Iimpawu ze-cranial kunye neMisebenzi yazo

Ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwiBrain

Iimbilini ze-cranial ziqokelelo ezibalulekileyo zeentsholongwane, zonke ezihamba ngqo kwiingqondo kunokuba ziqhutywe ngentambo yomgudu, njengamanye amaninzi. Iimbilini ze-cranial zinemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, ngoko ke ibaluleke kakhulu kugqirha, kunye nezigulane ezichaphazelekayo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komsebenzi wentsholongwane.

Ngaphandle kokuba unobungcali bezobugcisa, akusoloko kuyimfuneko ukwazi zonke iinkcukacha malunga nentsholongwane nganye.

Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olungezantsi lunokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi umthombo weengxaki ezithile oye wazifumana, kwaye ikukhokele ekubhekiselele kolwazi oluninzi.

I-Olfactory Nerve

I-nerf yoltifact inexanduva lokudlulisa yonke into esiyivayo kwingqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kule ntsho kungabangela i-anosmia, ukungakwazi ukufumana izicabha . Oku kuphazamisa kakhulu ingqiqo yethu.

Optic Nerve

I-nertic optic idlulisela iimpawu zombane ukusuka kwiso ukuya kwingqondo, eguqula le miqondiso ibe ngumfanekiso wento esiyibonayo kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo. Ukuphazamiseka kwentsholongwane ye-optic, njenge- optic neuritis, kunokukhokelela ekuphazamiseni okubonakalayo kunye nobumfama.

I-Oculomotor Nerve

I-oculomotor nererve inezinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, i-oculomotor nererve idlulisela iimpawu ezivumela ukuba amehlo ahambe kuzo zonke izikhokelo ezingalawulwa ngamanye amathambo. Okwesibini, i-oculomotor nererve ithwala i-parisympathetic fibers kwi- iris , eyenza iris iyanqanda xa ukhanyisa.

Isilonda kwi-oculomotor nerve sinokubangela imboniselo kabini (diplopia), kodwa inokubangela "umfundi ovuthulukileyo" -afundi ongenako ukukhawuleza. Ngenxa yendawo yayo, i-oculomotor nerve iyakwazi ukulimala ngokunyanzeliswa kwe- intracranial ephakamileyo , kwaye umfundi okhunileyo unokuba ngumqondiso wenkathazo ebangelwa yintsholongwane.

I-Trochlear Nerve

I-trochlear nerve ilawula isistim eshukumisa isohlo kunye nokuphuma. Isilonda sale ntsho singenza i- diplopia, enokuphuculwa ngokukhupha intloko kude nehlohlo elichaphazelekayo.

I-Trigeminal Nerve

I-nerve ye-trigeminal ngokuyinhloko i-nervous sensory, ithetha ukuba ibuyisela ukuvakalelwa ebusweni. Ukongezelela, i-nerve trigeminal ilawula izidumbu ezithile zobuso ezifunekayo ukufuna. Enye yeengxaki ezimbi kakhulu zengxaki kunye neentlanzi ezizintathu ziyi -neuralgia ye-trigeminal , uhlobo olubi kakhulu lweentlungu zomzimba.

Ukunciphisa iMisongo

Le ntsho ilawula isifo eshukumisa iso ngaphandle kwempumlo. Isilonda sokukhupha iimbilini kubangela umbono obini, apho umfanekiso omnye uhambelana ngqo nomnye. Ngamanye amaxesha ukunciphisa iimbilini kunokuba nefuthe kumacala omabini kwiimeko zokunyuka kwengcinezelo engakumbi, njenge- pseudotumor cerebri .

I-Face Nerve

Ubunzima bomzimba bunzima. Awuyikulawula kuphela ubuninzi beemisipha ebusweni; le ntsho ibuye idlulise umqondiso wesinambiso phambi kweelwimi, idlulise iifayili ze-parasympathetic ezenza amehlo aqhekeze kunye nomlomo, kwaye unoxanduva lobuncwane obuthile entendeni. Kwakhona kunceda ukucwangcisa indlebe ngokulawulwa kwe-stapedius muscle.

Yingakho ukuvuvukala kwentsholongwane yobuso, njengobunzima bukaBella , kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezingaphezu kobuthathaka obusweni, nangona ubuthathaka obunjalo bubona luphawu olubonakalayo.

IVestibulocochlear Nerve

Le ntsho inezinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: icandelo le-cochlear lidlulisela ulwazi lwe-acoustic kwingqondo ukuze sikwazi ukuva, kwaye isabelo se-vestibula sithumela iimpawu malunga nokulinganisela nokuhamba. Iingxaki nge-vestibulocochlear nerve, ngoko, kunokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe okanye i- vertigo , kwaye kaninzi kubangele zombini.

I-Glossopharyngeal Nerve

I-glossopharyngeal nererve ine-bunch of jobs odd. Le ntsho ixanduva lokunambitha ukusuka emlonyeni welo lwimi, uvakalelo oluvela kwincinci encinci yendlebe kunye nenxalenye yolwimi nomqala, ukungabikho kwemisipha ebalulekileyo yokugwinya (i-stylopharyngeus), kunye ne-salivation nge-parotid gland.

Ikwafumana kwakhona ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nexinzelelo lwegazi ukusuka kwi-chemoreceptors kunye ne-baroreceptors kwi-body carotid. Ukutshiswa kwe-glossopharyngeal nerve kungakhokelela kwi-glossopharyngeal neuralgia, imeko apho ibuhlungu kakhulu ukugwinya.

I-Vagus Nerve

Le ntsho ilawula i-pharynx (ukugwinya) kunye ne-larynx (ngokuthetha), kunye nokuvakalelwa kwi-pharynx, inxalenye yamagama kunye nenxalenye encinci yendlebe. Njengentsimbi ye-glossopharyngeal, i-nerus vagus iyayifumanisa ukunambitha (ukusuka emqaleni) kwaye iphinda ibone iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezivela kwi-chemo kunye ne-baroreceptors kufuphi nentliziyo (kwi-arch arch). Ukongezelela, i-vagus nererve idlulisela iifayili ze-parasympathetic entliziyweni, imiqondiso esuka kuyo inganciphisa ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ngenxa yobudlelwane bayo entliziyweni, ukuphazamiseka kwentsholongwane yesisu kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuthazwa kwentsholongwane ye-vagus kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunokuba luncedo kwiindawo ezininzi eziphazamisayo, kuquka nokuhluthwa.

I-Spinal Accessory Nerve

I-nerinal accessory nererve ayinzima kakhulu kunokuba ibambelele ngaphambili. Inomsebenzi oyintloko kuphela: ukudala ukutyunjwa kwe- sternocleidomastoid muscle kunye ne- trapezius ukwenzela ukukunceda ukuhambisa intloko okanye ihlombe. Ukuphazamiseka kwalo mgca kunciphisa amandla okusebenzisa le mihla.

I-Hypoglossal Nerve

I-hypoglossal nerving controls all movements of the tongue. Ukuthetha okunzima (i-dysarthria) yinto enokubangela umonakalo we-hypoglossal.

_Imithombo

• _{I-Hal Blumenfeld, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa iiKliniki zeeKliniki. I-Sunderland: Abapapashi be-Sinauer Associates 2002}
• _{I-Ropper AH, i-Samuels MA. I-Adams kunye neMigaqo yeVictor ye-Neurology, 9-ed: I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009. Ilungu leMcCabe, u-O'Connor EJ.}