Yintoni eqhelekileyo kunye nento enokuthi ibonakalise izifo
Ezinye iingcamango, ezifana ne-knee-jerk, ziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ezinye aziqhelekanga kwaye zinokuthi zibonakalise imeko yonyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukungabikho kwe-reflex kunokubonisa ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Funda kabanzi ngezinye zeengcamango eziqhaqhaqileyo zomzimba kunye nento ebonisa ngayo ngempilo yakho.
Ucinga ntoni?
I- reflex yindlela enye apho umzimba uphatha imisebenzi ebalulekileyo njengokuma ngokuthe tye ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwingxenye eyaziwayo yengqondo.
Iingcamango ezininzi azidingeki ukuba zingene engqondweni kuzo zonke kodwa zingaphathwa ngokupheleleyo kumgca womgogodla.
I-reflex eyaziwayo kakhulu yidolo-jerk: xa ugqirha ephethe i-tendon ngaphantsi kwegama lakho nge-hammer ecacileyo kwaye umlenze ukhawuleza. I-stimulus (isando) iphumela kwisibonakaliso esithunyelwa nge-nerve ye-sensory kumgca wesipelini. Ukususela kumgca womgca, impendulo ibuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza nge-nerve motor, ekhokelela ekukhawuleni. Olu lunxibelelwano-oluvela kwintsimbi yecala ukuya kwintambo yomgogodla kunye nomqhubi (intshukumo) enomdla (ngaphandle kokuya kwingqondo) -wayaziwa njenge-arc reflex.
Ngokuqhelekileyo ngokumalunga ne-Pathological (engavamile)
Ezininzi iingcamango ziqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-knee-jerk i-reflex evamile kwaye ukungabikho kwalesi sicatshulwa kuya kuthathwa njengesiqhelo. Iingcamango ezininzi ziqhelekileyo kumntwana osanda kuzalwa okanye umntwana osemncinci kodwa kungeyinto engavamile ukuba ifunyanwe kumntu omdala. Ezinye iingcamango zingabonakalisa izifo kodwa zenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abanempilo ngaphandle kwemeko yengqondo.
Kwimeko apho, ubukho be-reflex kufuneka bunzima kunye nezinye iziphumo ukuchonga ukuba kukho ingxaki.
Iingqungquthela ezimangalisayo
Umzimba unako u-plethora weengcamango. Jonga ngokukhawuleza kwezinye zezona zinto ezincinci eziyaziwayo, eziqinileyo-kodwa eziqhelekileyo-eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zomzimba, ngezantsi.
I-Babinski reflex: Enye yeengcamango eziqhelekileyo ukuba i-neurologist ingavavanya i-refins yaseBabinski. Kulo vavanyo, i-neurologist igxotha phantsi kweenyawo zakho ngento ephosakeleyo. Kwimntu omdala, iinzwane ziqhelekile zincinci. Sekunjalo kubantwana, de kube malunga neminyaka emibini, kunye nabantu abadala abaneengqondo okanye ukulimala kwentambo yomgogodla, iinzwane ziye zenyuka kwaye zikhuphe. Kubantu abadala, oku kungabonakalisa ingxaki efana nesifo , isifo seengqondo, isifo se-meningitis, okanye umonakalo wentambo yomgogodla.
I-reflex ye-snout: I-reflex ye-snout yinto eqhelekileyo yengqondo yomntwana edla ngokuphelelwa yiminyaka ubudala, kodwa ingabuya xa i -lobes yangaphambili yengqondo ibonakaliswe. Ugqirha ugqithisa kakhulu emlonyeni wakho ophezulu kunye nomlomo wakho ogcinwe kunye kwaye ulindile impendulo. Impendulo engavamile kubantu abadala (kodwa eziqhelekileyo kwiintsana) kukuba ibe nemfesane yomlomo, ibonakale ibhokhwe yengulube. Iyakunxibelelana (ngapha nangapha) okanye emacaleni amabini (kumacala omabini.) I-reflex mhlawumbi yenzelwe ukunceda umntwana usane. Kwimntu omdala, le mpendulo ibonisa ukuba ingxaki ye -lobe yangaphambili njenge- frontal lobe head-trauma okanye i -lobe yangaphambili ye-lobe .
I-glabellar reflex (uphawu luka-Myerson): Indawo engaphezulu kwempumlo ebunzini kunye naphakathi kwamehlo kuthiwa i-glabella. Xa zifakwe kwi-glabella, abaninzi abantu bayaqhafaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bayeke ukukhenkceka emva kwamacompu ambalwa, kodwa ukuba ukugqithisa kuqhubeka, kubizwa ngokuba ngumqondiso ka-Myerson, odla ngokubhekisela ekubeni kukho ubuchopho obungavamile. Le ngcamango ibonakala kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sika-Parkinson .
I-reflex ye-palmal: I-reflux ye-abalalom ihlolwe ngokukhangela isandla sesandla kwaye ubukele ukujonga ukuba i-chin chinxiba. Le ngcamango engaqhelekanga engayibonakalisa umonakalo kwengqondo. Kungaba khona ukusuka ekuzalweni (ngokuzalwa) kubantwana abane-Down syndrome kodwa kubonakala kubantu abadala abane- Alzheimer's disease . Ngokuhambisana ne-reflex ye-snout, i-reflex-reflex ibonisa ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-lobes yangaphambili yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, le ngcamango ihlala ikhona kubantu abangenazo naziphi izifo (abaphilileyo.)
I-reflex yesalathisi: I-reflex yesi-anal ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-wink ye-anal, i-reflex ye-perineal, okanye i-reflex engqondweni. Ingqungquthela evamile apho i-sphincter yesi-anal eqinisa ukuphendula kwisimo sendawo, esichukumisayo esicasulayo esinjengokubetha isikhumba ejikeleze i-anus. Ukungabikho kwesi sicwangciso kungabonisa isifo. Ukuba le ngqungquthela ayikho, ingaba ngumqondiso womonakalo wentambo yomgogodla ochaphazela i-nervousal nerv (i-nerve efanelekileyo kwi-S2 ukuya kwi-S4.)
I-reflex ye-cremasteric: I-reflexteric reflex ivuselelwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwethanga. Kubantu, oku kubangela ukuba i-cremaster muscle ingenise isivumelwano kwaye iimvavanyo ziphakanyiswe. Le ngcamango inokutshabalalisa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ezinjengomonakalo kwingqondo okanye kumgudu womgudu (iingxaki ze-neuron eziphezulu kunye nezantsi) okanye iinkqubo ezingenanto zesifo ezinxulumene neengxaki ezinjenge- tortic testicular .
I-Clonus: I- Clonus iyinkcazo ephezulu. Ingaba ngumqathango, ngokwawo, okanye unokubangelwa enye imeko. Oogqirha bavavanya le ngcamango ngokuhambisa unyawo ngendlela ethile. Ukuba isigulane siphendula ngohlobo oluthile lokuphindaphinda umsila, apho ahlala eguqulela khona unyawo ngaphezu kwexesha elide, kungabonakalisa umonakalo kwingqondo okanye emthonjeni. Elinye iqhosha okanye iimbalwa ziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba iyaqhubeka ngexeshana, oko kungabhekisela kuyo. Ukuxhamla ngokuqhelekileyo kudla ngokuba ngumqondiso we-motor upper neuron disorder ezifana ne -chorea ka-Huntington , i- tumor ye-brain , i-meningitis okanye i-spinal cord injury. I-Clonus ingabonakala nakwizigulane ezine-syotrome syndrome, imeko ebonakaliswa ngumthamo ogqithiseleyo we-serotonin kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala kubantu abasebenzisa imishanguzo echasayo.
I-reflex yeHoffman : I-reflex yeHoffman ivivinywa ngokukhawuleza phakathi okanye kumnxeba kunye nokubukela ukuze ubone ukuba isithupha sinomtsalane. Le ngcamango ihlala ikhona kubantu abaphilileyo, kodwa ukuba i-reflex yomelele kwelinye icala lomzimba kunomnye, ingaba ngumqondiso wesifo segazi. I-reflex iyaziwa nangokuthi i-reflex finger reflex. I-reflex yeHoffman eyomeleleyo kwelinye icala lomzimba ivame ukubonisa ukulimala okanye ukungaqhelekanga ngaphezulu kwezinga le-C5 ukuya kwi-C6 kumgca wesipelini. Kungenzeka ngenxa ye- multiple sclerosis (MS) , i- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig), isifo sesisu somlomo wesibeleko, i-myelitis, okanye i-tumor (umonakalo naphina kwi-corticospinal okanye ipramramidal tract). Ingcamango ingabonakala kubantu abanenkxalabo okanye i- hyperthyroidism . Oogqirha badla ukucinga ngeengcamango ezichanekileyo kunokuba zihlolwe ngokomzimba, kodwa oku kungabodwa. Kwisifundo esinye safumanisa ukuba i-reflex yeHoffman yayichaneke ngakumbi kune-MRI ekufumaneni i-spinal cord intsebenzo.
I-Reflexes Ininzi
Naluphi na umsizi onokuvavanywa kwi-reflex kude kubekho itononi efikelelekayo. Ukongezelela kwezo zibhalwe apha ngasentla, zikhona ezinye iinguqu ezininzi kwi-body-inyaniso, ngaphezu kokubalwa lula. Ezi ngcamango zinokunika iingqiqo ezixabisekileyo kwiingcali ze- neurologists ezama ukujonga ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yomntu. Yenza ukuqesha kunye nogqirha wakho ukuvavanya ukuba uyaphawula nayiphi na into ephathelele ukucinga.
> Imithombo:
> Ropper. I-Adams kunye neMigaqo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 10e. Np: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Print.