Ubungqina, ukubetha kunye nobuthathaka yizona zizathu eziqhelekileyo ukuba abantu batyelele i-neurologist. Isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo sinokugqiba isigqibo sokuba ngaba ingxaki yinkqubo yesantya (central brain). Ukuba akunjalo, ingxaki inokuhlala kunye neentsholongwane eziya emzimbeni.
Inkqubo ye-nervous system iquka zonke iimbilini ezigeleza phakathi kwentambo yomthambo kunye nezihlunu, izitho kunye nolusu.
Ukuqonda ngokucacileyo inkqubo ye-nervous system kuthiwa yenye yezinto ezikhethekileyo phakathi kweeurologists kunye nabanye ogqirha.
IiNtsholongwane zeNzululwazi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zesigulane, ngasinye sihambisa ulwazi oluthile oluhlukileyo kwingqondo kunye neenkqubo ezimbi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-axons. Ukongezelela, ezinye zeexons zihlanganiswe kwisitye sokukhusela esibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin, esinokukhawuleza ukutshintshwa kombane kwemilayezo kunye ne-axon. Ngokomzekelo, i-motor neurons inamakhulu amakhulu, i-axon i-myelinated i-axon ephuma kwintambo yomgogodla eya kwimisipha eyahlukeneyo ukuze ilawule ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo.
I-neurons ezinomdla ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ii-axon ezinkulu ezinkulu zithwala ulwazi malunga nokuguqulwa, ukuchukumisa ukukhanya, kunye nomzimba wethu kwisithuba (ukufumana izinto). Iimbilini ze-myelinated zithumela ulwazi malunga nobuhlungu obukhulu kunye nokushisa okupholileyo. Iimpawu ezincinci kakhulu ezingenakunqunyulwayo zithumela imiyalezo malunga nentlungu evuthayo, uvakalelo lokushisa, okanye ukubetha.
Ukongeza kwii-axon ze-motor and sensory, inkqubo ye-nerve ye-périphher iquka i-autonomic fibers fibers. Inkqubo ye-neon autonomic ixanduva lokulawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yemihla ngemihla enokubekwa ngokubonga ngaphaya kokulawula kwethu, njengengcinezelo yegazi, izinga lentliziyo kunye nokuphefumula.
Zonke iifayili ze-axonal ezahlukeneyo zihamba kunye njengemingxowa yocingo kwi-cable. Le "kabha" inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibonakale ngaphandle kwe-microscope kwaye yinto ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi.
Umbutho weNkqubo yeNerving System
Ngaphandle kweentsimbi ze-cranial, i-peripheral nerves ihamba yonke ihamba kwaye isuka kumgca wesipelini. Iimbilini ezinomdla zingena emgodleni ngaphaya komqolo wentongo, kwaye iifayili zihamba ziphuma phambi kwetambo. Kungekudala emva koko, zonke iifayili zidibanisa ukwakha ingcambu yomgca. Le ntsho iya kuhamba ngomzimba, ithumele amagatsha kwindawo ezifanelekileyo.
Kwiindawo ezininzi, ezinjengentamo, ingalo, nomlenze, iingcambu zentliziyo zidibanisa kunye, zidibanisa, zithumele amagatsha amatsha. Oku kudibanisa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-plexus, into enjenge-interchange eyinkimbinkimbi kwindlela yokuhamba, kwaye ekugqibeleni ivumela iimpawu ezisuka kumthombo omnye (umz. I-axons ephuma kumgca womgogodla kwizinga le-C6) ukugqiba ukuhamba kunye neefayili ukusuka kwinqanaba lomgca we-spinal ( umz. C8) ukuya kwindawo enye (umz. i-muscle efana ne- latissimus dorsi ). Ukulimala kwi-plexus enjalo kunokuba neziphumo ezinzima ezingadibanisa umntu ngaphandle kokwazi loo plexus.
Iingcali Zeeurologists Zisebenzisa I-Peripheral yeNervous System I-Anatomy?
Xa isigulane sibhekene nesigxina kunye / okanye ubuthathaka, ngumsebenzi we-neurologist ukufumana umthombo wengxaki.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, inxalenye yomzimba evakalelwa yintlupheko okanye eyinkqantosi ayiyiyo inene necala elibangela loo mpawu.
Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba umntu ngokukhawuleza ufumanisa ukuba unyawo lwakhe luqhubeka luhudula emhlabathini xa ehamba. Isizathu sobuthathaka bonyawo lomntu mhlawumbi asikho enyaweni, kodwa endaweni yoko ngenxa yomonakalo womnquba kwenye indawo emzimbeni.
Ngokuthetha nesigulane kunye nokuhlola ngokucophelela, i-neurologist ingakwazi ukumisela umthombo wobuthathaka. Ugqirha uya kuqonda ukuba izihlunu zinoxanduva lokugcina unyawo emhlabathini xa uhamba ziquka i-extensor digitorum longus, efumana ukugcinwa kokungabikho kwi-nerone.
Xa abantu behlala ngamadolo elinye phezu komnye, le ntsho ingakwazi ukunyanzeliswa, kubangela ubuthathaka obunzima kunye nokunyuka kweenyawo.
Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwangokwenyama kuveza ukuba isiguli asikwazi ukuma kwi-tiptoe kuloo nyanga, i-neurologist ayiyi kuphinda ikrokre i-peroneal nererve. Imisipha ebonisa ukuba unyawo lugqitywa yi-nerve ye-tibial yangaphambili, eyenziwa ngamasebe phambi kwe-peroneal efanayo.
Zomibini izibilini zangasese eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo zithwala imicu eyithunyelwa ngokusuka kwintambo yomgudu kumgangatho we-L5. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingxaki ayiyikunyanzeliswa emadolweni, kodwa kunoko kufutshane nendawo apho amaninzi ashiya umgca womgcini. Esona sizathu sinjenge- radiumpathy lumbar, eimeko ezimbi kakhulu kunokufuna ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa.
Umzekelo owanikiweyo unikezele ukubonisa indlela ulwazi lwenkqubo yesifo senzululwazi, oludibene nokuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwimizimba kunye nokuphulaphula isigulane, kunokukwenza umahluko phakathi kokuxelela isigulane ukuba ayeke ukuwela imilenze yakhe, okanye umxelele ukuba unokufuna ukuhlinzwa. Imizekelo efanayo iya kunikwa malunga nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, bonke abafundi bezonyango, kungekhona nje ngeeurologists, bafundiswa ukubaluleka kwenkqubo ye-nervous system.
Imithombo:
I-ARport i-AR, i-Sander HW, iNdlela yeCliniki kwi-Peripheral Neuropathy: i-Anatomic Localization kunye novavanyo lwe-Diagnostic Testing. Continuum; Umqulu 18, uNgo-1, Februwari 2012
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002