Ukuhlola i-Mirror Neurons njengendlela enokubangela ukuba uvelwano
Kutheni kufuneke ukuba imvakalelo ifuthe? Kutheni kufuneka sibone umntu ehlekayo kusenza sifune ukuhleka? Okanye ukukhala, ngenxa yoko?
Kwisihloko esibonakala singahambelani, kutheni sisemhlabeni xa sitshitshiswa xa abanye bexhamla?
I-Mirror Neurons kwiimonke
Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba iimpendulo zemibuzo efana nale ziya kufumaneka kwisifundo "se-mirror neurons." Ngama-1980 kunye nee-1990, iqela le-Italian neurophysiologist kwiYunivesithi yaseParma lalifunda umsebenzi we-neuronal ngokubeka i-electrodes ngqo kwi-cortex yeenkawu ze-macaque.
Ikhumba yayiza kufumana ukutya, kwaye i-neuron (isel cell cell) yayiza kutshisa. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba la maseli aphonswa xa inkwenkwe ibona umntu ethatha isiqwenga sokutya. Oku kwakhokelela ekuqhubeni phambili okufumanisa umsebenzi owenziwe "kwisibuko" esinjalo malunga neepesenti ezilishumi zeeuron kwimimandla ethile yeengqungquthela zangaphambili kunye neeparietal zeenkwenkwezi.
I-Mirror Neurons kubantu
Ukulinganisa umsebenzi wombane ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu wengqondo kunzima kunokuba wenze njalo kwi-macaques. Ngokufika kwe -imagination magontic resonance imaging , ukufundwa kwamanethiwekhi afanayo kwakwenzeka kubantu. Ucwaningo olusebenzayo lwe-neuroimaging luye lwabonisa ukuba kukho iindawo zokungafihli phakathi kwemimandla eyenziwa ngokubukela abanye abavakalelwa iimvakalelo okanye ukwenza izenzo ezithile, kunye neengingqi zengqondo ezisebenzayo ("ukukhanyisa") xa sifumana ezo zinto. Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye ye-lobe ye-parietal inokukhanyisa zombini xa sisuka, okanye xa sibona omnye umntu ehamba.
Ngo-2010, abaphandi bakwazi ukurekhoda ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi wombane weendawo ezikhoyo zobuninzi kubantu abaphantsi kokuhlinzwa kobuchopho. I-Mirror activity neuron yafunyanwa kwakhona, eyayixhasa ukufunyaniswa kwezifundo ze-FMRI.
Ukuphikisana
Kukho ezininzi iingcamango malunga nokubaluleka kwe-mirror neurons.
Abanye abaphandi baphikisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-mirror neuron zisinceda ukuba siqonde ngakumbi iinjongo zabanye abantu, oko kunokusinceda ukuba sichaze izenzo zabanye, kwaye kungabalulekile ukuba uvelise iimvakalelo zabanye. Abanye baye bacacisa ukuba iziphazamiso kwiisistim ze-mirror neuron zingabandakanyeka kwi- autism , nangona oko kuqukunjelwa kwesi sixhumo esicatshulwayo kuya kubonakala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaphandi abaninzi baqaphele ukuba amaninzi amabango ayenziwe nge-mirror neurons awancedi ngokwaneleyo ngesayensi kweli nqanaba. Bathetha ukuba isibuko se-neurons sinokuthi sibe iimpawu zenkqubo ye-motor stimulated partially - uhlobo lokwandiswa kweenkqubo ezininzi ze-neurological - kunye neproduct yeengcinga zemihla ngemihla, kunokuba ngumqhubi wenceba. Amaphuzu ahlukeneyo abuza umgangatho we-mirror neuron cwaningo nawo aphakanyisiwe. Incamango yokuba ukukhanya kwe-neurons kunokuncedisa ukuqonda kwezenzo kuye kunzima kakhulu. Enye yezona ngongoma eziphambili zengxabano yimbono yokuba kukho into ekhethekileyo okanye ekhethekileyo malunga ne-neurons ezibandakanya kule mirroring. Esikhundleni sokuthi "i-mirror neurons," kungenza kube nengqiqo ukuthetha amanxeba esibuko, njengokuba akukho nto malunga ne-neuron yodwa ekwazi ukufumana into enzima njengentsilelo.
I-Mirror System esikhundleni se-Mirror Neuron
Ingcamango yenethiwekhi ethintela uvelwano iye yabizwa ngokuba yi "mirror" inkqubo ye-neuron, ebonakala ibandakanya ikakhulu imimandla ebusweni kunye neparietal lobes kubantu. Olunye umsebenzi uphakamise ukuba abantu ababukele omnye umntu entlungu, ngakumbi ukuba loo mntu sele esondele kubo, nabo banomlilo we-neurons kwi-insula yangaphakathi kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ze-cortex - iingingqi zengqondo ezidibene neentlungu.
Okukwintsusa
Ngendlela, ubuchule bobuchopho obulodwa ukuxelisa omnye akuyinto entsha. Enyanisweni, kwakufuneka ukuba sifunde, ngakumbi xa sasiselula kakhulu.
Iintsana ziyakuthanda ukuxelisa abazali bazo, kwaye ukuze, zithi, zenzele ukutshitshisa phansi njengoMama, i-neurons efana neyomlilo kufuneka ihambise ezo ngalo nemilenze. Akunzima kakhulu ukucinga ukuba ubuchopho benendlela efanayo yokuxhasa ukuqonda ulwimi okanye imvakalelo. Mhlawumbi, ekugqibeleni, "ukuzibuyisa" ngokwenene yindlela indlela ezininzi iingxaki zeengqondo ezikwazi ngayo ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokufunda nokuzilungisa, ngokusekelwe kwinto ababonayo abanye abazenzayo kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Imithombo:
Oberman, LM, Hubbard, EM, McCleery, JP, Altschuler, EL, Ramachandran, VS, & Pineda, JA (2005). Ubungqina be-EEG ye-mirror neuron ukungasebenzi kwi-autism iziphazamiso zeembonakalo, uphando lweBongo lweCognitive , 24 (2): 190-8.
IPobric, G., Hamilton, AF (2006 uMatshi 7). Ukuqonda kwamanyathelo kufuna i-cortex engasentla engasentla. I-Biology yangoku, i- 16 (5): 524-9.
Rizzolatti, G., Craighero, L. (2004). I-mirror-neuron system. Ukuhlaziywa koNyaka kweNewscience. 27: 169-192.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Ukuqatshelwa kwentlalo. Ukuqhubeka kweeNkalo zeMpilo kwi-Neurology , 16 (4), 69-85.
Théoret, H., Pascual-Leone, A. (2002). Ukufunyanwa kweelwimi: Yenza njengoko Uzwayo. I-Biology yangoku, 12 (21): R736-7.