I-optic neuritis isifo sokuvuvukala kwentsimbi ye-optic. I-nertic optic iyinxalenye yesibindi somnxeba edibanisa iso lakho kwingqondo yakho. I-nertic optic idlulisela ulwazi olubonakalayo kwingqondo. I-nertic optic igqitywe yinyama enamafutha ebizwa ngokuba yi- myelin eyenziwa njenge-insulation. U-Myelin unceda iimpembelelo zombane zihamba ngokukhawuleza kunye neentsimbi. Kukholelwa ukuba i-optic neuritis iqala xa umzimba we-immune uhlasela izi zicubu.
Uninzi lweziganeko ze-optic neuritis zenzeka kubasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-40.
Iimpawu
I-optic neuritis kaninzi ibangela ukulahlekelwa kwimbono kunye nentlungu xa ishukumisa iliso. Le ntlungu ibangelwa ukwelula kwe-optic nerve cover. Ukukhanya kokukhanya kuya kwenzeka nangokuhamba kwamehlo. Iimpawu ziba nzima ngakumbi xa izinga lokushisa komzimba landa. Ukulahleka kombono kuqhubela phambili, kufinyelele kwisithuba esiphambili kwiiveki ezimbini. Umlinganiselo wokulahleka kombono uhlukile phakathi kwezigulane. Ezinye izigulane nazo zijongene neengxaki ngokuqonda okujonge.
Izizathu
I-optic neuritis ingabangelwa zizifo ezininzi kunye neemeko. Abanye abantu bahlakulela i-optic neuritis emva kokugula njengama-mumps, imasese, okanye nokuba kubanda kakhulu. Kwabanye, le meko isondelelene ne- multiple sclerosis . Abanye abantu abanesiqhelo se-optic neuritis bahlakulela i-multiple sclerosis emva koko ebomini. Ezinye iimeko ze-optic neuritis zibizwa ngokuthi idiopathic.
Oku kuthetha ukuba une-optic neuritis ngenxa yesizathu esingaziwayo okanye isizathu esingagqitywanga.
Ezinye izizathu ze-optic neuritis ziquka ezi zilandelayo.
- ukusuleleka kubaktheriya, njenge-syphilis okanye isifo seLyme
- iintsholongwane ezifana ne-herpes okanye i- hepatitis B
- sarcoidosis
- arteritis
- iikhemikhali ezithile kunye nezidumbu
Iimpawu
Ugqirha lakho kwamehlo liyakwazi ukubona iimpawu ze-neuritis ye-optical ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo.
Uyakwazi ukubona intloko ye-optic ye-optic nerve. Ukugqithiswa, iiseli okanye umbane ovela kwisistim somzimba wakho wokuzivikela unakho kwakhona kwi- retina . Ngamanye amaxesha, unokwazi ukubona iimpawu phambi kokuba i-optic nerve ibonise iimpawu zokuvuvukala, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-retrobulbar optic neuritis. Ugqirha wakho unokuphawula indlela eyahlukileyo ngayo indlela abafundi bakho abasabela ngayo ekukhanyeni. Kwakhona, ubuncwane bakho obubonakalayo buncitshiswa, kwaye unokwazi ukubona iindawo ezingaboniyo okanye indawo ezincinci kummandla wakho wombono. Umbono wombala unokuchaphazeleka.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-optic neuritis, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo olujongeyo lwamehlo emva kokuphucula amehlo akho, kubandakanywa uvavanyo lombala kunye novavanyo olubonakalayo kwintsimi. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-MRI kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo lwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Unokufumana ukungabikho okwexeshana ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwintsimi ebonakalayo, ukuvavanywa kombala kunye novavanyo olubonakalayo lwezonyango oluya kunceda ekuxilongweni.
Unyango
Izigulane ezininzi ezine-optic neuritis ziphucula ngaphandle kwonyango. Unyango luhlala luxhomekeke ekubeni kungekudala imeko ifunyaniswa emva kokuba uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango luquka ukusetyenziswa kwe-steroids ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwe-nertic optic. Ionyango ze-steroid ziquka i-intravenous steroids elandelwa yi-steroids yomlomo.
Ikhosi eqhelekileyo ye-steroids iintsuku ezintathu ze-IV steroids zilandelwa iintsuku ezimbalwa zokutshiza amayeza. Abanye abantu baneengxaki ezibi kakhulu xa bephathwa nge-steroids. Ukuba uhlakulela nayiphi na imiphumo emibi engxamisekileyo, qha ga mshelana nodokotela wakho. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwe-steroid zingaquka oku kulandelayo:
- kunzima ukulala
- isisu esicasulayo okanye isicashu
- intsimbi yentsimbi emlonyeni
- ukuxhalaba okanye ukucasula
- ukwandiswa kwamazinga e-glucose (ngakumbi kwi-diabetics)
- i-thrush (intsholongwane yefungal)
Emva kwesiganeko se-optic neuritis, umbono wakho ungabuyela kwisiqhelo okanye ungasondeli ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
ILizwi
I-optic neuritis ngezinye izihlandlo iphinda iphinde ifune ukufudumala. Iqela elincinci labantu liye laqhubeka liphindaphinda lesi sifo kwaye lifuna unyango oluqhubekayo. Emva kwexesha, malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zezigulane ezine-optic neuritis ziza kuphuhlisa ezinye iimpawu ze-neurological ezingasiphakamisa ukuxilongwa kwe-multiple sclerosis. Izigulane ezine-optic neuritis ezinamandla zinokuba nemeko ebizwa nge-neuromyelitis optica. Le meko idinga ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Umthombo:
AmaSlamovits, uThomas L. noRonald Burde. I-neuro-ophthalmology, iNcwadi ye-Ophthalmology. Umqulu 6, ISBN 1-56375-099-6. I-Copyright 1994, uMosby-Year Book Yurophu Ltd.