Ukuqonda i-Spinal Cord kunye nezifo ezifana ne-ALS
Intambo yomthambo wenziwe ngombala obomvu kunye nomhlophe. Ukuba unokuwunqumla umgca wecandelo, uza kubona into ebomvu ngesimo sebhabhathane elijikelezwe ngombala omhlophe. Umba ompunga wenziwe kakhulu nge-neurons (iiseliti ezikhethekileyo zesigxina ezithumela imiyalezo kwezinye iiseliti zesisipha) kunye neeseli zesigidi (ezijikeleza kwaye zifakela iiseli ze-neuron).
Imba eluhlaza imenza intloko yomthambo womgca kwaye iqukethe izinto ezine ezibizwa ngokuthi "iimpondo." Uphondo luyahlukana ngokubanzi ngamacandelo (okanye iikholomu) kunye nophondo lwentsimbi olusempileni oluya ngasemva, izimpondo ezixhasayo zibekwe kwicala, kwaye uphondo lwangaphambili lubekwe phambili.
Uphondo oluphambene nomtya womgudu (owaziwa nangokuthi i-corner anterior) luqukethe imizimba yamaseli e-motor neurons ezichaphazela izihlunu zamathambo.
Ukuqonda i-Motor Neurons
Xa uhamba, ubuchopho buya kuthumela umyalezo kwiiseli zomgca womgogodla. Ezi iiseli zibuyisela umyalezo kwisistim se-nervous system , inxalenye yesimiso se-nerve esingaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomthambo womgudu.
Ukunyakaza kwe-muscle ye-squelette yinto eminye yemisebenzi elawulwa yinkqubo ye-nervous system. Iiseli zesisongelo ezijongene nokubuyisela le miyalezo zibizwa ngokuba ngama-motor neurons.
Iimbilini ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nomgudu zibizwa ngokuba yi-motor neurons eziphezulu, kwaye ezo zihambisa imiyalezo evela emthonjeni ukuya kwiimisipha zibizwa ngokuba ngama-motor neurons aphantsi.
Ukuqonda izifo ze-Motor Neuron
Izifo ezihlasela ngokuthe ngqo izi-neuron zibizwa ngokuba zizifo ze-neuron . Njengoko igama libonisa, izifo ze-neuron zinciphisa amandla omntu wokuhambisa. Umzekelo owaziwa kakhulu wolu ngxaki ye- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) . Ezinye ziquka i-polio kunye nesifo sikaKennedy .
Iingcali ze-neurologists ziza kusebenzisa uvavanyo lomzimba ukuchonga apho kwimeko yesifo esi sifo. Iimpawu zezifo ziyakwazi ukuhluka kakhulu. Umzekelo:
- Izifo ezichaphazela i-motor neurons eziphezulu ziza kubonisa ukugqithisa okanye ukusabalalisa (ukuphambana kwesisu okuqhubekayo okuchaphazela ukunyakaza okuqhelekileyo).
- Izifo ezichaphazela i-motor neurons ezantsi zibonakaliswe ngakumbi nge-muscular atrophy (ukutshabalalisa) kunye ne- fasciculations (imfutshane, imivalo yezinto ezixubileyo).
- Kwezinye iifom zezifo ze-neuron, ezifana nee-ALS, imisebenzi ephezulu nephezulu ye-neuron ichaphazelekayo.
Iintlobo zeeMoto ze-Neuron
Izifo ze-neuron zezixhobo ziyinto engavamile yokulimaza ngokunyanisekileyo iinxalenye zesimiso se-nervous ezilawula ukuhamba. Isifo se-motor neuron singabonakala kunanoma yiphi iminyaka ibonakala kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-40. Ichaphazela amadoda angaphezu kwamabhinqa.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesifo se-neuron:
- I-ALS (eyaziwa kwakhona nesifo sikaLou Gehrig ) yindlela eqhelekileyo yesifo. Ichaphazela izihlunu zeengalo, imilenze, umlomo, kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumula. Nangona isizathu singaziwa kwiimeko ezininzi, malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zixhunyene ngqo ne-genetics yentsapho.
- I-PBP ye-bulbar ephambili (PBP) ibandakanya ubuchopho kwaye kubangele ukukhahlela, ukuthetha, ukutya nokugwinya. Isizathu se-PBP asiyazi kodwa sikholelwa kudibeneyo kwi-genetics.
- I-progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) yintlukwano ye-ALS ehamba ngokukhawuleza kodwa iqhubela phambili idala ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha (i-atrophy).
- I-Primary scalosis sclerosis (PLS ) ifomu engavumelekanga yesifo esiqhubela phambili. Nangona i-PLS ingabi yingozi, i-PLS inokuphazamisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kunye nomgangatho wobomi bomntu.
- I-spinal muscular atrophy (i-SMA) ifom yefayili yesifo se-neuron esichaphazela abantwana. Inxulumene nokuxhatshazwa kwemisipha, ukuphuhliswa kakubi, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla ezinzipho zokuphefumula.
> Umthombo:
> Tiryaki, E. kunye noHolli, H. "ii-ALS kunye nezinye izifo ze-Neurons Izifo." I-Continuum: Ukufunda konke kwi-Neurology. 2014 ; 20 (5): 1185-1207.