala ukhanya.
- Impembelelo yeMisa Xa uxinzelelo lwakhiwa emva kwengxenye yengqondo, lunokunyusa kwaye luxineze izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo, ukuphazamisa ubuchopho bomzimba obuqhelekileyo. Kwi-CT scan, le mpembelelo eninzi ingabonwa njenge-asymmetry yezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ezinjenge-ventricle okanye i-sulci.
Izicelo ezininzi ze-neurological ze-CT Scans
Iimvavanyo ze-CT zinokudibaniswa neendlela ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba uphonononge ngakumbi iinkalo ezithile zesimiso senzwa.
Umzekelo, ukuze ufumane umfanekiso ongcono weemitha zegazi kwingqondo, i- CT angiogram ingenziwa. Kule sifundo, ukuhlukana kujojowe kwimibhobho ukwenzela ukugqamisa iinqanawa zobuchopho. Oku kuncedo ekufumaneni i- aneurysms kunye nezinye iimeko ezingasebenzi.
I-myelogram ye-CT ingasetyenziselwa ukuphanda indawo ye-cerebrospinal fluid emthonjeni. Ukwenza oku, idayi eyahlukileyo edibeneyo ifakwe kwisithuba ngokugqitywa kwe-lumbar. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekujongeni ingcambu yomgca okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo yomthambo.
Uphando lwe-CT kuphinda lubandakanya ukuxhatshazwa kwe-injecting into arteries, kodwa ngeli xesha, ulandelelwano lulandelwa ngexesha langempela njengoko lihamba ngeengcambu zengqondo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha ukuphanda umsebenzi weempahla zegazi ngaphambi kokunyangwa kwe-endovascular of stroke.
Ukwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-CT i-scans ingabaluleka ekuphenyweni kwezifo ze-neurological, ingakumbi kwiimeko eziphuthumayo.
Imithombo:
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002.
URobert I. Grossman noDavid M. Yousem. I-Neuroradiology: Iimfuno ze-2 ezifunekayo. USt. Louis, MO: UMosby; 2003.