I-Rhinitis yintlupheko eqhelekileyo ehambelana nenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukukrazula
- Runny ekhaleni (i-rhinorrhea)
- Ukudibanisa (nasal)
- Ukutshiza (umlomo)
Ifom yeyona ndlela eqhelekileyo ye-rhinitis i-rhinitis ye-allergen, ehambelana nokubangela iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Abantu abangama-70% abane -rhinitis ye-allergen nabo bahamba kunye ne-conjunctivitis, okanye amehlo enamehlo aphindaphindiweyo abomvu neentlanzi.
Ifom ye-rhinitis engaqhelekanga yinto engavumelekiyo ye-rhinitis (NAR). I-rhinitis ye-Nonallergic inzima kunzima ukuyixilonga, njengoko kukuxilongwa kokukhutshwa ngaphandle kwesifo onokuvavanywa kwiofisi yegqirha. Ukuxilongwa kokungabandakanywa kuthetha ukuba ugqirha lokuhlola ezinye izizathu ezibonakalayo ze-rhinitis ngaphambi kokufika kwisigqibo se-rhinitis.
Impendulo eqhelekileyo ye-Nasal yokuzivocavoca
Kwiimeko ezininzi, njengoko izinga lentliziyo landa ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuqhuba umsebenzi, imithwalo yegazi emzimbeni wecala (vasoconstriction). Le vasoconstriction inxulumene nokukhululwa kwe-adrenaline kwaye ikhokelela ekunciphiseni ukunyanzelwa kwendlela yokuhamba yomoya. Kwiimeko ezininzi apho imilambo yegazi ihlanjululwa, ibangela ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi, ukunyanzelisa umzimba kunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
Unokubangela njani impumlo yam ekhaleni?
Ukuzivocavoca kunokubangela impumlo yakho ye-runny ngeendlela ezimbini. Indlela yokuqala iqondwa kakuhle.
Phantse i-15% yabagijimi abanamava aphilileyo aphupha impumlo ngenxa yokunyusa ukukhanya kwabo kwiimpawu ezivakalayo. Ukunyuswa okunyukayo kubangelwa ukwandisa umlinganiselo womoya otshintshana ngelixa uphefumula ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza (ngexesha lokuzivocavoca).
Nangona kunjalo, omnye umzekelo we-rhinitis obangelwa ngumzimba ongenakucaciswa kangako yimbangela engeyiyo yonke into.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibhekwa njengegalelo ze-nonnygengenic runny noses kubantu abadala abangahambelani neentlungu. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazelayo zibandakanya izibilini, imvakalelo, okanye i-vasomotor.
I-rhinitis eyenziwa yi-irritant efana nabadlali abafumana ama-rhinitis aqhutywe ngethambo-nxu lumene nokunyuka kwimiba yokusebenza okanye yokusingqongileyo okucaphukisa izibilini kodwa kungabangela ukuba i-allergies. Ngalesi sihlandlo, izikhalazo ngokwabo zivuselela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okanye impumlo. Ukunciphisa ukugqithiswa kwezibilini kunokunceda ukuxazulula i-rhinitis engapheliyo.
I-rhinitis eyenziwa ngumzwelo ayiyiyona ndlela eyenziwa yindlela yokusebenzisa umzimba ye-rhinitis, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kudideka. Ubundlobongela buchaneke ngokufanelekileyo njengoko kubangela impumlo ye-runny kunye ne-sneezing. Oku kunjalo, akunjalo ngexesha lesenzo sesini, kodwa kunokuba kwenzeke ngengcamango yokulala ngesini okanye emva kwemizuzu emi-5 emva kokulala ngesondo. Le nto iyaziwa nangokuthi i-honeymoon rhinitis.
I-Vasomotor rhinitis yinto yokubamba-yonke inxalenye ye-rhinitis engeyona ingqungquthela kwaye isifo esasetyenziswayo xa zonke ezinye iirhinitis ziphelile. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile kunabantwana.
Unyango
Amanyathelo okuqala kwanoma yiphina imithi yonyango ye-rhinitis engafunekiyo kufuneka ibandakanye ukukhuselwa kwanoma yiyiphi into eyaziwayo enegalelo.
Ukuqhutyelwa kokuqhubeka, ngaphandle kokungabonakali kwezinto ezivakalayo okanye izinto ezivuthayo, kunganciphisa iziganeko zempumlo ephuthumayo ngenxa yempendulo yendalo yomzimba kwi-adrenaline. Udokotela angaphinda afune unyango lwamayeza kuquka amachiza angenako ukuguqulwa ngokuphepha okanye ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila.
Amachiza athile avela kumaqela amathathu. I-Anticholinergics efana ne-ipratropium bromide yipilisi ye-headical ineprofayile esebenzayo. I-Nasal steroid iqhuma njengeFlonase okanye i-Nasocort yinto eqhelekileyo yokuphalaza emiswini eye yaboniswa ukuba isebenze ekuphatheni ukuxinaniswa kwesisu kunye ne-rhinorrhea (impumlo ye-runny).
Iqela lokugqibela lamachiza elisebenzisayo ukunyanga i-rhinitis yi-antihistamines. I-Azelastine iboniswe ukuba iphumelele kunyango lwe-rhinitis ehlobene ne-allergies kunye ne-rhinitis ye-nonallergic. Ukuba i- turbinates (i-spongy bone ngaphakathi kwempumlo) ikhulisiwe, inkqubo yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa ngokuthi ukunciphisa i-turbinate inganceda ukunciphisa iimpawu.
Imithombo:
Goldenberg, D. & Goldstein, BJ (2011). I-Handbook ye-Otolaryngology - iNtloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck. Isixeko saseNew York, i-NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
UKeles, uN. (2002). Ukunyanga i-rhinitis ye-allergen kumdlali. I-Rhinology, 40, 211-214.
Lieberman, PL (2015). I-rhinitis engapheliyo. http://www.uptodate.com
Monteseirin, J., Camacho, MJ, Bonilla, I., iSanchez-Hernandez, C., Hernandez, M. & Condie, J. (2001). 56 (4), 353-4.
Peden, D. (2014). Uhlolo oluphezulu lwe-rhinitis. http://www.uptodate.com
Wheeler, i-PW & Wheeler, i-SF (2005). IVasomotor Rhinitis. WaseMerika ugqirha. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0915/p1057.html
UWilson, KF, uMpilisi, ME & Orlandi, uRR (2011). Iintlobo zeRhinitis. Iikliniki ze-Otolaryngologic zaseNyakatho Melika. 44: 3, 459-559.