I-Hepatitis B isifo esibangelwa yi -virus ye-hepatitis B , kwaye ingaba nzima okanye ingapheliyo. Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B yiyona nto ebangela ukuba i-hepatitis engapheliyo emhlabeni jikelele kwaye abantu abane-HIV epilisi yesifo esingapheliyo bayasengozini yokukhula komhlaza wesifo (hepatocellular carcinoma). Ukongeza, i-virus ye-hepatitis B yimbangela ehamba phambili ye-cirrhosis ehlabathini.
EUnited States, malunga nabantu abayi-1.5 yezigidi banesifo sengculaza ye-hepatitis B. Nangona kunjalo, emhlabeni wonke, malunga nezigidi ezi-400 zabantu abanegciwane, baninzi bala bantu abahlala e-Asiya. Ngokucacileyo, le yinto ebalulekileyo yempilo yoluntu kunye neyonyango.
Emva kokutyhila kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B, bangena into ebizwa ngokuba yixesha lokuxubusha . Ngeli xesha, elinokuhlala phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, umntu osulelekileyo akaqhelekanga iimpawu. Emva kwexesha elide liphela, ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B eqaqambileyo kukhula kwaye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-virus ye-viral hepatitis ziyabonakala. Kuba abaninzi abantu olu suleleko luya kubangela ukungazinzi okulula kuya kuyingqungquthela kodwa kuya kuhamba ngenxa yaloo mpu melelo yokulwa nentsholongwane. Nangona kunqabile, abanye abantu bangaba neengxaki ezinzulu ezifana nokuhluleka kwesibindi.
I-hepatitis B engapheliyo ivela xa umntu onentsholongwane ephezulu engakwazi ukuphelisa intsholongwane.
Ingaba isifo eso sihlala sisigxina okanye sigqibe ngokupheleleyo sithembele kakhulu kumntu womntu ogulayo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zeentsana ezitheleleke xa zizalwa ziya kuphucula kwizifo ezingapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengomntu osemdala, umngcipheko wesifo esingapheliyo unciphisa ukuba phakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini kwabantwana kunye nabangaphantsi kwe-10 ekhulwini yabantwana abadala okanye abantu abadala baya kuqhubeka besuka kwi-acute kuya kwiintsholongwane ezingapheliyo.
Iimpawu ze-Hepatitis B
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ze-hepatitis B eziqhelekileyo zifana nazo zonke i-hepatitis ye-viral acute . Ngokuqhelekileyo uphawu lokuqala lulahlekelwa ngumdla (olubizwa ngokuthi i-anorexia), lulandelwa yisicupunu, mhlawumbi, ukuhlanza. Kwamanye abantu ezi zibonakaliso ziba zizinzulu, zihlala iiveki eziliqela kwaye zifuna unyango. Ezinye iimpawu zikhathele kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukunyuka kweentlungu, iintlungu kunye nobuhlungu beemisipha kunye namalungu, intloko, ukuvakala kwengqondo, umqala, umkhuhlane kunye neempumlo.
I-jaundice, eyokuqokelela i- bilirubin yamakhemikhali emathanjeni omzimba, sisinye isibonakaliso esinokwenzeka . Oku kubonakala njengombala obomvu kwesikhumba kunye nakumhlophe abamhlophe. Nangona le nto ibonakaliswa kakhulu yintsholongwane ye-virus yesifo se-hepatitis, i-jaundice ikhula kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zabantu abane-hepatitis B-uninzi lwabantu abane-hepatitis B enzima.
Akuqhelekanga kubantu abane-hepatitis B enzima ukuba bangabi nampawu. Aba bantu kuthiwa bangabonakali kwaye bangenakukwazi ukusuleleka kwabo. Uninzi lweempawu zihlala zihamba emva kweenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3, kodwa abaninzi abantu baqaphele ukukhathala ixesha elide.
Ukufudumala kwe-Hepatitis B
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis B isasazeka ngokulula ngamanzi omzimba one-HIV. Amaziza omzimba aqhelekileyo achongwa njengophathekayo yigazi, ummatha, umlenze kunye nezigcini zangasese. Kubasebenzi benonophelo lwempilo, amaninzi amaninzi omzimba acingelwa ukuba angathatshulwa kwaye kufuneka kuqaphele.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ukuba intsholongwane ye-hepatitis B isasazeka ngolwabelana ngesondo okanye uqhelana kakhulu nomntu osulelekileyo, ukwabelana ngeenaliti kunye nemivimbo kunye nomntu osulelekileyo, kunye nenkqubo yokuqhawula umama osulelekileyo kumntwana.
Enyanisweni, lolu hlobo lokugqibela lokusasazeka, olubizwa ngokuba ngumtshini wokuhamba, lwaluqhelekile kangangokuba izikhulu zezempilo zoluntu zaqala ukucetyiswa ngokunyanga kwe-hepatitis B. Eminye imithombo ithi abaninzi abantu baseMelika abanesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-hepatitis B basulelekile njengeintsana okanye abantwana abancinci.
Isifo se-Hepatitis B
Oogqirha baxilonga i-hepatitis B ngokuvavanya igazi lakho ngenxa yobukho be-antibodies kwingxenye ethile yegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis B. Le nxalenye ethile ichazwa ngokuthi yi-HBsAG, kwaye ibhekisela kwi-antigen ye-hepatitis B. Le antigen empeleni iprotheni yentsholongwane eyenziwa ngumzimba njengento engafanele ibe nayo kwaye iya kuqala ukuphuhlisa impendulo yomzimba ngokumelene nayo.
Olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ngamagqirha egazini lakho, elibizwa ngokuba yi-IgM anti-HBc, luvavanyo olungcono ngakumbi lokuseka ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B. Le nyathelo le-anti-IgM eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho we-immune kwiprotheyini e-viral ebizwa ngokuba yi- antigen engundoqo.
Impendulo yomzimba ngokumalunga ne-virus isoloko iphumelele kuba abaninzi abantu baya kuphelisa ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela enamandla ngayo impendulo ye-immune , kunye nesantya sosulelo, usenokungaqondi ukuba ugula!
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abakucacisi intsholongwane kwaye bahlakulela i-hepatitis B. engapheliyo. Oogqirha baxilonga lesi sifo ngokulinganisa i-HBsAg kunye ne-antibody kwiprotheni engundoqo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-anti-HBc. Abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheliyo banezi zombini ezijikelezayo kwigazi labo.
Lawulo
Phantse wonke umntu okhulisa i-hepatitis B enzima (95% -99% yabantu abadala abasempilweni) baya kuba ngcono ngokwabo, ngoko ke oogqirha abacebisi naluphina unyango oluthile. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho wokhuseleko lomzimba uyakwazi ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukutshabalalisa intsholongwane ye-hepatitis B kwisibindi phambi kokuba kukho naziphi iingxaki ezinzulu eziqalayo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu zesifo se-hepatitis B, ezinye iingcali zincoma unyango ngeyeza elithi lamivudine.
Kubantu abaqhubela phambili kwi-hepatitis B engapheliyo, oogqirha banokukhetha ezilwanyana ezinobungozi be-alpha, i-intergyon ye-pegylated, i-lamivudine, i-adefovir dipivoxil kunye ne-entecavir. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha baphatha ngesilwanyana esisodwa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango ludibeneyo namachiza amabini, njenge- pegylated interferon kunye ne-lamivudine. Injongo yonyango ukufumana amanqanaba egazini egazini (ngokukodwa ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane) kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo ngeemvavanyo zegazi.
Ngelishwa, unyango lubiza kakhulu kwaye lunzima. Ukongezelela, abanye abantu abane-hepatitis B abangapheliyo abaphenduli kakuhle kunyango. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, isicwangciso esona sigqwesileyo kukukhusela ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B.
Thintelo
Ukusuleleka kwe-Hepatitis B kuthintela lula ngokugonywa. Ukugonywa kuphephile kwaye kungabibizi kwaye kukho ezimbini iigcino ezikhoyo eUnited States.
Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B kwaye kufuneka bagonywe kungekudala. Laba bonke abasebenzi bezempilo, abasebenzisi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, abantu abasentolongweni okanye iintolongo kunye nabantu abanamaqela angaphezulu kwesini. Ngenxa yengozi yokwandisa usuleleko olungapheliyo, bonke abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 kufuneka bafumane ukugonya kwe-hepatitis B.
> Umthombo:
> Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Long DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison Online. "I-Hepatitis enoVirus". Harrison Online