Ngaba ama-Neurologists bacinga njani ngobuthathaka?
Xa umntu ebuthakathaka, ama-neurologists azama ukuqonda ngokuthe ngqo apho umthombo wobuthathaka ubuxoki. Wonke amanye amanyathelo ekunqumeni imbangela yobuthathaka alandela eli nyathelo elibalulekileyo. Ukufumana ngokuchanekileyo umthombo wengxaki inokuba ngumngeni kwaye kufuna idinga lobuchule, kodwa ngokusebenzisa izikhokelo ezisisiseko, ukubuza imibuzo efanelekileyo nokwenza uviwo olunzulu, i-neurologist inokuthi ikwazi ukufumana indawo yobuthathaka.
Ezi zikhokelo zilandelayo ziluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweziphi i-neurologists eziqeqeshwe ukuba zenze xa zivavanya umntu obuthathaka. Nangona ezi zinokukunceda uqonde oko ugqirha uzama ukukwenza ngokukubuza imibuzo kwaye wenze uvavanyo, eli nqaku alikho nto ekujoliswe kuyo ukuthatha indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlolwa kwegazi! Ubuthathaka bunokuba yinkxalabo enkulu, ingakumbi ukuba isasazeka ukubandakanya izihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekuphefumla. Nangona ezinye iingxaki ze-neurological like numb numbness can often be benign, ukunyaniseka okungaxeliweyo okwenene kufuneka kuhlale kuphandwa ngumgqirha ofanelekileyo.
Xa kuxoxwa ngobuthathaka kunye neurologist, kubalulekile ukwazi kakuhle oko kuthetha ukuthini igama elithi "buthathaka." Abanye abantu basebenzisa igama elithi "buthathaka" ukuthetha "ukukhathala" okanye "ukukhathala," kodwa nangona xa umntu ekhathele kwaye uzama nzima njengoko akwazi ukuphakamisa into, usenako ukwenza njalo. Ubuthakathaka obuninzi obuchaphazelekayo ngeengxaki ze-neurologist xa umzimba ungasakwazi ukuphakamisa okanye ukuxhathisa into ebenokuyenza, umzekelo ukuba i-gallon yobisi ngokukhawuleza ibonakala ilinganisa iipounds ezingama-50.
Oku kubaluleka kubalulekile, kuba nangona nantoni na ukugula, kubandakanywa kubanda kakhulu, kunokukwenza umntu azive ephelelwe amandla, ukukhathazeka okumbalwa kwenza umntu abe buthathaka ngokwenyama-kwaye ezininzi zeengxaki zikwazi ukuzisongela ubomi.
Indlela Ubunzima Ubuthetha Ngamathambo Kumvumelwano
Ukuhamba ngamandla ngamandla kuxhomekeke kwisiganeko sombane esivela ebusweni beengqondo phantsi komgca wesipelini, apho iimbilini zixubusha (synapse) ekuphambeni kwangaphambili kwintambo kunye neentsimbi zomnxeba oya kushiya umlenze aze ahambe kwi-muscle .
Kukho iimbilini zidibanisa kwakhona kwi-knunction ye-neuromuscular, ukuthumela i-neurotransmitter acetylcholine ukuxela umsila ukuya kwisivumelwano. I-calcium idlulela kwiindlela ezikhethekileyo ze-ion, kwaye i-spind spindle iyanciphisa, okubangelwa ukuhamba kweso sihlunu esithile. Izibonakaliso ezilula ze-neural zihambisa ulwazi malunga naloo mbambano ukuya kumgca wesigodlo ukukhusela isisipha esichaphazelekayo ukususela ngexesha elifanayo, ukwenzela ukwandisa amandla okuhamba. Umzekelo, ukuba i-bicep izama ukuchukumisa ingalo kwi-elbow, bekuya kuba yinto engathandekiyo xa i-tricep izama ukulungisa ingalo ngexesha elifanayo-ngokuqhelekileyo i-neural loop isalathisa ukuphumla ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-bicep.
Iimbilini ezisemlanjeni zihlala ziphantsi kwesinye isantya sokungabikho kwesimo esivela kwingqondo, ukugcina izihlunu zikhululekile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba umqondiso phakathi kweengqondo kunye neengcingo zepheripher iyanqunyulwa, emva kwexesha kunokunyuswa ukuqina kunye neengcamango ezinzulu kwisigungu esithintekayo. Ezi ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-motor motor neuron. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukufumana okuphantsi kwe-neuron iziphumo ziquka ukungafihli kunye ne- fasiculations . Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukulimala kanzima okanye ukubetha, ukufunyanwa kwee-motor neuron ezingenakwenzeka kungekho ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ugqirha unokusenokukrokraza umonakalo kwengqondo okanye umgogodla.
Ngamafutshane, isinyathelo sokuqala ekuqaliseni ukuba kutheni umntu obuthathaka kukuthelekisa ukufumana okuphezulu kunye nezantsi kwe-neuron, kunye nokuchonga ukuba ingxaki inesistim kwinkqubo yesistim okanye inqubo yesantya (central brain).
Ukufumanisa iLesion kwiNkqubo yeNervent Central
Ukuba kukho iziphumo eziphambili zeemoto ze-neuron ezifunyenweyo kwiimviwo ze-neurological, oogqirha banokufuna ukuqhubela phambili uphando ngeengqondo kunye nomtya womgogodla, njengokukhangela ezinye iimpawu kunokukhawulela ngakumbi indawo ekhoyo yengxaki. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu unxweme ngaphantsi kwinqanaba elithile entanyeni, oku kubonisa ukuba baneengxaki ngentambo yomlomo wesibeletho.
Ukuba baneengxaki ezibandakanya ubuso (ngokukodwa ukuba kungowesiqingatha esingaphantsi kobuso), ingxaki inokuba yinkqubo yengqondo okanye ingqondo ngokwayo. Ngenxa ye-quirk ekwakhekeni kwenkqubo ye-nervous, iifayili ze-motor ziwela ngaphantsi kwe-brainstem. Ngoko ukuba umlenze ongakwesokudla unobuthakathaka, kunokuba yingxaki kwicala lokunene lomgcini womgudu okanye kwicala lasekhohlo lobuchopho.
Ukufumanisa ingxaki kwiNkqubo yeNerving System
Ubuthathaka ngenxa yengxaki kwinkqubo ye-nervous system ingakhokelela kwiingxaki zentsholongwane yomhlaba, i-neuromuscular junction, okanye imisipha.
Iimbilini ze-peripheral zingonakaliswe ngosulelo, izifo zesifo, kunye nokuxhaphazwa kwimihlathi emancinci njenge- foramina , apho iphuma khona emthonjeni. Mhlawumbi imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i- radiculopathies , i-tennis elbow okanye i-carpal tunnel syndrome. Ama-syndromes achaphazela i- motor neurons ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba i-numbness are rare, kodwa ingaquka iindlela ezithile ze- Guillain-Barré syndrome , i- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis kunye ne-multifocal motor neuropathy.
Ikhonkco le-neuromuscular inokuchaphazeleka ngetekisi okanye izifo ezizimeleyo ezikhusela ukusayinwa okuqhelekileyo ngumgcini we-neurotransmitter. Ngokomzekelo, i-toxin ye-botulin ivimbela ukukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter kwi-terminal nererve. Kwi- myasthenia gravis , i-molecule ye-receptor kwiisisipha ze-muscle zihlaselwa ngumzimba womzimba, ngoko ke ayikwazi ukubopha i-neurotransmitter acetylcholine emva kokuba ikhishwe.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki ze-muscular (myopathies) ezinokubangela ubuthathaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubuthathaka buchaphazela emacaleni omzimba ngokulinganayo, njengokuba kunjalo kwipolymyositis, kodwa kwezinye iimeko le nto ayinjalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukufakwa komzimba we-myositis yimbangela eqhelekileyo yobuthakathaka obubuthakathaka obuqhelekileyo.
Olunye ulwazi olusetyenziswa ngama-neurologists
Ukongezelela ekufumaneni i-lesion, i-neurologists isebenzisa ulwazi malunga nenkqubo yobuthathaka, kwaye yenziwa njani, ukuze ichane isizathu. U-stroke, umzekelo, uhamba ngokukhawuleza, kanti i-myopathy ingathatha inyanga ukuphuhlisa. Umzekelo wokusasazeka kubalulekile: U-Guillain-Barre syndrome, umzekelo, uqala kwiinyawo kwaye usasazeka phezulu, kanti i-toxicin botulinum ibangela ubuthakathaka obuhla ephakamileyo emzimbeni.
Inani leengxaki zonyango ezenza ubuthathaka bukhulu kakhulu. Ukuqaphela indawo yenkxalabo, kunye neprothem ehambelana nobuthathaka, kunokunceda oogqirha bahlele uluhlu olude lweengxaki zokufumana i-culprit yangempela. Khumbula ukuba ubuthathaka obungachazwanga kufuneka buhlale luphandwa ngumqeqeshi ogqirha.
Imithombo:
I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002
I-Ropper AH, i-Samuels MA. I-Adams kunye neMigaqo yeVictor ye-Neurology, 9th: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.